# Chondrina

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***Chondrina*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of small air-breathing [land snails](/source/Land_snail), [terrestrial](/source/Terrestrial_molluscs) [pulmonate](/source/Pulmonate) [gastropod](/source/Gastropod) [mollusks](/source/Mollusc) in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Chondrinidae](/source/Chondrinidae).

All species of *Chondrina* are restricted to the West [Palaearctic](/source/Palaearctic). Centers of species diversity are found on the [Iberian Peninsula](/source/Iberian_Peninsula), in northern [Italy](/source/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Italy) and in [the Balkans](/source/The_Balkans). The species are restricted to calcareous rocks, and occur only on vertical, exposed rock faces.

## Species

There are more than 40[2] extant species in the genus *Chondrina*, with four new species described in 2010.[3]

- *[Chondrina aguilari](/source/Chondrina_aguilari)* Altimira, 1967
- *[Chondrina altimirai](/source/Chondrina_altimirai)* Gittenberger, 1973[4]
- *[Chondrina amphorula](/source/Chondrina_amphorula)* Schileyko, 1984
- *[Chondrina arcadica](/source/Chondrina_arcadica)* (Reinhardt, 1881)[4] - per AnimalBase is its synonym *[Chondrina clienta](/source/Chondrina_clienta)* (Westerlund, 1883)[4] but it is considered valid by other authors
- *[Chondrina arigonis](/source/Chondrina_arigonis)* (Rossmässler, 1859)[4]
- *[Chondrina arigonoides](/source/Chondrina_arigonoides)* Kokshoorn & Gittenberger, 2010[3]
- *[Chondrina ascendens](/source/Chondrina_ascendens)* (Westerlund, 1878)[4]
- *[Chondrina avenacea](/source/Chondrina_avenacea)* (Bruguière, 1792) - type species[4]
- *[Chondrina bergomensis](/source/Chondrina_bergomensis)* (Küster, 1850)[4]
- *[Chondrina bigorriensis](/source/Chondrina_bigorriensis)* (Des Moulins, 1835)[4]
- *[Chondrina calpica](/source/Chondrina_calpica)* (Westerlund, 1872)[4]
- *[Chondrina centralis](/source/Chondrina_centralis)* (Fagot, 1891)[4]
- *[Chondrina cliendentata](/source/Chondrina_cliendentata)* E. Gittenberger, 1973
- *[Chondrina dertosensis](/source/Chondrina_dertosensis)* (Bofill, 1886)
- *[Chondrina falkneri](/source/Chondrina_falkneri)* Gittenberger, 2002[4]
- *[Chondrina farinesii](/source/Chondrina_farinesii)* (Des Moulins, 1835)[4]
- *[Chondrina feneriensis](/source/Chondrina_feneriensis)* Bodon, Nardi, Cianfanelli & Kokshoorn, 2015
- *[Chondrina gasulli](/source/Chondrina_gasulli)* Gittenberger, 1973[4]
- *[Chondrina gavirai](/source/Chondrina_gavirai)* Ahuir & Torres, 2017
- *[Chondrina generosensis](/source/Chondrina_generosensis)* Nordsieck, 1962[4]
- *[Chondrina gerhardi](/source/Chondrina_gerhardi)* Gittenberger, 2002[4]
- *[Chondrina gomezi](/source/Chondrina_gomezi)* Ahuir & Torres, 2017
- *[Chondrina granatensis](/source/Chondrina_granatensis)* Alonso, 1974[4]
- *[Chondrina guiraonis](/source/Chondrina_guiraonis)* Pilsbry, 1918
- *[Chondrina ingae](/source/Chondrina_ingae)* Kokshoorn & Gittenberger, 2010[3]
- *[Chondrina jumillensis](/source/Chondrina_jumillensis)* (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
- *[Chondrina keltiensis](/source/Chondrina_keltiensis)* Ahuir & Torres, 2017
- *[Chondrina klemmi](/source/Chondrina_klemmi)* Gittenberger, 1973[4]
- *[Chondrina kobelti](/source/Chondrina_kobelti)* (Westerlund, 1887)[4]
- *[Chondrina kobeltoides](/source/Chondrina_kobeltoides)* Gittenberger, 1973[4]
- *[Chondrina lusitanica](/source/Chondrina_lusitanica)* (Pfeiffer, 1848)[4]
- *[Chondrina maginensis](/source/Chondrina_maginensis)* Arrébola & Gómez, 1998
- *[Chondrina marjae](/source/Chondrina_marjae)* Kokshoorn & Gittenberger, 2010[3]
- *[Chondrina marmouchana](/source/Chondrina_marmouchana)* (Pallary, 1928)[4]
- *[Chondrina massotiana](/source/Chondrina_massotiana)* (Bourguignat, 1863)
- *[Chondrina megacheilos](/source/Chondrina_megacheilos)* (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)[4]
- *[Chondrina multidentata](/source/Chondrina_multidentata)* (Strobel, 1851)[4]
- *[Chondrina oligodonta](/source/Chondrina_oligodonta)* (Del Prete, 1879)[4]
- *[Chondrina pseudavenacea](/source/Chondrina_pseudavenacea)* Kokshoorn & Gittenberger, 2010[3]
- *[Chondrina pseudoteresae](/source/Chondrina_pseudoteresae)* Ahuir & Torres, 2017
- *[Chondrina ricotensis](/source/Chondrina_ricotensis)* Gómez-Moliner & Somoza-Valdeolmillos, 2023
- *[Chondrina ripkeni](/source/Chondrina_ripkeni)* Gittenberger, 1973[4]
- *[Chondrina soleri](/source/Chondrina_soleri)* Altimira, 1960
- *[Chondrina spelta](/source/Chondrina_spelta)* (Beck, 1837)[4]
- *[Chondrina tatrica](/source/Chondrina_tatrica)* Ložek, 1948[4]
- *[Chondrina tenuimarginata](/source/Chondrina_tenuimarginata)* (Des Moulins, 1835)[4]

## References

1. [Reichenbach H. G. L.](/source/Ludwig_Reichenbach) (1828). *Zoologie oder Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs nach eigenen Ansichten bearbeitet*. Theil 1. Allgemeine Taschenbibliothek der Naturwissenschaften Theil V. Zoologie. Dresden.

1. Kokshoorn B., Schoor M. van, Erkelens I. & Gittenberger E. (2010). "Waves of dispersal in island-hopping Chondrina species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Chondrinidae)". *[Zoologischer Anzeiger](/source/Zoologischer_Anzeiger)* [doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2010.02.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2010.02.001). [PDF](http://www.baskokshoorn.nl/files/pdf/Kokshoorn_etal_2010.pdf)[dead link]

1. Kokshoorn B. & [Gittenberger E.](/source/Edmund_Gittenberger) (2010). "Chondrinidae taxonomy revisited: new synonymies, new taxa, and a checklist of species and subspecies (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". *[Zootaxa](/source/Zootaxa)* **2539**: 1-62. 22 plates. [preview](http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02539p062f.pdf).

1. ["Species in genus *Chondrina*](http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/list/species?taxongenus=311) [n=27]. [AnimalBase](/source/AnimalBase). accessed 1 August 2010.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chondrina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrina) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrina?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.