# Charles Chanoine
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{{Short description|French military officer (1835–1915)}}
{{Infobox military person
|name = Charles Chanoine
|image = Colonel Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine 1883.jpg
|birth_name = Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine
|birth_date = {{birth date|1835|12|18|df=y}}
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{death date and age|1915|01|9|1835|12|18|df=y}}
|death_place =
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|allegiance = [France](/source/France)
|branch = [French Army](/source/French_Army)
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'''Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃaʁl sylpis ʒyl ʃanwan|lang}}; 18 December 1835, [Dijon](/source/Dijon), [Côte-d'Or](/source/C%C3%B4te-d'Or) – 9 January 1915) was a French military officer who led the [first French mission sent to Japan](/source/French_military_mission_to_Japan_(1867%E2%80%931868)), between 1867 and 1868, and later served as Minister of War under the [Third Republic](/source/French_Third_Republic).[{{Cite book |title=Dictionnaire des ministres (1789–1989) |publisher=Perrin |year=1990 |editor-last=Yvert |editor-first=Benoît |location=Paris |pages=402 |language=}}]
== Life and career ==
[[File:Members of French Military Mission to Japan in 1867 (cropped).png|thumb|The French military mission before its departure to Japan, in 1867. Chanoine is standing in the center, [Jules Brunet](/source/Jules_Brunet) is second from right in the front row.]]
Early in his career, he served as chief of the French troops in China during the [Second Opium War](/source/Second_Opium_War) (1856–1860). Later, from 1867 to 1868, he was posted to Japan as the commander of the [First French Military Mission to Japan](/source/French_military_mission_to_Japan_(1867%E2%80%931868)), sent to that country by [Napoleon III](/source/Napoleon_III) at the request of the 14th ''[shōgun](/source/sh%C5%8Dgun)'' [Tokugawa Iemochi](/source/Tokugawa_Iemochi). Among the officers under his command in Japan was [Jules Brunet](/source/Jules_Brunet), who would play a key role in the conflict between the Shogun and the restoration forces of the [Meiji Emperor](/source/Meiji_Emperor) during the [Boshin War](/source/Boshin_War).
Due to the involvement of the Mission in supporting the Shogun, Chanoine had to leave Japan with the majority of the other French advisors in October 1868, per orders of the new emperor Meiji. Those who chose to remain, led by Jules Brunet, sent letters of resignation from the French army before joining the forces of the Shogun. This was done apparently with Chanoine's tacit agreement, as he covered up their departure for a period of several days.
As [Henri Brisson](/source/Henri_Brisson)'s third Minister of War from September to October 1898, Chanoine, like his predecessors, Generals [Cavaignac](/source/Jacques_Marie_Eug%C3%A8ne_Godefroy_Cavaignac) and [Zurlinden](/source/Zurlinden), attempted to prevent a review of the [Dreyfus case](/source/Dreyfus_Affair), against the wishes of the cabinet, which had already decided to support review.