# Chicago Inter Ocean > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chicago_Inter_Ocean > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chicago_Inter_Ocean.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Inter_Ocean > Source revision: 1348627743 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) The ***Chicago Inter Ocean***, also known as the ***Chicago Inter-Ocean***, is the name used for most of its history by a newspaper published in [Chicago, Illinois](/source/Chicago,_Illinois), from 1865 until 1914. Its editors included [Charles A. Dana](/source/Charles_Anderson_Dana) and [Byron Andrews](/source/Byron_Andrews). ## History ### Founding The paper can be traced to 1865 with the founding of the *Chicago Republican*, a newspaper supporting the [Republican party](/source/Republican_party_(United_States)). [Jacob Bunn](/source/Jacob_Bunn), a prominent Illinois financier and industrialist, was the principal founder, and at one time the sole owner, of the Chicago Republican Company; he cooperated with several other Illinois financiers to establish the *Republican*. After both success and the chaos of the 1871 [Chicago Fire](/source/1871_Great_Chicago_Fire), the paper was relaunched in 1872 as the Chicago-based *Inter Ocean*, intended to appeal to upscale readers. [William Penn Nixon](/source/William_Penn_Nixon) became president and editor-in-chief of the *Inter Ocean* in 1876 and remained until his death in 1912. ### Growth With the building of [transcontinental railroads](/source/Transcontinental_railroad), it was possible to deliver periodical newspapers by [mail](/source/Mail) throughout the central and western U.S. The *Inter Ocean* developed a family of semi-weekly, weekly and Sunday editions that were intended to become a definitive source of news for businesspeople throughout the American West, and in fact fulfilled that role for several decades. The growth of [linotype](/source/Linotype_machine) newspapers printed on inexpensive [newsprint](/source/Newsprint) in the 1890s led to another upheaval in the newspaper industry. Many non-Chicago subscribers to the *Inter Ocean* no longer needed the weekly paper and dropped their subscriptions. The weakened paper fell in 1895 into the hands of [Charles Yerkes](/source/Charles_Yerkes), the notorious Chicago streetcar boss, who returned the newspaper to the partisan, subordinate role it had fulfilled in its youth.[1] [George Wheeler Hinman](/source/George_Wheeler_Hinman) bought a controlling interest in the paper in 1906 and sold it to [H. H. Kohlsaat](/source/H._H._Kohlsaat) in 1912.[2] It published books about the [Chicago Centennial](/source/Chicago_Centennial).[3] ### Demise The paper stopped publication in 1914.[4] Hinman bought back the paper at a receiver's sale in May 1914 (which came about because Kolhsaat had failed to pay the balance owed on a note used to purchase the paper) and immediately sold it to [James Keeley](/source/James_Keeley), then general manager of the *[Chicago Tribune](/source/Chicago_Tribune)*, who also bought the *[Chicago Record Herald](/source/Chicago_Record_Herald)* at the same time.[5] Readers decided that Keeley's new consolidated newspaper should be named *The Chicago Herald*, which name it held until it was bought by [William Randolph Hearst](/source/William_Randolph_Hearst)'s *Chicago Examiner* in 1918. This further consolidation created the *[Chicago Herald-Examiner](/source/Chicago_American)*.[6][7] ### Locations The *Inter Ocean* was published in four locations during its existence. From 1873 to 1880, it stood at 119 Lake Street, under the old Chicago street numbering. From 1880 to 1890 it stood at 85 West Madison.[8] In 1889 [Adler & Sullivan](/source/Adler_%26_Sullivan) designed a steel-framed building to be constructed on the small lot at the NWC of Madison and Dearborn, connected to the adjoining five-story Dearborn Building (1872–73) that sat behind, and with a distinctive corner clock-spire. The spire was removed sometime before the building’s demolition. The Inter-Ocean Building was converted into the Hotel Grant around 1895, when the *Inter-Ocean* newspaper was sold to traction magnate [Charles Yerkes](/source/Charles_Yerkes). The Grant was considered a second-class hotel. That building was razed in either 1940 or 1941. The paper's final home was a three-story headquarters built at 57 W. Monroe, completed in 1901 to designs by [William Carbys Zimmerman](/source/William_Carbys_Zimmerman). This building ultimately became the Monroe Theater, which was razed in 1977. ## Notable people - [Eunice Gibbs Allyn](/source/Eunice_Gibbs_Allyn) - [Alice Hobbins Porter](/source/Alice_Hobbins_Porter) - [H. T. Webster](/source/H._T._Webster) ## References 1. ["Newspapers"](http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/889.html). *Encyclopedia of Chicago*. Retrieved July 16, 2008. 1. ["Kohlsaat Buys Inter Ocean"](https://www.nytimes.com/1912/10/10/archives/kohlsaat-buys-interocean-hinman-said-to-have-made-a-million-in.html), *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*, October 10, 1912. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 1. ["Centennial History of the City of Chicago"](https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/oca/Books2007-06/centennialhistor00inte/centennialhistor00inte.pdf). *[The Chicago Inter Ocean](/source/The_Chicago_Inter_Ocean)*. Chicago, Illinois: PRESS OF THE BLAKELY PRINTING COMPANY. 1905. 1. ["Time Regained: The Chicago Inter Ocean Building"](https://arcchicago.blogspot.com/2008/06/time-regained-chicago-inter-ocean.html), *ArchitectureChicago Plus*, June 10, 2008. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 1. (May 8, 1914). ["Big Change in Chicago Press"](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4HpfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yy8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=4871,3143740&dq=), *[Lewiston Morning Tribune](/source/Lewiston_Morning_Tribune)*. 1. (June 14, 1914). ["It's the Chicago Herald"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/06/14/100319924.pdf), *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)* 1. (1 May 1918). ["Chicago Herald Is Sold"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/05/01/102698155.pdf), *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. 1. William H. Busbey (1900). ["History of the Chicago Inter Ocean"](https://books.google.com/books?id=9pItAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA239). *Discovery and Conquests of the North-west, with the History of Chicago, Volume 2*. p. 239. --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chicago Inter Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Inter_Ocean) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Inter_Ocean?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.