# Cichlasoma

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{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox 
| image = Cichlasoma dimerus.JPG<!-- many species previously placed in Cichlasoma are now placed in other genera; before changing the photo, please make sure the species actually is a member of Cichlasoma today (see species list in article) -->
| image_caption = ''Cichlasoma dimerus''
| taxon = Cichlasoma
| authority = [Swainson](/source/William_Swainson), 1839
| type_species = ''[Labrus bimaculatus](/source/Cichlasoma_bimaculatum)''
| type_species_authority = [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)
}}

'''''Cichlasoma''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [freshwater fish](/source/freshwater_fish) in the [cichlid](/source/cichlid) family. The genus was previously very large (a [wastebasket taxon](/source/wastebasket_taxon)), including cichlids from North America, including Central America, and South America.

Reclassification and subsequent splitting of the genus by [Sven O. Kullander](/source/Sven_O._Kullander) and other [ichthyologists](/source/Ichthyology) has resulted in removing many of the former [species](/source/species) from ''Cichlasoma'' to genera such as ''[Amphilophus](/source/Amphilophus)'', ''[Archocentrus](/source/Archocentrus)'', ''[Herichthys](/source/Herichthys)'', ''[Heros](/source/Heros_(fish))'', ''[Nandopsis](/source/Nandopsis)'', ''[Parachromis](/source/Parachromis)'', ''[Thorichthys](/source/Thorichthys)'', ''[Vieja](/source/Vieja)'' and others in the tribe [Heroini](/source/Heroini).<ref name=Mahan2015>{{cite journal | author  = McMahan, C.D. | author2  = Matamoros, W.A. | author3  = Piller, K.R. | author4  = Chakrabarty, P. | s2cid = 34699955 | name-list-style  = amp | year = 2015 | title = Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3999 | issue = 2 | pages = 211–234 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.3| pmid = 26623572 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Rican2016>{{cite journal|last1=Říčan|first1=O.|last2=Piálek|first2=L.|last3=Dragová|first3=K.|last4=Novák|first4=J.|year=2016|title=Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification|journal=[Vertebrate Zoology](/source/Vertebrate_Zoology)|volume=66|issue=1|pages=1–102|doi=10.3897/vz.66.e31534 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Species==
According to [FishBase](/source/FishBase), there are currently sixteen recognized species in this genus,<ref name = FishBase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Cichlasoma|month=February|year=2020}}</ref> but three very different Middle American [taxa](/source/taxa) ("''C.''"'' geddesi'' a [synonym](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) of ''[Herichthys deppii](/source/Herichthys_deppii)'', and "''C.''"'' istlanum'' and "''C.''"'' trimaculatum'' placed in ''[Amphilophus](/source/Amphilophus)'') are not included by [Catalog of Fishes](/source/Catalog_of_Fishes), effectively limiting ''Cichlasoma'' to a group of rather similar, medium-small cichlids of South America.<ref name=COF>{{Cof genus |genus=Cichlasoma |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>

* ''[Cichlasoma amazonarum](/source/Cichlasoma_amazonarum)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma araguaiense](/source/Cichlasoma_araguaiense)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma bimaculatum](/source/Cichlasoma_bimaculatum)'' <small>([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae))</small> (Black acara)
* ''[Cichlasoma boliviense](/source/Cichlasoma_boliviense)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma dimerus](/source/Cichlasoma_dimerus)'' <small>([Heckel](/source/Johann_Jakob_Heckel), 1840)</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma geddesi](/source/Cichlasoma_geddesi)'' <small>([Regan](/source/Charles_Tate_Regan), 1905)</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma istlanum](/source/Cichlasoma_istlanum)'' <small>([D. S. Jordan](/source/David_Starr_Jordan) & [Snyder](/source/John_Otterbein_Snyder), 1899)</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma orientale](/source/Cichlasoma_orientale)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma orinocense](/source/Cichlasoma_orinocense)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma paranaense](/source/Cichlasoma_paranaense)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma portalegrense](/source/Cichlasoma_portalegrense)'' <small>([R. F. Hensel](/source/Reinhold_Friedrich_Hensel), 1870)</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma pusillum](/source/Cichlasoma_pusillum)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma santifranciscense](/source/Cichlasoma_santifranciscense)'' <small>[S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1983</small>
* ''[Cichlasoma taenia](/source/Cichlasoma_taenia)'' <small>([E. T. Bennett](/source/Edward_Turner_Bennett), 1831)</small> (Brown coscarob) 
* ''[Cichlasoma zarskei](/source/Cichlasoma_zarskei)'' <small>[Ottoni](/source/Felipe_Polivanov_Ottoni), 2011</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3600}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Cichlasoma
Category:Cichlasomatini
Category:Cichlid genera
Category:Taxa named by William Swainson

{{Cichlasomatinae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cichlasoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichlasoma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichlasoma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.