# Charophyceae > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Charophyceae > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Charophyceae.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charophyceae > Source revision: 1345437660 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Class of algae}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = CharaGlobularis.jpg | image_caption = ''Chara globularis'' | taxon = Charophyceae | authority = Rabenhorst | subdivision_ranks = Orders | subdivision_ref = | subdivision = *[Charales](/source/Charales) *†[Moellerinales](/source/Moellerinales) *†[Sycidiales](/source/Sycidiales) *†[Umbellinales](/source/Umbellinales) }} '''Charophyceae''' is a [class](/source/Class_(biology)) of [charophyte](/source/Charophyta) [green algae](/source/green_algae). [AlgaeBase](/source/AlgaeBase) places it in division Charophyta.{{AlgaeBase taxon|name=Charophyceae|id=4348|access-date=2022-02-20}} Extant (living) species are placed in a single order [Charales](/source/Charales),[https://books.google.com/books?id=gzNEBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Coleochaetophyceae+%28single+order+Coleochaetales%29+and+Charophyceae+%28single+order+Charales%29%22&pg=PA66 Ecological Biochemistry: Environmental and Interspecies Interactions] commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be placed in separate orders, e.g. [Sycidiales](/source/Sycidiales). Charophyceae is basal in the [Phragmoplastophyta](/source/Phragmoplastophyta) clade which contains the [embryophyte](/source/embryophyte)s (land plants).Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D. G. & Jahns, H. M. 1995. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xuUoiFesSHMC ''Algae: An Introduction to Phycology'']. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. {{ISBN|0-521-30419-9}}[Streptophytina](/source/Streptophytina)McCourt, R. M., Chapman, R. L., Buchheim, M. & Mishler, B. D. [http://tolweb.org/Green_plants/2382 “Green Plants”]. Accessed 13 December 2007 In 2018, the first nuclear genome sequence from a species belonging to the Charophyceae was published: that of ''[Chara braunii](/source/Chara_braunii)''.{{cite journal |last1=Nishiyama |first1=Tomoaki |last2=Sakayama |first2=Hidetoshi |last3=de Vries |first3=Jan |last4=Buschmann |first4=Henrik |last5=Saint-Marcoux |first5=Denis |last6=Ullrich |first6=Kristian K. |last7=Haas |first7=Fabian B. |last8=Vanderstraeten |first8=Lisa |last9=Becker |first9=Dirk |last10=Lang |first10=Daniel |last11=Vosolsobě |first11=Stanislav |last12=Rombauts |first12=Stephane |last13=Wilhelmsson |first13=Per K.I. |last14=Janitza |first14=Philipp |last15=Kern |first15=Ramona |last16=Heyl |first16=Alexander |last17=Rümpler |first17=Florian |last18=Villalobos |first18=Luz Irina A. Calderón |last19=Clay |first19=John M. |last20=Skokan |first20=Roman |last21=Toyoda |first21=Atsushi |last22=Suzuki |first22=Yutaka |last23=Kagoshima |first23=Hiroshi |last24=Schijlen |first24=Elio |last25=Tajeshwar |first25=Navindra |last26=Catarino |first26=Bruno |last27=Hetherington |first27=Alexander J. |last28=Saltykova |first28=Assia |last29=Bonnot |first29=Clemence |last30=Breuninger |first30=Holger |last31=Symeonidi |first31=Aikaterini |last32=Radhakrishnan |first32=Guru V. |last33=Van Nieuwerburgh |first33=Filip |last34=Deforce |first34=Dieter |last35=Chang |first35=Caren |last36=Karol |first36=Kenneth G. |last37=Hedrich |first37=Rainer |last38=Ulvskov |first38=Peter |last39=Glöckner |first39=Gernot |last40=Delwiche |first40=Charles F. |last41=Petrášek |first41=Jan |last42=Van de Peer |first42=Yves |last43=Friml |first43=Jiri |last44=Beilby |first44=Mary |last45=Dolan |first45=Liam |last46=Kohara |first46=Yuji |last47=Sugano |first47=Sumio |last48=Fujiyama |first48=Asao |last49=Delaux |first49=Pierre-Marc |last50=Quint |first50=Marcel |last51=Theißen |first51=Günter |last52=Hagemann |first52=Martin |last53=Harholt |first53=Jesper |last54=Dunand |first54=Christophe |last55=Zachgo |first55=Sabine |last56=Langdale |first56=Jane |last57=Maumus |first57=Florian |last58=Van Der Straeten |first58=Dominique |last59=Gould |first59=Sven B. |last60=Rensing |first60=Stefan A. |title=The Chara Genome: Secondary Complexity and Implications