# Chamfer > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chamfer > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chamfer.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamfer > Source revision: 1346148559 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Flat transitional edge between two faces of an object}} {{For|the concept in mathematics|chamfer (geometry)}} {{more citations needed|date=April 2019}} thumb|upright|A chamfer with a "lark's tongue" finish A '''chamfer''' ({{IPAc-en|'|(|t|)|ʃ|æ|m|f|ər}} {{respell|SHAM|fər|,_|CHAM|-}}) is a transitional edge between two faces of an object. Sometimes defined as a form of [bevel](/source/bevel), it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces. Chamfers are frequently used in [machining](/source/machining), [carpentry](/source/carpentry), [furniture](/source/furniture), [concrete formwork](/source/formwork), [mirror](/source/mirror)s, and to facilitate assembly of many [mechanical engineering](/source/mechanical_engineering) designs. ==Terminology== In materials and manufacturing, a chamfer is used to "ease" otherwise sharp edges, both for safety and to prevent damage to the edges; it may also be a primarily decorative feature. In general terms it may be regarded as a type of ''[bevel](/source/bevel)'', and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, in [machining](/source/machining), only the term "chamfer" is used for the specific technique, practice, and result. In carpentry, a '''lark's tongue''' is a chamfer which ends short of the end of a piece in a gradual outward curve, leaving the remainder of the edge as a right angle. Chamfers may be formed in either inside or outside adjoining faces of an object or room. Alternatively, a ''[fillet](/source/fillet_(mechanics))'' (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɪ|l|ᵻ|t}}, like "fill it") is the rounding-off of an interior corner, and a ''round'' (or ''radius'') the rounding of an outside one.Madsen et al., "Engineering Drawing and Design" page 179. Delmar, 2004 {{ISBN|0-7668-1634-6}} A broad radius is known as a [bullnose](/source/bullnose). ==Carpentry and furniture== Chamfers are widely used in carpentry, added both for safety and decorative effect to counters and furniture such as table tops. Special tools such as [chamfer mill](/source/chamfer_mill)s, [chamfer plane](/source/chamfer_plane)s, an [chamfer bits](/source/router_bit) in [shaper](/source/shaper)s and [routers](/source/router_(woodworking)) are sometimes used to ease edges. ==Architecture== [[File:Saks Fifth Avenue (48155562261).jpg|thumb|upright|Chamfer on the facade of [Saks Fifth Avenue](/source/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) in New York City]] Chamfers are commonly used in architecture, both for functional and aesthetic reasons. For example, the base of the [Taj Mahal](/source/Taj_Mahal) is a [cube](/source/cube) with chamfered corners, thereby creating an [octagon](/source/octagon)al architectural footprint. Its great gate is formed of chamfered base stones and chamfered [corbel](/source/corbel)s for a balcony or equivalent [cornice](/source/cornice_(architecture)) towards the roof.{{cite web |url=http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/interior_decoration.html |title=Interior Decoration |publisher=Government of UP, Uttar Pradesh |access-date=2014-04-05 |archive-date=2014-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072747/http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/interior_decoration.html |url-status=dead }} ==Urban planning== Many [city block](/source/city_block)s in [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona%2C_Spain), [Valencia](/source/Valencia) and various other cities in [Spain](/source/Spain), as well as [Taichung](/source/Taichung), and street corners ([curbs](/source/Curb_(road))) in [Ponce, Puerto Rico](/source/Ponce%2C_Puerto_Rico), are chamfered. The chamfering was designed as an embellishment and a modernization of urban space in Barcelona's mid-19th century [Eixample](/source/Eixample) or Expansion District, where the buildings follow the chamfering of the sidewalks and streets. This pioneering design opens up broader perspectives, provides pleasant pedestrian areas and allows for greater visibility while turning. It might also be considered to allow for turning to be somewhat more comfortable as, supposedly, drivers would not need to slow down as much when making a turn as they would have to if the corner were a square 90 degrees,{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} although, in