# Chelonibia

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***Chelonibia*** is a genus of [acorn barnacles](/source/Acorn_barnacle) in the family **Chelonibiidae** of the subphylum [Crustacea](/source/Crustacea).[1] Its members are epizootic and live attached to [manatees](/source/Manatee), [turtles](/source/Turtle), marine [molluscs](/source/Molluscs), [crabs](/source/Crab) and [horseshoe crabs](/source/Horseshoe_crab) in all tropical and subtropical oceans.[2] In a few instances, they have been found on [sea snakes](/source/Sea_snake),[3] [alligators](/source/Alligator)[4] and inanimate substrates,[5] but they are not found in the typical habitats of barnacles – on rocks, docks or boats.

## Phylogeny

They appear to be the sister group to the [Balanidae](/source/Balanidae).[6]

## Fossils

The fossil record of Chelonibia ranges back to the [Miocene](/source/Miocene).[7]

## Species

The genus contains four extant species:[8][9]

- *[Chelonibia caretta](/source/Chelonibia_caretta)* (Spengler, 1790)
- *[Chelonibia manati](/source/Chelonibia_manati)* Gruvel, 1903
- *[Chelonibia patula](/source/Chelonibia_patula)* (Ranzani, 1818)
- *[Chelonibia testudinaria](/source/Chelonibia_testudinaria)* ([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae))

Recent molecular genetic work suggests that three of the species, *Chelonibia manati*, *C. patula* and *C. testudinaria*, are all the same species. Depending on the host species, they develop plastically very distinct morphology but cannot be distinguished on the genetic level.[10]

Three species are only known from the fossil record:

- *[Chelonibia capellini](/source/Chelonibia_capellini)* de Alessandri, 1895
- *[Chelonibia depressa](/source/Chelonibia_depressa)* Seguenza, 1876
- *[Chelonibia hemisphaerica](/source/Chelonibia_hemisphaerica)* [Rothpletz](/source/August_Rothpletz) & Simonelli, 1890

## References

1. Chan, Benny K. K.; Dreyer, Niklas; Gale, Andy S.; Glenner, Henrik et al. (2021). "The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms". *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society*. **193** (3): 789–846. [doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160](https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160). [hdl:11250/2990967](https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2990967)

1. Newman, William A. & A. Ross (March 31, 1976). "Revision of the balanomorph barnacles including a catalog of the species". *San Diego Society of Natural History Memoirs*. **9**: 1–109.

1. Badrudeen, M. (2000). "On the occurrence of the cirriped barnacle, *Chelonibia patula* (Ranzani) on the sea snake, *Hydrophis cyanocintus* (Daudin)". *Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series*. **164**: 25.

1. Nifong, James & M. G. Frick (2012). "First record of the American alligator (*Alligator mississippiensis*) as a host to the sea turtle barnacle (*Chelonibia testudinaria*)". *[The Southeastern Naturalist](/source/The_Southeastern_Naturalist)*. **10** (3): 557–560. [doi:10.1656/058.010.0316](https://doi.org/10.1656/058.010.0316). [S2CID 12626303](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12626303)

1. Frazier, J. G. & D. Margaritoulis (1990). "The occurrence of the barnacle, *Chelonibia patula* (Ranzani, 1818), on an inanimate substratum (Cirripedia, Thoracica)". *[Crustaceana](/source/Crustaceana)*. **59** (2): 213–218. [doi:10.1163/156854090x00688](https://doi.org/10.1163/156854090x00688). [JSTOR 20104595](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20104595)

1. Perez-Losada, M.; M. Harp; J. T. Høeg; Y. Achituv; D. Jones; H. Watanabe; K. A. Crandall (2008). ["The tempo and mode of barnacle evolution"](http://crandalllab.byu.edu/Portals/20/docs/publications/Losada-Crandall_MPE08.pdf). *[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution](/source/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution)*. **46** (1): 328–346. [doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.004). [PMID 18032070](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18032070). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20101122191550/http://crandalllab.byu.edu/Portals/20/docs/publications/Losada-Crandall_MPE08.pdf) 2010-11-22 at the Wayback Machine.

1. Harzhauser, M.; W. A. Newman; P. Grunert (2011). "A new Early Miocene barnacle lineage and the roots of sea-turtle fouling Chelonibiidae (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha)". *[Journal of Systematic Palaeontology](/source/Journal_of_Systematic_Palaeontology)*. **9** (4): 473–480. [doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.528053](https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2010.528053). [S2CID 86354876](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86354876)

1. Ryota Hayashi (2012). "A checklist of turtle and whale barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Coronuloidea)". *[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom](/source/Journal_of_the_Marine_Biological_Association_of_the_United_Kingdom)*. **93**: 143–182. [doi:10.1017/S0025315412000847](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412000847). [S2CID 83501299](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83501299)

1. Benny K. K. Chan (2012). "*Chelonibia* Leach, 1817". 106128. Retrieved December 1, 2012.

1. Cheang C; Tsang L; Chu K; Cheng I-J; Chan B (2013). "Host-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity of the Turtle Barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria: A Widespread Generalist Rather than a Specialist". *[PLoS ONE](/source/PLoS_ONE)*. **8** (3). [Bibcode:2013PLoSO...857592C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...857592C). [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057592](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057592). [PMC 3585910](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3585910). [PMID 23469208](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23469208)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chelonibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonibia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonibia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.