# Citharode

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{{Short description|Classical Greek professional musician}}
{{Infobox occupation
| name               = kitharode (citharode){{efn|name=spelling-note}}
| synonyms           = kitharist (citharist){{efn|name=spelling-note}}
| pronounce          = 
| image              = Kitharaspieler Kreta asb 2004 PICT3430.JPG
| imagesize          = 150px
| alt                =
| caption            = {{center|Bronze cast figure of a<br/>kithara player from [Crete](/source/Crete).}}
| official_names     = 
| type               = professional performer
| activity_sector    = self-accompanied musical performance
| competencies       = singing, strummed string instrument ([lyre](/source/lyre) family),{{efn|
A kitharode would automatically be expected to be able to also play a [barbiton](/source/barbiton), [lyre](/source/lyre), and [phorminx](/source/phorminx), provided it was a version with the same number of strings as the standard [kithara](/source/kithara).
:
}} [music theory](/source/music_theory), [music notation](/source/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece){{efn|
It is unclear how far back [Greek musical notation](/source/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece) goes. It may have only been a competency of kitharodes during the late classical period; from some point, both kitharodes and [auletes](/source/aulos) would have required to simultaneously read two separate systems of notation: One for instrumental music and the other for sung music.
:{{see|Musical system of ancient Greece}}
:
}}
| formation          = 
| employment_field   =
| related_occupation = Aulete / aulist ([aulos](/source/aulos) player, "piper")
}}

A '''kitharode''' ([Latinized](/source/Romanization) '''citharode'''){{efn|name=spelling-note|There are an elaborate variety of spellings, each altered to pronounce correctly in different languages, and to incorporate partial translations; since there is no modern form of [kithara](/source/kithara), that is typically left un-translated. (Strictly speaking, ''kitharoedos'' / ''citharoedus'' translates to "[zither](/source/zither)ist", but that seems to never be used.) Variants include:
::* {{langx|grc| {{math|κιθαρῳδός}} }} {{IPA|el|kitʰarɔː'dós|}}
:
{{div col |colwidth=16em |content=
* {{langx|la|citharoedus}} ([translit.](/source/transliteration) [Greek](/source/Greek_language))
* citharode ([Anglicised](/source/Anglicised) [translit.](/source/transliteration) [Latin](/source/Latin_language))
* kitharode ([Anglicised](/source/Anglicised) [translit.](/source/transliteration) [Greek](/source/Greek_language))
:
* citharede (rare)
* citharoede (rare)
:
* citharist ([English](/source/English_language) translation [Latin](/source/Latin_language))<ref name=Webster-citharist/>
* kitharist ([English](/source/English_language) translation [Greek](/source/Greek_language))
}}
:}}<ref>
{{cite dictionary
 |title=citharode
 |dictionary=Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095613689
}}
</ref>
({{langx|grc| {{math|κιθαρῳδός}} }} {{IPA|el|kitʰarɔː'dós|}} and {{math|κιτηαρῳδός}};<ref>{{cite dictionary |url = https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0060:entry=citharoedusedus |editor1-first = Charlton T. |editor1-last = Lewis |display-editors = etal |dictionary = An Elementary Latin Dictionary |title = citharoedus }}</ref> {{langx|la|'''cit'''haroedus}}) or '''citharist''',<ref name=Webster-citharist>
{{cite dictionary
 |title = citharist
 |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
 |publisher=[Merriam-Webster](/source/Merriam-Webster)
 |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/citharist
}}
</ref>
was a [classical Greek](/source/classical_Greece) professional performer (singer) of the [cithara](/source/cithara), as one who used the cithara to accompany their singing. Famous citharodes included [Terpander](/source/Terpander), [Sappho](/source/Sappho), and [Arion](/source/Arion).

[[File:Apollo Musagetes Pio-Clementino Inv310.jpg|thumb|left| [Apollo kitharoidos](/source/Apollo_Citharoedus) ([Apollo](/source/Apollo) holding a cithara and wearing the customary [kitharōdos](/source/kithar%C5%8Ddos)’ robes) and [musagetes](/source/musagetes) (leading the [Muses](/source/Muses)). Marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE.]]

"Citharoedus" or "Citharede" was also an epithet of Apollo (Apollo Citharede), and the term is used to refer to [statues which portray Apollo with his lyre](/source/Apollo_Citharoedus).

{{clear}}

==See also==
{{div col |colwidth=6em |content=
* [Aeneator](/source/Aeneator)
* [Aoidos](/source/Aoidos)
* [Apollo](/source/Apollo)
* [Arion](/source/Arion)
* [Sappho](/source/Sappho)
* [Terpander](/source/Terpander)
}}

;Relevant musical instruments
{{div col |colwidth=10em |content=
* [aulete](/source/aulete) ([aulos](/source/aulos) player)
* [aulos](/source/aulos) (contemporaneous wind instrument)
* [barbiton](/source/barbiton) (bass [kithara](/source/kithara))
* [kithara](/source/kithara) (professional instrument)
* [lyre](/source/lyre) ([folk instrument](/source/folk_instrument))
* [phorminx](/source/phorminx) (advanced [folk inst.](/source/folk_instrument))
* [rhapsode](/source/rhapsode) (professional singer)
}}

;Related type of statuary
* [Apollo Citharoedus](/source/Apollo_Citharoedus)

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

Category:Music of ancient Greece

{{AncientGreece-stub}}
{{job-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Citharode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citharode) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citharode?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.