# China Northern Airlines

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Chinese airline (1990–2004)

"China Northern" redirects here. For the geographical region, see [North China](/source/North_China).

China Northern Airlines 中国北方航空 China Northern Airlines Airbus A300-600R IATA ICAO Call sign CJ CBF CHINA NORTHERN Founded 16 June 1990 (1990-06-16) Ceased operations 12 November 2004 (2004-11-12) (merged into China Southern Airlines) Hubs Shenyang Secondary hubs Changchun–Dafangshen Dalian Harbin Sanya Subsidiaries Beihai Airlines China Northern Swan Airlines Fleet size 111 (2004) Destinations 152 Headquarters Shenyang, Liaoning, China Key people Zhou Yong Qian (President) Employees 8,000 (2000)

China Northern Airlines Simplified Chinese 中国北方航空公司 Traditional Chinese 中國北方航空公司 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó Běifāng Hángkōng Gōngsī Alternative Chinese name Chinese 北方航空 Literal meaning Northern Airlines Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Běifāng Hángkōng Second alternative Chinese name Chinese 北航 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Běiháng

**China Northern Airlines** ([simplified Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 中国北方航空; [traditional Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 中國北方航空; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Zhōngguó Běifāng Hángkōng*) was an airline headquartered on the grounds of [Shenyang Taoxian International Airport](/source/Shenyang_Taoxian_International_Airport), [Shenyang](/source/Shenyang), [Liaoning](/source/Liaoning), [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China).[1] Established on June 16, 1990, it was one of the six backbone airlines directly under the [Civil Aviation Administration of China](/source/Civil_Aviation_Administration_of_China).

Besides Shenyang, it also had four other hubs at [Changchun Dafangshen Airport](/source/Changchun_Dafangshen_Airport), [Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport](/source/Dalian_Zhoushuizi_International_Airport), [Harbin Taiping International Airport](/source/Harbin_Taiping_International_Airport) and [Sanya Phoenix International Airport](/source/Sanya_Phoenix_International_Airport).[2]

It was one of six major airline corporations that were formed as a result of the breakup of [CAAC](/source/CAAC_(airline)). It initially operated a fleet of [Airbus A300-600R](/source/Airbus_A300-600R), [MD-80](/source/McDonnell-Douglas_MD-80), [MD-90-30](/source/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90-30) and, later, [Airbus A321-200](/source/Airbus_A321-200) aircraft. It operated predominantly domestic destinations and also to North Korea, South Korea and Japan.[2]

## History

China Northern Airlines was established on 16 June 1990. In 1994, China Northern Airlines decided to purchase 11 [McDonnell Douglas MD-90](/source/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90) aircraft, whilst passing down some of their older [McDonnell Douglas MD-82](/source/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82) to smaller airlines like its subsidiary, [Beihai Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beihai_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1).[3] By 1997, China Northern had increased the number ordered to 13.[4] In 1997, the airline relocated its training center from the [United States](/source/United_States) to the new Kunming Training Centre.[5] In 1998, China Northern was China's 5th largest airline in terms of passenger traffic, and had a load factor of 55.1%.[6] In 1999, it was announced that [Britten-Norman](/source/Britten-Norman) would resurrect the [Britten-Norman Trislander](/source/Britten-Norman_Trislander) after China Northern placed an order for 3 aircraft, scheduled to be delivered between September 2000 and January 2001. This was done to replace the airline's aging [Harbin Y-5](/source/Harbin_Y-5) biplanes for regional services.[7] By the end of 1999, the airline had reached a total cargo rotation volume of 4882 million ton/km. Around this time, it was said that [China Eastern Airlines](/source/China_Eastern_Airlines) was considering acquiring China Northern Airlines, along with [China Northwest Airlines](/source/China_Northwest_Airlines).[8]

