# Chattian

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The **Chattian** is, in the [geologic timescale](/source/Geologic_timescale), the younger of two [ages](/source/Age_(geology)) or upper of two [stages](/source/Stage_(stratigraphy)) of the [Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) [Epoch](/source/Epoch_(geology))/[Series](/source/Series_(stratigraphy)). It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the [Rupelian](/source/Rupelian) and is followed by the [Aquitanian](/source/Aquitanian_(stage)) (the lowest stage of the [Miocene](/source/Miocene)).[3]

## Stratigraphic definition

The Chattian was introduced by [Austrian](/source/Austria) palaeontologist [Theodor Fuchs](/source/Theodor_Fuchs) in 1894.[4] Fuchs named the stage after the [Chatti](/source/Chatti), a [Germanic](/source/Germanic_peoples) tribe.[5] The original [type locality](/source/Type_locality_(geology)) was near the [German](/source/Germany) city of [Kassel](/source/Kassel).

The base of the Chattian is at the [extinction](/source/Extinction) of the [foram](/source/Foram) [genus](/source/Genus) *Chiloguembelina* (which is also the base of [foram](/source/Foram) [biozone](/source/Biozone) P21b). An official [GSSP](/source/GSSP) for the Chattian Stage was ratified in October of 2016.

The top of the Chattian Stage (which is the base of the Aquitanian Stage, Miocene Series and [Neogene](/source/Neogene) [System](/source/System_(stratigraphy))) is at the first appearance of [foram](/source/Foram) species *Paragloborotalia kugleri*, the [extinction](/source/Extinction) of calcareous [nanoplankton](/source/Plankton#Size_groups) species *Reticulofenestra bisecta* (which forms the base of nanoplankton [biozone](/source/Biozone) NN1), and the base of [magnetic](/source/Magnetic) C6Cn.2n.

The Chattian is coeval with regionally used stages or zones such as the upper Avernian [European mammal zone](/source/European_Land_Mammal_Mega_Zone) (it spans the [Mammal Paleogene zones](/source/Mammal_Paleogene_zones) 30 through 26 and part of 25[6]); the upper [Geringian](/source/Geringian) and lower [Arikareean](/source/Arikareean) [mammal zones](/source/NALMA) of North America; most of the [Deseadan](/source/Deseadan) [mammal zone](/source/SALMA) of South America; the upper Hsandgolian and whole [Tabenbulakian](/source/Tabenbulakian) [mammal zone](/source/Asian_Land_Mammal_Age) of Asia; the upper Kiscellian and lower Egerian [Paratethys](/source/Paratethys) stages of Central and eastern Europe; the upper Janjukian and lower Longfordian Australian regional stages; the Otaian, Waitakian, and Duntroonian stages of the [New Zealand geologic time scale](/source/New_Zealand_geologic_time_scale); and part of the Zemorrian Californian stage and Chickasawhayan regional stage of the eastern US.

## Volcanic event

During the Chattian the largest known single-event [volcanic eruption](/source/Volcanic_eruption) occurred: the [Fish Canyon eruption](/source/Fish_Canyon_Tuff) of [La Garita](/source/La_Garita_Caldera) with a magnitude of 9.2 and [VEI](/source/VEI) of 8.[7] It has been dated to 27.51 Ma ago.[8]

## References

1. Coccioni, Rodolfo; Montanari, Alessandro; Nice, David; Brinkhuis, Henk; Deino, Alain; Frontalini, Fabrizio; Liter, Fabrizio; Maiorano, Patricia; Monechi, Simonetta; Prods, Jörg; Rochette, Pierre; Sagnotti, Leonardo; Sideri, Marianna; Sprovieri, Mario; Tateo, Fabio; Touchard, Yannick; Can Simaeys, Stefaan; Williams, Graham L. (1 March 2018). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Chattian stage (Paleogene System, Oligocene Series) at Monte Cagnero, Italy". *Episodes*. **41** (1): 17–32. [doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/v41i1/018003](https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2018/v41i1/018003). [hdl:11573/1611823](https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1611823)

1. Steininger, Fritz F.; M. P. Aubry; W. A. Berggren; M. Biolzi; A. M. Borsetti; Julie E. Cartlidge; F. Cati; R. Corfield; R. Gelati; S. Iaccarino; C. Napoleone; F. Ottner; F. Rögl; R. Roetzel; S. Spezzaferri; F. Tateo; G. Villa; D. Zevenboom (1997). ["The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene"](http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file9.pdf). *Episodes*. **20** (1): 23–28. [doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005](https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005)

1. ["International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017"](http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale)

1. Harland, Brian et al. *A Geological Time Scale 1989*, Cambridge University Press, 1982. pp 64. ISBN 0-521-38361-7

1. Berry, Edward W. ["The Mayence Basin, a Chapter of Geologic History"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/6334), *[The Scientific Monthly](/source/The_Scientific_Monthly)*, Vol. 16, No. 2, February 1923. pp. 114. Retrieved March 18, 2020.

1. Alroy, John. ["Mammal Paleogene zones"](https://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125). p. The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 15 July 2009.

1. Mason *et al.* (2004)

1. Lanphere & Baadsgaard (2001)

### Literature

- ; **1894**: *Tertiaerfossilien aus den kohlenführenden Miocaenablagerungen der Umgebung von Krapina und Radaboj und über die Stellung der sogenannten "Aquitanischen Stufe"*, Königlich- Ungarische Geologische Anstalt, Mittheilungen und Jahrbuch **10**, p. 163-175. (in German)
- ; **2004**: *A Geologic Time Scale 2004*, [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press).
- ; **2001**: *Precise K–Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard*, Chemical Geology **175**(3–4), pp 653–671.
- ; **2004**: *The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth*, Bulletin of Volcanology **66**(8), pp 735–748.

## External links

- [Stratigraphy.org: GeoWhen Database for Chattian Age](https://web.archive.org/web/20100822030348/http://www.stratigraphy.org/bak/geowhen/stages/Chattian.html)
- [Purdue.edu: ICS subcommission for stratigraphic information − Neogene timescale (including the upper Paleogene)](http://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/charts/Timeslices/1_Neogene.pdf) — *by subcommission of International Commission on Stratigraphy− ICS*.
- [NorgesNetwork.no: Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene Period](https://web.archive.org/web/20060518100342/http://norges.uio.no/timescale/Fig19.1_Pal_bio_colA.pdf) — *Norwegian records of offshore geology and stratigraphy*.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chattian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattian) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattian?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.