# Chevrotain > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chevrotain > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chevrotain.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrotain > Source revision: 1354819532 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Family of mammals belonging to even-toed ungulates}} {{About|the deer|the French commune|Chevrotaine}} {{Distinguish|Chevrotin|Deer mouse}} {{Redirect|Kancil|the car|Perodua Kancil}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Chevrotain | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Eocene | Present}} | image = Mouse-deer_Singapore_Zoo_2012.JPG | image_caption = Lesser mouse-deer
(''Tragulus kanchil'') | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Tragulidae | authority = [H. Milne-Edwards](/source/Henri_Milne-Edwards), 1864 | type_genus = ''[Tragulus](/source/Tragulus)'' | type_genus_authority = [Brisson](/source/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson), 1762 | subdivision_ranks = [Genera](/source/Genus) | subdivision = * ''[Hyemoschus](/source/Hyemoschus)'' * ''[Moschiola](/source/Moschiola)'' * ''[Tragulus](/source/Tragulus)'' | range_map = File:Tragulidae distribution.png | range_map_caption = Tragulidae distribution
''Hyemoschus'' in blue, ''Moschiola'' in red, and ''Tragulus'' in green }} '''Chevrotains''', or '''mouse-deer''', are small, [even-toed ungulate](/source/even-toed_ungulate)s that make up the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) '''Tragulidae''', and are the only living members of the [infraorder](/source/infraorder) [Tragulina](/source/Tragulina). The 10 [extant](/source/extant_taxon) species are placed in three genera,{{MSW3|id=14200123}}{{cite journal |author1=Groves, C. |author2=Meijaard, E. |year=2005 |title=Intraspecific variation in Moschiola, the Indian chevrotain |journal=The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=Supplement 12 |pages=413–421}} but several species also are known only from [fossil](/source/fossil)s.{{cite journal |author1=Farooq, U. |author2=Khan, M.A. |author3=Akhtar, M. |author4=Khan, A.M. |year=2008 |url=http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-08-32-1/zoo-32-1-14-0612-5.pdf |title=Lower dentition of Dorcatherium majus (Tragulidae, Mammalia) in the Lower and Middle Siwaliks (Miocene) of Pakistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928075033/http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-08-32-1/zoo-32-1-14-0612-5.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |journal=Tur. J. Zool. |volume=32 |pages=91–98}} The extant species are found in forests in South and Southeast Asia; a single species, the [water chevrotain](/source/water_chevrotain), is found in the rainforests of [Central](/source/Central_Africa) and [West Africa](/source/West_Africa).{{cite book |editor=Nowak, R.M. |year=1999 |title=Walker's Mammals of the World |edition=6th |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |place=Baltimore, MD}} In November 2019, conservation scientists announced that they had photographed [silver-backed chevrotain](/source/Tragulus_versicolor)s (''Tragulus versicolor'') in a Vietnamese forest for the first time since the last confirmed sightings in 1990.{{cite web |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |title=Silver-Backed Chevrotain, with Fangs and Hooves, Photographed In Wild for First Time |website=NPR |date=11 November 2019 |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/11/11/778312670/silver-backed-chevrotain-with-fangs-and-hooves-photographed-in-wild-for-first-ti |publisher=NPR.org |access-date=12 November 2019}}{{cite news |last1=Nguyen |first1=An |title=Camera-trap evidence that the silver-backed chevrotain Tragulus versicolor remains in the wild in Vietnam |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-1027-7 |publisher=Nature.com |date=11 November 2019 |access-date=12 November 2019}}{{cite web|title=Tiny deer-like animal spotted after 25 years|website=CNN|date=11 Nov 2019|format=Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2019/11/11/mouse-deer-vietnam-rediscovered-orig-na-cz.cnn}} They are [solitary](/source/solitary_animal), or live in loose groupings or