# Chrysopa perla

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{{Short description|Species of lacewing}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Chrysopidae 01 (MK).jpg
| image_caption = Near [Havelsee](/source/Havelsee), [Germany](/source/Germany)
| taxon = Chrysopa perla
| authority = ([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae))
|synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/5d1d7bb650134bca8a97d2b7e5a5e84a Catalogue of the world]</ref>
|synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|''Aeolops perla'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
|''Aeolops viridis'' <small>(Retzius, 1783)</small>
|''Chrysopa cancellata'' <small>(Schrank, 1802)</small>
|''Chrysopa chrysops'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
|''Chrysopa divisa'' <small>Navás, 1910</small>
|''Chrysopa elongata'' <small>Lacroix, 1916</small>
|''Chrysopa fallax'' <small>Navás, 1914</small>
|''Chrysopa nigrodorsalis'' <small>Pongrácz, 1912</small>
|''Chrysopa nothochrysiformis'' <small>Lacroix, 1915</small>
|''Chrysopa reticulata'' <small>Curtis, 1834</small>
|''Cintameva nothochrysodes'' <small>Navás, 1936</small>
|''Cintameva perla'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
''Emerobius chrysops'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
|''Hemerobius cancellatus'' <small>Schrank, 1802</small>
|''Hemerobius chrysops'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
|''Hemerobius perla'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
''Hemerobius reticulatus'' <small>(Leach in Brewster, 1815)</small>
|''Hemerobius viridis'' <small>Retzius, 1783</small>
|''Osmylus chrysops'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
}}}}

'''''Chrysopa perla''''', the '''Pearly Green Lacewing''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.landscapebritain.co.uk/wildlife/pearly-green-lacewing/|title=Pearly Green Lacewing|website=Landscape Britain|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref> is an insect species belonging to the green lacewing family, [Chrysopidae](/source/Chrysopidae) (subfamily [Chrysopinae](/source/Chrysopinae)).

==Distribution==
This widespread species is present in most of [Europe](/source/Europe)<ref>[https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d14019f8-5fb1-4037-a136-32c1d85b3bff Fauna europaea] </ref> and in temperate zones of Asia.<ref name=spot/><ref name=inse/>

==Habitat==
These insects prefer cool and shady areas, mainly in deciduous woods, wet forests, woodland edges,  hedge rows, scrubby grassland and shrubs.<ref name=comm/><ref name=spot/>

==Description==
The adults reach {{convert|10|-|12|mm}} of length, with a wingspan of {{convert|25|-|30|mm}}.<ref name = inse>[http://www.insektenbox.de/sonsti/grperl.htm Insektenbox] {{in lang|de}} </ref><ref name = comm>J.K. Lindsey [http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Insects/Misc/Neuroptera/Chrysopa.perla.html Commanster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009223514/http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Insects/Misc/Neuroptera/Chrysopa.perla.html |date=2018-10-09 }}</ref> The basic coloration of the body is green. Wings are blue-green with black veins. They turn pale yellow during the winter. Several black markings are present on the head, the thorax and below the abdomen.<ref name=inse/> The second antennal segment is black.<ref name = spot>[https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/chrysopa-perla Nature Spot]</ref> This species is rather similar to ''[Chrysopa dorsalis](/source/Chrysopa_dorsalis)'', showing an oval pale spot between the eyes, which is roundish in ''C. perla''.<ref name=spot/>

==Biology==
Adults can be encountered from May through August.<ref name=comm/> They are fearsome predators, primarily feeding on aphids,<ref name=inse/> occasionally on flower nectar.<ref name=spot/>

The females usually lay eggs near aphid colonies.<ref name=inse/> Larvae are predators, mainly feeding on [Aphididae](/source/Aphididae), [Coccidae](/source/Coccidae) species and caterpillars (''[Pieris brassicae](/source/Pieris_brassicae)'', ''[Autographa gamma](/source/Autographa_gamma)'').<ref name=comm/> The adult insects hibernate in winter.<ref name=inse/>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="180">
File:Chrysopidae - Chrysopa perla-1.jpg|Dorsal view
File:Chrysopidae - Chrysopa perla.JPG|Female. Side view
File: Chrysopa.perla.wing.detail.jpg|Wing detail
File:XN Chrysopa perla 00.jpg|Eating aphids
File:Chrysopa perla.ogv|Video clip
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[{{Google books|u2X-rfgU0ewC|page=417|plainurl=yes}} Chrysopa perla] p. 417 in {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-012257305-7/50063-1 |chapter=Terrestrial Arthropod Predators of Insect and Mite Pests |title=Handbook of Biological Control |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookbiologic00fish |url-access=limited |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookbiologic00fish/page/n407 383]–503 |year=1999 |last1=Hagen |first1=K.S |last2=Mills |first2=N.J |last3=Gordh |first3=G |last4=McMurtry |first4=J.A |editor1-first=Thomas S. |editor1-last=Bellows |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Fisher |isbn=978-0-12-257305-7 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Plant |first1=Colin W. |year=1994 |title=Provisional atlas of the lacewings and allied insects (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera) of Britain and Ireland |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7445/ |isbn=978-1-870393-18-8 }}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/ee/8.6.1123 |title=Caryophyllene: An Attractant for the Green Lacewing |journal=Environmental Entomology |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1123–1125 |year=1979 |last1=Flint |first1=H. M |last2=Salter |first2=S. S |last3=Walters |first3=S }}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1023/A:1024270713493 |pmid=12921438 |title=Field Evaluation of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles as Attractants for Beneficial Insects: Methyl Salicylate and the Green Lacewing, ''Chrysopa nigricornis'' |year=2003 |last1=James |first1=David G |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=1601–1609 }}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80003-0 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibond/4/ |title=Optimal foraging in a uniform habitat: The search mechanism of the green lacewing |journal=Animal Behaviour |volume=28 |pages=10–19 |year=1980 |last1=Bond |first1=Alan B |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.11.004 |pmid=15019519 |title=Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) has no direct effect on larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) |journal=Journal of Insect Physiology |volume=50 |issue=2–3 |pages=175–183 |year=2004 |last1=Romeis |first1=Jörg |last2=Dutton |first2=Anna |last3=Bigler |first3=Franz }}
*{{cite book |title=Knowledge Encyclopedia Animal! |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-241-28964-8 |page=45 |date=2016-10-03 }}

==External links==
* [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/260543 Uniprot]
* {{Commons inline}}
* {{Wikispecies inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q775974}}

Category:Chrysopidae
Category:Insects described in 1758
Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:Neuroptera of Asia
Category:Neuroptera of Europe
Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chrysopa perla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysopa_perla) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysopa_perla?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.