# Chronoperates

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***Chronoperates*** (meaning "time wanderer" in [Greek](/source/Greek_language)) is an extinct [genus](/source/Genus) of [mammal](/source/Mammal) whose remains have been found in a late [Paleocene](/source/Paleocene) deposit in [Alberta](/source/Alberta), [Canada](/source/Canada). It is represented by the [type species](/source/Type_species) ***Chronoperates paradoxus*** and known only from a partial left lower jaw.[1] It was first identified in 1992 as a non-mammalian [cynodont](/source/Cynodont), implying a [ghost lineage](/source/Ghost_lineage) of over 100 million years since the previously youngest known record of non-mammalian cynodonts, which at that time was in the [Jurassic](/source/Jurassic) period (some non-mammalian cynodonts are now known to have persisted until the [Early Cretaceous](/source/Early_Cretaceous)). Subsequent authors have challenged this interpretation, particularly as the teeth do not resemble any known non-mammalian cynodonts. *Chronoperates* is now generally considered to be more likely to be a late-surviving [symmetrodont](/source/Symmetrodont) mammal. This would still infer a ghost lineage for symmetrodonts, but a more plausible one, as symmetrodonts persisted into the Late Cretaceous.

## References

1. Fox, Richard C.; Youzwyshyn, Gordon P.; Krause, David W. (1992). "Post-Jurassic mammal-like reptile from the Palaeocene". *Nature*. **358** (6383): 233–235. [Bibcode:1992Natur.358..233F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Natur.358..233F). [doi:10.1038/358233a0](https://doi.org/10.1038/358233a0). [PMID 1630490](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1630490). [S2CID 4241895](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4241895)

[https://darrennaish.blogspot.com/2006/05/time-wandering-cynodonts-and-docodonts.html](https://darrennaish.blogspot.com/2006/05/time-wandering-cynodonts-and-docodonts.html) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081219051716/http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/410Cynodontia/410.400.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20081219051716/http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/410Cynodontia/410.400.html)

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