pairs, and feed almost exclusively on plant material. Chevrotains are the smallest [hoof](/source/hoof)ed mammals in the world. The Asian species weigh between {{convert|1|-|4|kg|lb|frac=2|abbr=on}}, while the African chevrotain is considerably larger, at {{convert|7|-|16|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |website=Ultimate Ungulate |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Hyemoschus_aquaticus.html |title=''Hyemoschus aquaticus'' |access-date=12 October 2010}} With an average length of {{Convert|45|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} and an average height of {{Convert|30|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, the [Java mouse-deer](/source/Java_mouse-deer) is the smallest surviving ungulate (hoofed) mammal, as well as the smallest artiodactyl (even-toed ungulate).{{cite journal|last1=Fukuta|first1=K.|last2=Kudo|first2=H|last3=Jalaludin|first3=S.|year=1996|title=Unique pits on the erythrocytes of the lesser mouse-deer, Tragulus javanicus|journal=Journal of Anatomy|volume=189|issue=1|pages=211–213|pmc=1167845|pmid=8771414}} Despite their common name of "mouse-deer", they are not closely related to true deer, hence the orthographic distinction by means of the hyphen. == Etymology == The word "chevrotain" comes from the Middle French word ''chevrot'' (kid or fawn), derived from ''chèvre'' (goat).{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Chevrotain|access-date=15 December 2019}} The single African species is consistently known as "chevrotain".{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2016 |title=''Hyemoschus aquaticus'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T10341A50188841 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T10341A50188841.en |access-date=13 November 2021}} The names "chevrotain" and "mouse-deer" have been used interchangeably among the Asian species,{{cite iucn |author=Duckworth, J.W. |author2=Timmins, R. |date=2015 |title=''Moschiola indica'' |volume=2015 |article-number=e.T136585A61979067 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136585A61979067.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}{{cite iucn |author=Duckworth, J.W. |author2=Timmins, R. |date=2015 |title=''Moschiola kathygre'' |volume=2015 |article-number=e.T136799A61979620 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136799A61979620.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}{{cite iucn |author=Duckworth, J.W. |author2=Timmins, R. |date=2015 |title=''Moschiola meminna'' |volume=2015 |article-number=e.T41779A73575223 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41779A73575223.en |access-date=13 November 2021}} though recent authorities typically have preferred chevrotain for the species in the genus ''[Moschiola](/source/Moschiola)'' and mouse-deer for the species in the genus ''[Tragulus](/source/Tragulus)''. Consequently, all species with pale-spotted or -striped upper parts are known as "chevrotain" and without are known as "mouse-deer". The [Telugu](/source/Telugu_language) name for the [Indian spotted chevrotain](/source/Indian_spotted_chevrotain) is ''jarini pandi'', which literally means "a deer and a pig".{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The [Tamil](/source/Tamil_language) term is {{lang|ta|சருகு மான்}} ''sarukumāṉ'' "leaf-pile deer". The [Sinhala](/source/Sinhala_language) name {{transliteration|si|meeminna}} roughly translates to "mouse-like deer". This was used in the scientific name of the [Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain](/source/Sri_Lankan_spotted_chevrotain), ''M. meminna''. ==Biology== The family was widespread and successful from the [Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) (34 million years ago) through the [Miocene](/source/Miocene) (about 5 million years ago), but has remained almost unchanged over that time and remains as an example of an archaic [ruminant](/source/ruminant) type. They have four-chambered stomachs to ferment tough plant foods, but the [third chamber](/source/omasum) is poorly developed. Unlike other artiodactyls, they lack an [carotid rete](/source/carotid_rete),{{cite journal |last1=Fukuta |first1=Katsuhiro |last2=Kudo |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Sasaki |first3=Motoki |last4=Kimura |first4=Junpei |last5=Ismail |first5=Dahlan bin |last6=Endo |first6=Hideki |date=2007 |title=Absence of carotid rete mirabile in small tropical ruminants: implications for the evolution of the arterial system in artiodactyls |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=210 |issue=1 |pages=112–116 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00667.x |pmid=17229288 |issn=0021-8782|pmc=2100259 }} and so cannot heat exchange cool blood entering their brains, a thermoregulatory innovation that allows other artiodactyls to exploit hot arid habitats.{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=G |last2=Lust |first2=A |date=2008-08-23 |title=The carotid rete and artiodactyl success |journal=Biology Letters |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=415–418 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2008.0138 |issn=1744-9561 |pmc=2610139 |pmid=18426746}} Though most species feed exclusively on plant material, the [water chevrotain](/source/water_chevrotain) occasionally takes insects and crabs or [scavenge](/source/scavenge)s meat and fish.{{cite book |author-link=Jonathan Kingdon |author=Kingdon, J. |year=1997 |title=The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=0-12-408355-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }} Like other ruminants, they lack upper [incisor](/source/incisor)s. They give birth to only a single young. In other respects, however, they have primitive features, closer to nonruminants such as pigs. All species in the family lack antlers and horns, but both sexes have elongated [canine teeth](/source/canine_teeth). These are especially prominent in males, where they project out on either side of the lower jaw, and are used in fights. Their legs are short and thin, which leave them lacking in agility, but also helps to maintain a smaller profile to aid in running through the dense foliage of their environments. Other pig-like features include the presence of four toes on each foot, the absence of facial [scent gland](/source/scent_gland)s, [premolar](/source/premolar)s with sharp crowns, and the form of their [sexual behaviour](/source/animal_sexual_behavior) and [copulation](/source/copulation_(zoology)).{{cite book|author=Valerius Geist|title=Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bcWZX-IMEVkC|year=1998|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-0496-0}}{{cite book |editor=Macdonald, D. |author=Dubost, G. |year=1984 |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0/page/516 516–517] |isbn=978-0-87196-871-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0/page/516 }} [[Image:Rare mating photograph of 'Mouse Deers' at Singapore Zoo(23-10-07).JPG|thumb|Mating [mouse-deer](/source/Tragulus)]] They are solitary or live in pairs. The young are [weaned](/source/weaning) at three months of age, and reach sexual maturity between 5 and 10 months, depending on species. Parental care is relatively limited. Although they lack the types of scent glands found in most other ruminants, they do possess a chin gland for marking each other as mates or antagonists, and, in the case of the water chevrotain, anal and [preputial glands](/source/preputial_glands) for [marking territory](/source/territorial_marking). Their territories are relatively small, on the order of {{convert|13|–|24|ha}}, but neighbors generally ignore each other, rather than compete aggressively. Some of the species show a remarkable affinity with water, often remaining submerged for prolonged periods to evade predators or other unwelcome intrusions. This has also lent support to the idea that [whales evolved](/source/Evolution_of_cetaceans) from water-loving creatures that looked like small deer.