# Chionaspis

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{{Short description|Genus of true bugs}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Chionaspis salicis - inat 241129521.jpg
| image_caption = ''Chionaspis salicis'', willow scale, Belgium
| taxon = Chionaspis
| authority = [Signoret](/source/Victor_Antoine_Signoret), 1869
| display_parents = 2
}}
thumb|''Chionaspis pinifoliae'', pine needle scale, New York

'''''Chionaspis''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [scale insect](/source/scale_insect).<ref>{{EOL|22119}}</ref> In 2011 geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus ''Chionaspis''.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Gwiazdowski, Rodger A. |author2=Vea, Isabelle M. |author3=Andersen, Jeremy C. |author4=Normark, Benjamin B. |year=2011|title=Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding ''Chionaspis'' scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=104|issue=1|pages=47&ndash;62|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01716.x|doi-access=free}} [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01716.x/abstract Abstract]</ref>

==Species==
The following species are members of the genus ''Chionaspis'':<ref name=GarcíaMorales/><ref name=Normark2019/>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[Chionaspis acer](/source/Chionaspis_acer)'' <small>(Takagi & Kawai, 1966)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis acericola](/source/Chionaspis_acericola)'' <small>Hollinger, 1923</small>
* ''[Chionaspis acuta](/source/Chionaspis_acuta)'' <small>Danzig, 1936</small>
* ''[Chionaspis agonis](/source/Chionaspis_agonis)'' <small>Fuller, 1897</small>
* ''[Chionaspis agranulata](/source/Chionaspis_agranulata)'' <small>Chen, 1983</small>
* ''[Chionaspis alnus](/source/Chionaspis_alnus)'' <small>Kuwana, 1928</small> (Japanese alder scale)
* ''[Chionaspis americana](/source/Chionaspis_americana)'' <small>Johnson, 1896</small> (elm scurfy scale)
* ''[Chionaspis angusta](/source/Chionaspis_angusta)'' <small>Green, 1904</small>
* ''[Chionaspis arkhola](/source/Chionaspis_arkhola)'' <small>Takagi, 1985</small>
* ''[Chionaspis austriaca](/source/Chionaspis_austriaca)'' <small>Lindinger, 1912</small> (Austrian pine scale)
* ''[Chionaspis brachycephalon](/source/Chionaspis_brachycephalon)'' <small>Vea, 2013</small><ref name=Vea2013/>
* ''[Chionaspis broughae](/source/Chionaspis_broughae)'' <small>Williams & Watson, 1988</small>
* ''[Chionaspis cacti](/source/Chionaspis_cacti)'' <small>Kuwana & Muramatsu, 1931</small>
* ''[Chionaspis camphora](/source/Chionaspis_camphora)'' <small>(Chen, 1983)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis candida](/source/Chionaspis_candida)'' <small>Green, 1905</small>
* ''[Chionaspis caryae](/source/Chionaspis_caryae)'' <small>Cooley, 1898</small>
* ''[Chionaspis castanopsidis](/source/Chionaspis_castanopsidis)'' <small>Takagi, 1985</small>
* ''[Chionaspis caudata](/source/Chionaspis_caudata)'' <small>Vea, 2013</small><ref name=Vea2013/>
* ''[Chionaspis cinnamomicola](/source/Chionaspis_cinnamomicola)'' <small>(Takahashi, 1935)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis clematidis](/source/Chionaspis_clematidis)'' <small>Takagi, 1985</small>
* ''[Chionaspis comys](/source/Chionaspis_comys)'' <small>William & Watson, 1988</small>
* ''[Chionaspis corni](/source/Chionaspis_corni)'' <small>Cooley, 1899</small> (dogwood scale)
* ''[Chionaspis cornigera](/source/Chionaspis_cornigera)'' <small>Takagi, 1985</small>
* ''[Chionaspis discadentata](/source/Chionaspis_discadentata)'' <small>Danzig, 1976</small>
* ''[Chionaspis dryina](/source/Chionaspis_dryina)'' <small>(Ferris, 1953)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis ethelae](/source/Chionaspis_ethelae)'' <small>Fuller, 1897</small>
* ''[Chionaspis etrusca](/source/Chionaspis_etrusca)'' <small>Leonardi, 1908</small> (tamarix scale)
