# Charles Gilbert Chaddock

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American neurologist (1861–1936)

Charles Gilbert Chaddock Born (1861-11-14)November 14, 1861 Jonesville, Michigan, U.S. Died July 20, 1936(1936-07-20) (aged 74) St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. Education University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery Occupations Neurologist, psychiatrist, translator Known for Describing the Chaddock reflex and the first use of the words bisexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality in the English language[1][2] Signature

**Charles Gilbert Chaddock** (November 14, 1861 – July 20, 1936) was an American [neurologist](/source/Neurologist), [psychiatrist](/source/Psychiatrist), and [translator](/source/Translator). He is remembered for describing the [Chaddock reflex](/source/Chaddock_reflex) and is credited with introducing the terms *[bisexuality](/source/Bisexuality)*, *[heterosexuality](/source/Heterosexuality)*, and *[homosexuality](/source/Homosexuality)* from German into the [English language](/source/English_language).[1][2]

## Biography

Charles Gilbert Chaddock was born on November 14, 1861, in [Jonesville, Michigan](/source/Jonesville%2C_Michigan).[3] In 1885, he graduated from the [University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery](/source/Michigan_Medicine), then worked at the [North Michigan Asylum](/source/North_Michigan_Asylum) in [Traverse City](/source/Traverse_City) as a staff physician. From 1889 to 1890, Chaddock studied in Munich. On his return, he again worked at the Asylum, before, in 1892, becoming Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases at Marion-Sims College, which later became part of the [Saint Louis University School of Medicine](/source/Saint_Louis_University_School_of_Medicine). He married Adelaide Gowans MacPherson in 1890.[3] Baddock returned to Europe in 1897, spending most of the time as assistant to [Joseph Babinski](/source/Joseph_Babinski).[4] On his return to the United States in 1899, Chaddock introduced American physicians to [Babinski's sign](/source/Babinski_sign), later publishing a translation of Babinski's work.[5] Chaddock introduced his [eponymous reflex](/source/Chaddock_reflex) in 1911, calling it the *External Malleolar sign*.[6][7] He also described an analogous sign in the upper limb.[8] Chaddock died on July 20, 1936.[3] He was interred by a Protestant reverend in Oakwood Cemetery, [Allegan, Michigan](/source/Allegan%2C_Michigan).[9]

## Legacy

Chaddock is credited with the first use of the words *[heterosexuality](/source/Heterosexuality)* and *[homosexuality](/source/Homosexuality)* in the [English language](/source/English_language),[1] as well as the first use of the word *[bisexuality](/source/Bisexuality)* in its sense of being sexually attracted to both women and men,[1][2] in his translation of [Richard von Krafft-Ebing's](/source/Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing) *[Psychopathia Sexualis](/source/Psychopathia_Sexualis)* in 1892.[10][11] Prior to Von Krafft-Ebing's new use of the term, "bisexual" was usually used to refer to [hermaphroditic](/source/Hermaphrodite) plants, that is having both male and female reproductive structures, or to refer to mixed-sex situations such as coed schools.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nadal_2017_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nadal_2017_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Nadal_2017_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Nadal_2017_1-3) Nadal, Kevin L. (2017). *The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender*. Thousand Oaks, California: [SAGE Publishing](/source/SAGE_Publishing). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4833-8426-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-8426-9). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [994139871](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/994139871).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-etymon_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-etymon_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-etymon_2-2) Harper, Douglas (November 2001). ["Bisexuality"](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bisexuality). *Online Etymology Dictionary*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20041026012832/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bisexuality) from the original on 26 October 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2007.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_3-2) O'Leary, James L.; Moore, Walter L. (1953). ["Charles Gilbert Chaddock: His Life and Contributions"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhmas%2FVIII.July.301). *Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences*. **8** (3): 301–317. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/jhmas/VIII.July.301](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhmas%2FVIII.July.301). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0022-5045](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-5045). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [24619896](https://www.jstor.org/stable/24619896). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [13069695](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13069695).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Goetz, Christopher G. (2002). ["History of the Extensor Plantar Response: Babinski and Chaddock Signs"](http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2002-36761). *Seminars in Neurology*. **22** (4): 391–398. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1055/s-2002-36761](https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-2002-36761). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0271-8235](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0271-8235). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12539060](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12539060).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Chaddock CG. Translation of J Babinski: tendon reflexes and bone reflexes: an authorized translation. *Interstate Med J* 1914;21:75-84, 178-185, 585-594, 1047-1054

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Chaddock CG. A preliminary consideration concerning a new diagnostic nervous sign. *Interstate Med J* 1911;12:742-746

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Chaddock CG. The external malleolar sign. *Interstate Med J* 1911;13:1026-1038

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Chaddock CG. A new reflex phenomenon in the hand: the wrist-sign. *Interstate Med J* 1912;19:127-131

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Untitled"](https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2020/37/28269409_eb342ecf-fe6d-4cd6-9274-adfa509c827f.jpeg). *Allegan Gazette*. 1936-07-23. Retrieved 2022-07-08.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Susan Ackerman](/source/Susan_Ackerman_(biblical_scholar)), *When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David*. [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press), 2005, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0231132603](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231132603), p. 5.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Significant Gay Events ~ Timeline"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172313/http://www.gpascotland.com/Reference_files/GPA%20Gay%20Events%20Timeline.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.gpascotland.com/Reference_files/GPA%20Gay%20Events%20Timeline.pdf) (PDF) on 2014-03-15. Retrieved 2014-03-15.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charles_Gilbert_Chaddock).

English [Wikisource](/source/Wikisource) has original text related to this article:

**[Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Charles_Gilbert_Chaddock)**

- [Works by or about Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20Gilbert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20G%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20C%2E%20G%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Charles%20Gilbert%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Charles%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22C%2E%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Charles%20Gilbert%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Charles%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22C%2E%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22C%2E%20Gilbert%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20Gilbert%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20G%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20C%2E%20G%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20C%2E%20Gilbert%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Charles%20Gilbert%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Charles%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20title%3A%22C%2E%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Charles%20Gilbert%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Charles%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20description%3A%22C%2E%20G%2E%20Chaddock%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20Gilbert%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20G%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221861-1936%22%20AND%20Chaddock%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29) at the [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive)

- [Works by Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/53100) at [Project Gutenberg](/source/Project_Gutenberg)

- [Works by or about Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20Gilbert%2C%201861-) at the Online Books Page

- [Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28269409) at [Find a Grave](/source/Find_a_Grave)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Charles Gilbert Chaddock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gilbert_Chaddock) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gilbert_Chaddock?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.