{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8137000/8137922.stm |last=Walker |first=M. |work=BBC News |title=Aquatic deer and ancient whales |date=2009-07-07 |access-date=2010-03-26 |df=dmy-all}}{{cite journal |last1=Meijaard |first1=E. |last2=Umilaela |last3=de Silva Wijeyeratne |first3=G. |title=Aquatic escape behaviour in mouse-deer provides insight into tragulid evolution |journal=Mammalian Biology |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=471–473 |date=September 2010 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2009.05.007|bibcode=2010MamBi..75..471M }} ==Taxonomy== Tragulidae's placement within [Artiodactyla](/source/Artiodactyla) can be represented in the following [cladogram](/source/cladogram):{{cite journal|year=2006|title=A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals|journal=BMC Evol Biol|volume=6|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-6-93|pmc=1654192|pmid=17101039|last= Beck|first= N.R.|page=93 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal|last1= O'Leary|first1= M.A.|last2= Bloch|first2= J.I.|last3= Flynn|first3= J.J.|last4= Gaudin|first4= T.J.|last5= Giallombardo|first5= A.|last6= Giannini|first6= N.P.|last7= Goldberg|first7= S.L.|last8= Kraatz|first8= B.P.|last9= Luo|first9= Z.-X.|last10= Meng|first10= J.|last11= Ni|first11= X.|last12= Novacek|first12= M.J.|last13= Perini|first13= F.A.|last14= Randall|first14= Z.S.|last15= Rougier|first15= G.W.|last16= Sargis|first16= E.J.|last17= Silcox|first17= M.T.|last18= Simmons|first18= N.B.|last19= Spaulding|first19= M.|last20= Velazco|first20= P.M.|last21= Weksler|first21= M.|last22= Wible|first22= J.R.|last23= Cirranello|first23= A.L.|title= The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post-K-Pg Radiation of Placentals|journal= Science|volume= 339|issue= 6120|year= 2013|pages= 662–667|doi= 10.1126/science.1229237|pmid= 23393258|bibcode= 2013Sci...339..662O|s2cid= 206544776|hdl= 11336/7302|hdl-access= free}}{{cite journal|last1= Song|first1= S.|last2= Liu|first2= L.|last3= Edwards|first3= S.V.|last4= Wu|first4= S.|title= Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume= 109|issue= 37|year= 2012|pages= 14942–14947|doi= 10.1073/pnas.1211733109|pmid= 22930817|pmc= 3443116|bibcode= 2012PNAS..10914942S|doi-access= free}}{{cite journal|last1=dos Reis|first1= M.|last2= Inoue|first2= J.|last3= Hasegawa|first3= M.|last4= Asher|first4= R.J.|last5= Donoghue|first5= P.C.J.|last6= Yang|first6= Z.|title= Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny|journal= Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume= 279|issue= 1742|year= 2012|pages= 3491–3500|doi= 10.1098/rspb.2012.0683|pmid= 22628470|pmc= 3396900|doi-access= free}}{{cite journal|last1= Upham|first1= N.S.|last2= Esselstyn|first2= J.A.|last3= Jetz|first3= W.|title= Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation|journal= PLOS Biology|volume= 17|issue= 12|year= 2019|article-number= e3000494|doi= 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494|pmid= 31800571|pmc= 6892540|doi-access= free}}(see e.g. Fig S10) {{Clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:100% |label1=[Artiodactyla](/source/Artiodactyla) |1={{Clade |1=[Tylopoda](/source/Tylopoda) (camels)50 px |label2=[Artiofabula](/source/Artiofabula) |2={{Clade |1=[Suina](/source/Suina) (pigs)50 px |label2=[Cetruminantia](/source/Cetruminantia) |2={{Clade |label1=[Ruminantia](/source/Ruminantia) (ruminants) |1={{Clade |1='''Tragulidae''' (mouse-deer)50 px |2=[Pecora](/source/Pecora) (horn bearers)50 px }} |label2=[Cetancodonta](/source/Cetancodonta)/[Whippomorpha](/source/Whippomorpha) |2={{Clade |1=[Hippopotamidae](/source/Hippopotamidae) (hippopotamuses)50 px |2=[Cetacea](/source/Cetacea) (whales)50 px }} }} }} }} }} Traditionally, only four [extant](/source/Extant_taxon) species were recognized in the family Tragulidae. In 2004, ''T. nigricans'' and ''T. versicolor'' were [split](/source/Lumpers_and_splitters) from ''T. napu'', and ''T. kanchil'' and ''T. williamsoni'' were split from ''T. javanicus''.{{cite journal |author1=Meijaard, I. |author2=Groves, C.P. |year=2004 |title=A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=140 |pages=63–102|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00091.x |doi-access=free }} In 2005, ''M. indica'' and ''M. kathygre'' were split from ''M. meminna''. With these changes, the 10 extant species are: thumb|Indian spotted chevrotain thumb|''Tragulus'' sp.{{efn|Changing taxonomy in the genus Tragulus make exact species identification uncertain, but either ''T. javanicus'' or ''T. kanchil''. Note also the contradicting English and scientific names on the sign on the photo.