# Chillum

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{{Short description|Conical pipe used to smoke marijuana}}
{{other uses}}

thumb|right|An Italian-made chillum
[[File:Chillam.JPG|thumb|Traditional earthen chillum displayed for sale at Chawk Bazaar [Jorhat](/source/Jorhat), [Assam](/source/Assam)]]

A '''chillum''', or '''chilam''', or '''sulpa''' is a straight conical [smoking pipe](/source/smoking_pipe) traditionally made of either clay or a soft stone (such as [steatite](/source/Soapstone) or [catlinite](/source/catlinite)). It is used popularly in [Nepal](/source/Nepal) and [India](/source/India) to smoke [marijuana](/source/marijuana).<ref>[http://www.trocadero.com/paha/items/495809/item495809store.html A bidri chillum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055757/http://www.trocadero.com/paha/items/495809/item495809store.html |date=2016-03-05 }},</ref><ref>Dolf Hartsuiker.  John van Zijl of Plumstead, South Africa was the first person to smoke from a marble chillum. [http://www.adolphus.nl/sadhus/stories/holysmoke.html Holy Smoke] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011184141/http://adolphus.nl/sadhus/stories/holysmoke.html |date=2007-10-11 }}  ince last 5000 years by ''Sadhus, Nagas and Yogis of India''</ref> A small stone is often used as a stopper in the stem. The style of pipe spread to Africa, and has been known in the Americas since the 1960s. A chillum pipe is used in [Rastafari](/source/Rastafari) rituals.

==History==
According to [Alfred Dunhill](/source/Alfred_Dunhill), Africans have long employed chillum-style pipes for smoking [cannabis](/source/cannabis_(drug)) and later tobacco. Gourds and various horns were often employed while conical bowls were common in [Uganda](/source/Uganda). One of the more famous pipes is an ivory cone pipe once belonging to [Buganda](/source/Buganda) monarch [King Mtesa](/source/Muteesa_I_of_Buganda).<ref name="dunhill">{{cite book|last1=Dunhill|first1=Alfred|title=The Pipe Book|date=1924|publisher=A. & C. Black|location=London}}</ref>

More recently, it has also seen use in sacraments by [Rastafari](/source/Rastafari_movement).<ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20020224/arts/arts1.html Spotlight on Rastafarian sects] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214125910/http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20020224/arts/arts1.html |date=2008-02-14 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030427/ent/ent3.html 'Rasta in Transition' launched at Livity Restaurant ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114102815/http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030427/ent/ent3.html |date=2009-01-14 }}</ref>

==Rastafari ceremony==
In [Rastafarian](/source/Rastafarian) meetings called "reasoning sessions" and during [Grounation Day](/source/Grounation_Day) celebrations, a chillum is used. It is made of a cow's horn or conical wood piece, fitted with a long drawtube giving the smoke time to cool before inhalation. A [bong](/source/bong)-like chillum equipped with a water filtration chamber is sometimes referred to as a [chalice](/source/Chalice_(pipe)). Rastafaris offer thanks and praises to God (referred to as [Jah](/source/Jah) in Rastafari) before [smoking](/source/cannabis_smoking) the chillum.<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_spirit1.shtml The Rastafarians by Leonard E. Barrett 1988]</ref>

==See also==
* [Spiritual use of cannabis](/source/Spiritual_use_of_cannabis)
* [Smoking pipe (non-tobacco)](/source/Smoking_pipe_(non-tobacco))
* [Hookah](/source/Hookah)
* [Bong](/source/Bong)
* [One-hitter (smoking)](/source/One-hitter_(smoking))

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Wiktionary|चिलम}}

{{Cannabis resources}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chillum (Pipe)}}
Category:Culture of India
Category:Cannabis smoking
Category:Cannabis in India
Category:Cannabis and religion
Category:Drug paraphernalia
Category:Pipe smoking
Category:Tobacco in India
Category:Desi culture

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chillum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chillum) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chillum?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.