for Plant Terrestrialization |journal=Cell |date=July 2018 |volume=174 |issue=2 |pages=448–464.e24 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.033|pmid=30007417 |doi-access=free }} ==Description== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} The thallus is erect with regular nodes and internodes. At each node there is a whorl of branches. The whole plant is calcified and ''[Equisetum](/source/Equisetum)''-like. The internodes of the main axis consist of a single elongated cell, in ''[Chara](/source/Chara_(alga))'' the internodes are [corticate](/source/corticate)d covering the main axis. In other genera these are absent. Where there is a single row of cortical cells the cortex is referred to as ''diplostichous'', where there are two rows of cortical cells it is termed ''triplostichous''. The intermodal cells elongate and do not divide, they become many times longer than broad.Smith, G.M. ''Cryptogamic Botany. Second Edition''. 1955.p 121-130. McGraw-Hill Book Company.INC. === Evolution === Below is a consensus reconstruction of green algal relationships, mainly based on molecular data.{{Cite journal|author1=Linzhou Li|author2=Sibo Wang|author3=Hongli Wang|author4=Sunil Kumar Sahu|author5=Birger Marin|author6=Haoyuan Li|author7=Yan Xu|author8=Hongping Liang|author9=Zhen Li|author10=Shifeng Chen|author11=Tanja Reder|date=22 June 2020|title=The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|volume=4|issue=9|pages=1220–1231|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7|pmc=7455551|pmid=32572216|doi-access=free|author22=Yves Van de Peer|author23=Michael Melkonian|author24=Huan Liu|author21=Xin Liu|author20=Xun Xu|author19=Gane Ka-Shu Wong|author17=Huanming Yang|author16=Hongli Du|author15=Barbara Melkonian|author14=Morten Petersen|author13=Sebastian Wittek|author12=Zehra Çebi|author18=Jian Wang |bibcode=2020NatEE...4.1220L }}{{Cite journal|last1=Puttick|first1=Mark N.|last2=Morris|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Williams|first3=Tom A.|last4=Cox|first4=Cymon J.|last5=Edwards|first5=Dianne|last6=Kenrick|first6=Paul|last7=Pressel|first7=Silvia|last8=Wellman|first8=Charles H.|last9=Schneider|first9=Harald|date=2018|title=The Interrelationships of Land Plants and the Nature of the Ancestral Embryophyte|journal=Current Biology|volume=28|issue=5|pages=733–745.e2|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.063|pmid=29456145|bibcode=2018CBio...28E.733P |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/ad32d4da-6cb3-4ed6-add2-2415f81b46da|hdl-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Sánchez-Baracaldo|first1=Patricia|last2=Raven|first2=John A.|last3=Pisani|first3=Davide|last4=Knoll|first4=Andrew H.|date=2017-09-12|title=Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|issue=37|pages=E7737–E7745|doi=10.1073/pnas.1620089114|url=https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/132985852/pnas.1620089114.sapp.pdf|pmid=28808007|pmc=5603991|bibcode=2017PNAS..114E7737S |doi-access=free}} {{clade |label1='''[Streptophyta](/source/Streptophyta)'''/ |sublabel1='''[charophyta](/source/charophyta)''' |1={{clade |label1=[Mesostigmatophyceae](/source/Mesostigmatophyceae) |1={{clade |1=''[Mesostigmatales](/source/Mesostigma)'' |2={{clade |1=''[Spirotaenia](/source/Spirotaenia)'' |2=[Chlorokybales](/source/Chlorokybus) }} }} |2={{clade |label1= |1=[Klebsormidiophyceae](/source/Klebsormidiophyceae) |label2=[Phragmoplastophyta](/source/Phragmoplastophyta) |2={{clade |1=Charophyceae |2={{clade |1=[Coleochaetophyceae](/source/Coleochaetales) |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[Zygnematophyceae](/source/Zygnematophyceae)}} |2=[Embryophyte](/source/Embryophyte)s (land plants) }} }} }} }} }} |style=font-size:80%;line-height:80%}} ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Eukaryota|D.}} {{Plant classification}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1208690}} {{Authority control}} Category:Charophyta Category:Green algae classes --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Charophyceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charophyceae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charophyceae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.