}} * '''Family Tragulidae''' ** Genus ''[Hyemoschus](/source/Hyemoschus)'' *** [Water chevrotain](/source/Water_chevrotain), ''Hyemoschus aquaticus'' ** Genus ''[Moschiola](/source/Moschiola)'' *** [Indian spotted chevrotain](/source/Indian_spotted_chevrotain), ''Moschiola indica'' *** [Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain](/source/Sri_Lankan_spotted_chevrotain), ''Moschiola meminna'' *** [Yellow-striped chevrotain](/source/Yellow-striped_chevrotain), ''Moschiola kathygre'' ** Genus ''[Tragulus](/source/Tragulus)'' *** [Java mouse-deer](/source/Java_mouse-deer), ''Tragulus javanicus'' *** [Lesser mouse-deer](/source/Lesser_mouse-deer) or kanchil, ''Tragulus kanchil'' *** [Greater mouse-deer](/source/Greater_mouse-deer), ''Tragulus napu'' *** [Philippine mouse-deer](/source/Philippine_mouse-deer), ''Tragulus nigricans'' *** [Vietnam mouse-deer](/source/Vietnam_mouse-deer), ''Tragulus versicolor'' *** [Williamson's mouse-deer](/source/Williamson's_mouse-deer), ''Tragulus williamsoni'' ==Extinct chevrotains== [[Image:Dorcatherium.jpg|thumb|Reconstruction of ''Dorcatherium'' by [Heinrich Harder](/source/Heinrich_Harder).]] The [Hypertragulidae](/source/Hypertragulidae) were closely related to the Tragulidae. The six extinct chevrotain genera include: *Genus ''[Dorcatherium](/source/Dorcatherium)'' **''Dorcatherium minus'' from [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan) **''Dorcatherium majus'' from [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan) **''Dorcatherium naui'', from [Central Europe](/source/Central_Europe){{cite journal |first=E. |last=Thenius |year=1950 |title=Über die Sichtung und Bearbeitung der jungtertiären Säugetierreste aus dem Hausruck und Kobernaußerwald (O.Ö.) |journal=Verh. Geol. B.-A. |volume=51 |issue=2 |page=56}} *Genus ''[Dorcabune](/source/Dorcabune)'' **''Dorcabune anthracotherioides'' from [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan) **''Dorcabune nagrii'' from [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan) *Genus ''[Afrotragulus](/source/Afrotragulus)'' Sánchez, Quiralte, Morales and Pickford, 2010{{Cite journal |first1=Israel M. |last1=Sánchez |first2=Victoria |last2=Quiralte |first3=Jorge |last3=Morales |first4=Martin |last4=Pickford |year=2010 |title=A new genus of tragulid ruminant from the early Miocene of Kenya|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=177–187 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app55/app20090087.pdf |doi=10.4202/app.2009.0087|s2cid=303897 |doi-access=free }} ** ''Afrotragulus moruorotensis'' (previously ''"Dorcatherium" moruorotensis'' Pickford, 2001) (early [Miocene](/source/Miocene)) from [Moruorot](/source/Moruorot), [Kenya](/source/Kenya) ** ''Afrotragulus parvus'' (previously ''"D." parvus'' Withworth 1958) (early [Miocene](/source/Miocene)) from [Rusinga Island](/source/Rusinga_Island), [Kenya](/source/Kenya) *Genus ''[Siamotragulus](/source/Siamotragulus)'' **''Siamotragulus sanyathanai'' Thomas, Ginsburg, Hintong and Suteethorn, 1990 (middle [Miocene](/source/Miocene)) from [Lampang](/source/Lampang_Province), [Thailand](/source/Thailand) **''Siamotragulus haripounchai'' Mein and Ginsburg, 1997 ([Miocene](/source/Miocene)) from [Lamphun](/source/Lamphun_Province), [Thailand](/source/Thailand) *Genus ''[Yunnanotherium](/source/Yunnanotherium)'' *Genus ''[Archaeotragulus](/source/Archaeotragulus)''{{cite journal |doi=10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00071.x |author1=Métais, G. |author2=Chaimanee, Y. |author3=Jaeger, J.-J. |author4=Ducrocq S. |name-list-style=amp |url=http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/5/Ts-5%20new%20remains%20of%20primitive%20ruminants%20from%20thailand%20evidence%20of%20the%20early%20evolution%20of%20the%20ruminantia%20in%20asia.pdf |title=New remains of primitive ruminants from Thailand: Evidence of the early evolution of the Ruminantia in Asia |year=2001 |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=30 |issue=4 |page=231 |s2cid=85647031 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722000705/http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/5/Ts-5%20new%20remains%20of%20primitive%20ruminants%20from%20thailand%20evidence%20of%20the%20early%20evolution%20of%20the%20ruminantia%20in%20asia.