* ''[Chionaspis floridensis](/source/Chionaspis_floridensis)'' <small>Takagi, 1969</small> (Florida scurfy scale)
* ''[Chionaspis formosa](/source/Chionaspis_formosa)'' <small>Green, 1904</small>
* ''[Chionaspis frenchi](/source/Chionaspis_frenchi)'' <small>Green, 1915</small>
* ''[Chionaspis furfura](/source/Chionaspis_furfura)'' <small>(Fitch, 1857)</small> (scurfy scale)
* ''[Chionaspis gengmaensis](/source/Chionaspis_gengmaensis)'' <small>(Chen, 1983)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis gilli](/source/Chionaspis_gilli)'' <small>Liu & Kosztarab, 1987</small>
* ''[Chionaspis gleditsiae](/source/Chionaspis_gleditsiae)'' <small>Sanders, 1903</small> (honey locust chionaspis)
* ''[Chionaspis glutae](/source/Chionaspis_glutae)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis hamoni](/source/Chionaspis_hamoni)'' <small>Liu & Kosztarab, 1987</small>
* ''[Chionaspis heterophyllae](/source/Chionaspis_heterophyllae)'' <small>Cooley, 1897</small>
* ''[Chionaspis himalaica](/source/Chionaspis_himalaica)'' <small>Takagi, 1985</small>
* ''[Chionaspis kabyliensis](/source/Chionaspis_kabyliensis)'' <small>Balachowsky, 1930</small>
* ''[Chionaspis keravatana](/source/Chionaspis_keravatana)'' <small>Williams & Watson, 1988</small>
* ''[Chionaspis keteleeriae](/source/Chionaspis_keteleeriae)'' <small>(Ferris, 1953)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis kinabaluana](/source/Chionaspis_kinabaluana)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis kosztarabi](/source/Chionaspis_kosztarabi)'' <small>Takagi and Kawai, 1967</small> (ash scurfy scale)
* ''[Chionaspis linderae](/source/Chionaspis_linderae)'' <small>Takahashi, 1952</small>
* ''[Chionaspis lintneri](/source/Chionaspis_lintneri)'' <small>Comstock, 1883</small> (lintner scurfy scale)
* ''[Chionaspis lithocarpi](/source/Chionaspis_lithocarpi)'' <small>Takahashi, 1942</small>
* ''[Chionaspis lithocarpicola](/source/Chionaspis_lithocarpicola)'' <small>Takahashi, 1942</small>
* ''[Chionaspis lithocarporum](/source/Chionaspis_lithocarporum)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis longiloba](/source/Chionaspis_longiloba)'' <small>Cooley, 1889</small>
* ''[Chionaspis lutea](/source/Chionaspis_lutea)'' <small>Newstead, 1911</small>
* ''[Chionaspis megazygosis](/source/Chionaspis_megazygosis)'' <small>Chen, 1983</small>
* ''[Chionaspis melastomatis](/source/Chionaspis_melastomatis)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis montanoides](/source/Chionaspis_montanoides)'' <small>Tang, 1986</small>
* ''[Chionaspis nyssae](/source/Chionaspis_nyssae)'' <small>Comstock, 1881</small> (sorghum scale)
* ''[Chionaspis obclavata](/source/Chionaspis_obclavata)'' <small>Chen, 1983</small>
* ''[Chionaspis oligocera](/source/Chionaspis_oligocera)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis ortholobis](/source/Chionaspis_ortholobis)'' <small>Comstock, 1881</small>
* ''[Chionaspis osmanthi](/source/Chionaspis_osmanthi)'' <small>(Ferris, 1953)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis pinifoliae](/source/Chionaspis_pinifoliae)'' <small>(Fitch, 1856)</small> (pine needle scale)
* ''[Chionaspis platani](/source/Chionaspis_platani)'' <small>Cooley, 1889</small>
* ''[Chionaspis pogonantherae](/source/Chionaspis_pogonantherae)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis pusa](/source/Chionaspis_pusa)'' <small>Rao, 1953</small>
* ''[Chionaspis quercea](/source/Chionaspis_quercea)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis rhombifera](/source/Chionaspis_rhombifera)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis rhombiphora](/source/Chionaspis_rhombiphora)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis rotunda](/source/Chionaspis_rotunda)'' <small>(Takahashi, 1935)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis saitamaensis](/source/Chionaspis_saitamaensis)'' <small>Kuwana, 1928</small>