Barcelona, most chamfered corners are used as parking spaces or loading–unloading zones, leaving the traffic to run as in normal 90-degree street corners. File:Entrance fort.jpg|The Great gate (Darwaza-i rauza) gateway to the [Taj Mahal](/source/Taj_Mahal), having chamfered tower corners File:Barcelona_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg|A chamfered building and street corner on [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona)'s [Passeig de Gràcia](/source/Passeig_de_Gr%C3%A0cia). Here the building is chamfered but the sidewalk/street has taken on a conventional, 90-degree layout, eliminating the loading zone or parking spaces. File:Original_design_of_Barcelona's_city_blocks.svg|The original [Barcelona Eixample](/source/Eixample) city block design, showing the chamfered corners of buildings and streets. File:Corner of Taiwan Blvd and Chiguang St in Taichung.jpg|A pair of typical chamfrered corner buildings in central [Taichung](/source/Taichung). File:Ponce Chamfered Street Corner at Calle Mayor and Calle Cristina (looking northwest), Barrio Tercero, Ponce, Puerto Rico.jpg|A chamfered [sidewalk](/source/sidewalk) street corner in [historic Ponce](/source/Ponce_Historic_Zone), Puerto Rico ==Mechanical engineering== thumb|Terminology for rounding on a mechanical part Chamfers are frequently used to facilitate assembly of parts which are designed for [interference fit](/source/interference_fit) or to aid assembly for parts inserted by hand. Resilient materials such as fluid power seals generally require a shallower angle than 45 degrees, often 20. In assemblies, chamfers are also used to clear an interior [radius](/source/radius) - perhaps from a cutting tool, or to clear other features, such as a [weld](/source/Welding) bead, on an adjoining part. This is because it is generally easier to manufacture and much easier to precisely check the dimensions of a chamfer than a radius, and errors in the profile of either radius could otherwise cause interference between the radii before the flat surfaces make contact with one another. Chamfers are also essential for components which humans will handle, to prevent injuries, and also to prevent damage to other components. This is particularly important for hard materials, like most metals, and for heavy assemblies, like press tools. Additionally, a chamfered edge is much more resistant than a square edge to being bruised by other edges or corners knocking against it during assembly or disassembly, or maintenance. ==Machining== thumb|The arrows point to some of the many chamfers present. In [machining](/source/machining) a chamfer is a slope cut at any right-angled edge of a [workpiece](/source/workpiece), e.g. holes; the ends of rods, bolts, and pins; the corners of the long-edges of plates; any other place where two surfaces meet at a sharp angle. Chamfering eases assembly, e.g. the insertion of bolts into holes, or nuts. Chamfering also removes sharp edges which reduces significantly the possibility of cuts, and injuries, to people handling the metal piece. It also minimizes the introduction of rust, by eliminating the area where a ferrous material is at its thinnest and most vulnerable. ==Optical mirror design== Outside of aesthetics, chamfering is part of the process of hand-crafting a parabolic glass telescope mirror.{{cite web | title=How to Build a Telescope ? | website=[IUCAA](/source/IUCAA) SciPOP | url=http://scipop.iucaa.in/Literature/hbt1/hbt-welcome.html | access-date=2017-12-31}} Before the surface of the disc can be ground, the edges must first be chamfered to prevent edge chipping. This can be accomplished by placing the disc in a metal bowl containing [silicon carbide](/source/silicon_carbide) and rotating the disc with a rocking motion. The grit will thus wear off the sharp edge of the glass.{{Citation needed|reason=At minimum, domain of the above warrants xref to mirror mfg (and many other) fab techniues where edge chipping is problematic.|date=March 2017}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *{{Wiktionary-inline|chamfer}} *{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Chamfer |volume=5 |page=824 |short=x}} {{Woodworking|state=collapsed}} Category:Electronic design Category:Electronic engineering Category:Metalworking terminology Category:Woodworking --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chamfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamfer) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamfer?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.