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-22 |df=dmy-all}} **''Archaeotragulus krabiensis'' Metais, Chaimanee, Jaeger and Ducrocq, 2001 (late [Eocene](/source/Eocene)) from [Krabi](/source/Krabi_Province), [Thailand](/source/Thailand) The extinct chevrotains might also include{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LD1nDlzXYicC&pg=PA347 |title=Mammalogy |first1=Terry A. |last1=Vaughan |first2=James M. |last2=Ryan |first3=Nicholas J. |last3=Czaplewski |edition=5th |isbn=978-0-7637-6299-5 |access-date=April 4, 2012 |date=2011-04-21 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |df=dmy-all}}{{cite journal |doi=10.4202/app.2009.0087 |title=A new genus of Tragulid ruminant from the Early Miocene of Kenya |year=2010 |last1=Sánchez |first1=Israel M. |last2=Quiralte |first2=Victoria |last3=Morales |first3=Jorge |last4=Pickford |first4=Martin |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=55 |issue=2 |page=177|doi-access=free }} *Genus ''[Krabitherium](/source/Krabitherium)'' **''Krabitherium waileki'' Metais, Chaimanee, Jaeger and Ducrocq, 2007 (late [Eocene](/source/Eocene)) from [Krabi](/source/Krabi_Province), [Thailand](/source/Thailand){{cite web |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=116983 |website=Paleobiology Database (Paleodb.org) |title=Krabitherium |access-date=2013-01-18 |df=dmy-all}} *Genus ''[Nalameryx](/source/Nalameryx)'' **''Nalameryx savagei''Mennecart, B., Wazir, W.A., Sehgal, R.K., Patnaik, R., Singh, N.P., Kumar, N. and Nanda, A.C., 2021. New remains of Nalamaeryx (Tragulidae, Mammalia) from the Ladakh Himalaya and their phylogenetical and palaeoenvironmental implications. Historical Biology, pp.1-9.https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.2014479 **''Nalameryx sulaimani'' == Mythology == [[File:Coat of arms of Malacca.svg|thumb|right|The supporters of the [coat of arms of Malacca](/source/coat_of_arms_of_Malacca) are two mouse-deer, alluding to the founding legend of Malacca.]] According to the ''[Malay Annals](/source/Malay_Annals)'', King [Parameswara](/source/Parameswara_of_Malacca), seeking a place to found a new city, came to a place where he saw a mouse-deer (''kancil'' in [Malay](/source/Malay_language)) kicking his hunting dog into the [river](/source/Malacca_River). He thought this boded well, remarking, "This place is excellent. Even the mouse deer is formidable. It is best that we establish a kingdom here". This became the [Malacca Sultanate](/source/Malacca_Sultanate) and [Malacca](/source/Malacca_City) its capital.{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=C. C. |date= October 1952 |title= The Malay Annals |journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=25 |issue= 2/3 (159) |pages=5–276|jstor=41502950 }}{{rp|51–52}} In memory of this founding legend, the [coat of arms of Malacca](/source/coat_of_arms_of_Malacca) depicts two mouse-deer. The mouse-deer or [Sang Kancil](/source/Sang_Kancil) is also a well-known [trickster](/source/trickster) of [Malay](/source/Malays_(ethnic_group)) folklore.{{cite journal |author1=See Hoon Peow |date= 2016 |title=A Comparative Study of Malay and Chinese Trickster Tales: ''Sang Kancil'', The Rabbit and The Rat |url=http://web.usm.my/km/34(2)2016/km34022016_03.pdf |journal=Kajian Malaysia |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=59–73|doi= 10.21315/km2016.34.2.3 }}{{rp|61–66}} ==Footnotes== {{Notelist|1}} ==References== {{Reflist|25em}} ==External links== {{Wiktionary}} *{{cite EB1911|last=Lydekker|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Lydekker|wstitle=Chevrotain |short=x}} {{Artiodactyla|R.}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q8535351}} {{Authority control}} Category:Chevrotains Category:Extant Miocene first appearances Category:Mammal families Category:Mammals of Southeast Asia Chevrotain --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chevrotain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrotain) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrotain?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.