In 2000, it was announced that China Northern signed a deal with [Airbus](/source/Airbus) for ten [Airbus A321](/source/Airbus_A321) aircraft.[9] In November 2000, China Northern and [Angel Air](/source/Angel_Air) formed a partnership which involved [wet leasing](/source/Wet_lease) 3 [Airbus A300-600R](/source/Airbus_A300-600R) from China Northern to Angel Air, and a possible joint marketing agreement. The wet lease was scheduled to last for 3–5 years.[10] By the end of 2000, reports by China's official press outlined a draft plan for a wave of airline consolidations in China, which included the acquisition of China Northern Airlines by [China Southern Airlines](/source/China_Southern_Airlines). This came after years of pressure by the CAAC to consolidate many of China's airlines into China's 3 largest airlines ([Air China](/source/Air_China), [China Eastern Airlines](/source/China_Eastern_Airlines) and China Southern Airlines) to eradicate unnecessary competition.[11] On 3 January 2002, Angel Air announced it would halt all services on 5 January, and that the partnership with China Northern would end.[12]

In October 2002, China's state council approved the takeover of China Northern Airlines and [China Xinjiang Airlines](/source/China_Xinjiang_Airlines) by [China Southern Airlines](/source/China_Southern_Airlines). By January 2003, both airlines began operating China Southern's IATA code "CZ" for all domestic flights, with international flights to follow by 30 March 2003.[13] At that time, both airlines had their frequent flyer programs merge into Sky Pearl Club.[13] Whilst operating under the China Southern Airlines brand, it was reported that China Northern was to order 23 [Airbus A320 family](/source/Airbus_A320_family) aircraft to replace its aging MD-80 and MD-90 aircraft. By the September 2004, the airline had already taken delivery of 4 [Airbus A319](/source/Airbus_A319) aircraft.[14] China Northern later fully merged into [China Southern Airlines](/source/China_Southern_Airlines) by the end of 2004.[15]

## Destinations

Tarmac view of [Changchun Dafangshen Airport](/source/Changchun_Dafangshen_Airport), one of China Northern's hubs

The following is an incomplete list of destinations served by China Northern Airlines:[2][16]

Country City Airport Notes China Beijing Beijing Capital International Airport Changchun Changchun Dafangshen Airport Hub Changsha Changsha Huanghua International Airport Changzhou Changzhou Benniu International Airport Chaoyang Chaoyang Airport Chengdu Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport Chifeng Chifeng Yulong Airport Chongqing Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport Dalian Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport Hub Fuzhou Fuzhou Changle International Airport Fuzhou Yixu Airport Airport closed Guangzhou Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guilin Guilin Liangjiang International Airport Guilin Qifengling Airport Airport closed Guiyang Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport Haikou Haikou Dayingshan Airport Airport closed Haikou Meilan International Airport Hangzhou Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport Harbin Harbin Taiping International Airport Hub Hefei Hefei Luogang Airport Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport Kai Tak Airport Airport closed Jinan Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport Jinan Zhangzhuang Airport Airport closed Kunming Kunming Wujiaba International Airport Lianyungang Lianyungang Baitabu Airport Macau Macau International Airport[17] Nanjing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport Nanjing Lukou International Airport Ningbo Ningbo Lishe International Airport Qingdao Qingdao Liuting International Airport Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Airport Sanya Sanya Phoenix International Airport Hub Shanghai Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport Shanghai Pudong International Airport Shantou Shantou Waisha Airport Shenyang Shenyang Taoxian International Airport Hub Shenzhen Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport Weifang Weifang Airport Wenzhou Wenzhou Longwan International Airport Wuhan Wuhan Tianhe International Airport Wuhan Wangjiadun Airport Airport closed Xi'an Xi'an Xianyang International Airport Xiamen Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport Yanji Yanji Chaoyangchuan International Airport Yantai Yantai Laishan Airport Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Dongjiao Airport Airport closed Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport Zhuhai Zhuhai Jinwan Airport Japan Osaka Kansai International Airport Sapporo New Chitose Airport Toyama Toyama Airport Niigata Niigata Airport[18] South Korea Seoul Gimpo International Airport Russia Irkutsk International Airport Irkutsk Khabarovsk Khabarovsk Novy Airport Vladivostok Vladivostok International Airport

### Partner airlines

Zhongyuan Airlines had established partnerships with the following airlines:[2]

- [Angel Air](/source/Angel_Air)

- [Korean Air](/source/Korean_Air)