* ''[Chionaspis salicis](/source/Chionaspis_salicis)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (willow scale)
* ''[Chionaspis samatana](/source/Chionaspis_samatana)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis sassceri](/source/Chionaspis_sassceri)'' <small>Cockerell & Robbins, 1909</small>
* ''[Chionaspis sivapuriana](/source/Chionaspis_sivapuriana)'' <small>Takagi, 1985</small>
* ''[Chionaspis sonorae](/source/Chionaspis_sonorae)'' <small>Vea, 2013</small><ref name="Vea2013"/>
* ''[Chionaspis sozanica](/source/Chionaspis_sozanica)'' <small>Takahashi, 1933</small>
* ''[Chionaspis sterculiae](/source/Chionaspis_sterculiae)'' <small>Laing, 1932</small>
* ''[Chionaspis styracis](/source/Chionaspis_styracis)'' <small>Liu & Kosztarab, 1989</small>
* ''[Chionaspis subrotunda](/source/Chionaspis_subrotunda)'' <small>(Chen, 1983)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis tangana](/source/Chionaspis_tangana)'' <small>(Lindinger, 1910)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis torreyanae](/source/Chionaspis_torreyanae)'' <small>Vea, 2013</small><ref name="Vea2013"/>
* ''[Chionaspis triformis](/source/Chionaspis_triformis)'' <small>Tippins & Beshear, 1974</small> (birch scurfy scale)
* ''[Chionaspis trigonobalani](/source/Chionaspis_trigonobalani)'' <small>Takagi, 2019</small>
* ''[Chionaspis trochodendri](/source/Chionaspis_trochodendri)'' <small>(Takahashi, 1936)</small>
* ''[Chionaspis wistariae](/source/Chionaspis_wistariae)'' <small>Cooley, 1897</small>
* ''[Chionaspis yanagicola](/source/Chionaspis_yanagicola)'' <small>(Kuwana & Muramatsu, 1932)</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist| refs=
<ref name=Normark2019>
{{Cite journal
| title = Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera:Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)
| year = 2019
| last1 = Normark | first1 = Benjamin B.| last2 = Okusu | first2 = Akiko| last3 = Morse | first3 = Geoffrey E.| last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel A.
| last5 = Itioka | first5 = Takao| last6 = Schneider | first6 = Scott A.
| display-authors = 4
| journal = Zootaxa| volume = 4616| issue = 1
| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4616.1.1| doi-access = free
| pmid = 31716328
| url = https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4616.1.1| access-date = 2025-01-03
| url-access = subscription}}</ref>

<ref name=GarcíaMorales>
{{Cite journal
| title = ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics
| last1 = García Morales | first1 = M.| last2 =  Denno | first2 =  B. D.| last3 =  Miller | first3 =  D. R.| last4 =  Miller | first4 =  G. L.
| last5 =  Ben-Dov | first5 =  Y| last6 =  Hardy | first6 =  N. B.
| journal = Database | date = 2016 | display-authors = 4
| doi = 10.1093/database/bav118| doi-access = free
| pmid = 26861659 | pmc = 4747323 | url = http://scalenet.info/| access-date = 2024-10-19
}}</ref>

<ref name=Vea2013>{{cite journal | last1 = Vea |first1=Isabelle M.| last2 = Gwiazdowski|first2=Rodger A.| last3 = Normark |first3=Benjamin B.| year = 2013 | title = Corroborating molecular species discovery: Four new pine-feeding species of ''Chionaspis'' (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) | journal = ZooKeys | issue = 270 | pages = 37–58 | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.270.2910 | pmid=23717184 | pmc=3652468|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013ZooK..270...37V }}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10450033}}

Category:Diaspididae
Category:Sternorrhyncha genera

{{Diaspididae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chionaspis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chionaspis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chionaspis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.