# Circulaire

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In [France](/source/France), [Italy](/source/Italy), [Belgium](/source/Belgium), and some other [civil law](/source/Civil_law_(legal_system)) countries, a '''{{lang|fr|circulaire}}''' ([French](/source/French_language)), '''{{lang|it|circolare}}''' ([Italian](/source/Italian_language)) or '''{{lang|nl|omzendbrief}}''' ([Dutch](/source/Dutch_language)) consists of a text intended for the members of a service, of an [enterprise](/source/Company), or of an [administration](/source/Business_administration).

Within the French and Belgian [civil service](/source/civil_service), a {{lang|fr|circulaire}} originates from a [ministry](/source/Ministry_(government_department)) with the aim of giving an interpretation of a legal text or of a [regulation](/source/regulation) (a  [decree](/source/decree), {{lang|fr|arrêté}} or [Royal Order](/source/Royal_Order)), with a view to applying such a regulation consistently. As such, a {{lang|fr|circulaire}} depends on the general principles of law, but carries more weight than mere administrative acts.

{{lang|fr|Circulaire}} provide recommendations: they apply only to employees of the civil service. In certain cases, ''circulaires'' introduce new rules ({{lang|fr|circulaires réglementaires}}); such that under certain conditions one can appeal against [abuse of power](/source/abuse_of_power).

The body of [jurisprudence](/source/jurisprudence) relating to ''circulaires'' has developed extensively. In principle, ''circulaires'' exist only to comment on existing law and to explain its application in concrete terms.

The contentious side of {{lang|fr|circulaires}}, of {{lang|fr|notes de services}} and of {{lang|fr|instructions}} has brought about several legal responses, varying according to several criteria and according to the type of text involved:

* the regulatory nature of the text<ref>
Refer (amongst a plethora of cases) to CE 29 January 1954, Assemblée, Institution Notre-Dame du Kreisker, Rec. 64, concl. Tricot
</ref>

* the character of the measure of internal administration
* the regulatory power of Ministers within their Departments<ref>
See CE 7 February 1936, section, Jamart, Rec. 172.
</ref>

* Government decisions

==See also==
*[Circular letter (disambiguation)](/source/Circular_letter_(disambiguation))
*[Maison des lycéens](/source/Maison_des_lyc%C3%A9ens)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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Category:Law of France
Category:Belgian legislation

[pt:Circular](/source/pt%3ACircular)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Circulaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulaire) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulaire?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.