## Fleet

### Final fleet

China Northern [Airbus A300-600R](/source/Airbus_A300-600R)

China Northern [Airbus A321-200](/source/Airbus_A321-200)

China Northern [MD-82](/source/MD-82)

China Northern [MD-90-32](/source/MD-90)

China Northern [Mil Mi-8P](/source/Mil_Mi-8P)

China Northern [Xian Y-7-100](/source/Xian_Y-7)

China Northern [Yunshuji Y-5](/source/Antonov_An-2#Chinese_variants)

At the time of merger, China Northern Airlines fleet consisted of:[19][20]

Aircraft In service Orders Notes Airbus A300-600R 6 — Airbus A319-100 4 7 Operated under China Southern Airlines brand[14] Airbus A321-200 6 4 Orders transferred to China Southern Airlines Cessna 208 Caravan 5 — Used for agricultural support and passenger services[21] McDonnell Douglas MD-82 23 — McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 13 — Xi'an MA60 — 5 [22] Xian Y-7-100 10 — Yunshuji Y-5 44 — Total 111 16

### Fleet history

Throughout the airline's history, the airline had operated:[19][20]

Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes Airbus A300-600R 8 1993 2004 Airbus A319-100 4 2004 2004 Operated under China Southern Airlines brand[14] Airbus A321-200 6 2001 2004 Cessna 208 Caravan 5 2002 Unknown McDonnell Douglas MD-82 27 1990 2004 McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 13 1996 2004 Xian Y-7-100 11 1990 2004 Yunshuji Y-5 Unknown Unknown Unknown

China Northern Airlines also operated a [helicopter](/source/Helicopter) fleet.[20]

## Subsidiaries

### China Northern Swan Airlines

**China Northern Swan Airlines** was founded in 1993 as **Swan Airlines** by the company Sunbase.[23] The airline was based at [Harbin Taiping International Airport](/source/Harbin_Taiping_International_Airport), [Harbin](/source/Harbin).[24] In 1996, the airline was acquired by China Northern Airlines, and by 2001, flew to 45 medium to large-sized cities both domestically and internationally.[25][2][24] It operated [McDonnell Douglas MD-80s](/source/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80) and [McDonnell Douglas MD-90s](/source/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90) leased from China Northern Airlines, it was acquired by [China Southern Airlines](/source/China_Southern_Airlines) in 2003 followed by [Beiha Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beiha_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1), China Northern Airlines, and [Zhongyuan Airlines](/source/Zhongyuan_Airlines).[26][24]

## Services

### Frequent flyer program

Sky Pearl Club was China Northern Airlines' frequent flyer program from 2002 when it was acquired by [China Southern Airlines](/source/China_Southern_Airlines).[13]

## Accidents

- On November 13, 1993, [China Northern Airlines Flight 6901](/source/China_Northern_Airlines_Flight_6901) from [Beijing](/source/Beijing) to [Urumqi](/source/Urumqi), a [McDonnell-Douglas](/source/McDonnell-Douglas) [MD-82](/source/MD-82) (Reg. B-2141) airliner, crashed on approach to Urumqi airport, killing 12 of 102 on board. Pilot error was blamed for the crash.

- On May 7, 2002, [China Northern Airlines Flight 6136](/source/China_Northern_Airlines_Flight_6136) from [Beijing](/source/Beijing) to [Dalian](/source/Dalian), a [McDonnell-Douglas](/source/McDonnell-Douglas) [MD-82](/source/MD-82) (Reg. B-2138) airliner, crashed into the [Yellow Sea](/source/Yellow_Sea) about 6 miles (9.7 km) off the [Dalian](/source/Dalian) coast, killing all 112 on board. It was later determined that a passenger who wanted to commit suicide started a fire on board the aircraft.[27][28]

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## External links

- [China portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:China)
- [Companies portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Companies)
- [Aviation portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [China Northern Airlines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:China_Northern_Airlines).

- [China Northern Airlines](https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.cna.com.cn/Eng/index-en.html) (Archive)

- [China Northern Airlines](https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.cna.com.cn) (Archive) (in Chinese)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [China Northern Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Northern_Airlines) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Northern_Airlines?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.