# Chalon head > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chalon_head > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Chalon_head.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalon_head > Source revision: 1300269875 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Postage stamp featuring Queen Victoria}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} [[File:12d Victoria Chalon 1851.jpg|thumb|200px|right|1851 '''Chalon head''' stamp of [Queen Victoria](/source/Queen_Victoria) issued by Canada]] The '''Chalon Head''' is the name of a number of [postage stamp](/source/postage_stamp) series whose illustration was inspired by a portrait of [Queen Victoria](/source/Queen_Victoria) by [Alfred Edward Chalon](/source/Alfred_Edward_Chalon) (1780–1860). These stamps, printed in [New York City](/source/New_York_City) for the Canadian colonies, and by [Perkins, Bacon and Company](/source/Perkins_Bacon) in [London](/source/London), were issued in many British colonies from the 1850s until 1912 in Queensland. In chronological order, they were released in the [Province of Canada](/source/Province_of_Canada) in 1851, [Nova Scotia](/source/Nova_Scotia) in 1853, [Tasmania](/source/Tasmania) and [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand) in 1855, [The Bahamas](/source/The_Bahamas) and [Natal](/source/Colony_of_Natal) in 1859, [Grenada](/source/Grenada), [New Brunswick](/source/New_Brunswick) and [Queensland](/source/Queensland) in 1860, and in 1870 in [Prince Edward Island](/source/Prince_Edward_Island). Because these are some of the world's first stamps or the first stamps to bear these colonies' names,In the case of, chronologically, the Province of Canada, New Zealand, The Bahamas, Grenada and Queensland. the ''Chalon'' series are objects of many studies and collections. == Description == === Original portrait === [[Image:Chalon Portrait of Queen Victoria - 1837.jpg|thumb|''Portrait of Queen Victoria in her Robes of State'', 1837 by or, more likely, after [Alfred Edward Chalon](/source/Alfred_Edward_Chalon)[https://hartstamps.blogspot.com/2019/04/where-are-chalon-paintings.html Where Are the Chalon Paintings][https://hartstamps.blogspot.com/2019/04/modern-history-of-new-zealand-chalons.html The Modern, Illustrated History of the New Zealand Chalons]]] The head came from a painting by Alfred Edward Chalon, drawn for the first public appearance of Victoria as Queen on the occasion of her speech at the [House of Lords](/source/House_of_Lords) where she [prorogued](/source/Legislative_session) the [Parliament of the United Kingdom](/source/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom) in July 1837.{{Cite web |url=http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/search/Object.asp?object_key=19780 |title=Queen Victoria, oil painting by or after Alfred Edward Chalon. Government Art Collection, No. 14376. |access-date=2007-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030731205700/http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/search/Object.asp?object_key=19780 |archive-date=2003-07-31 |url-status=dead }} Chalon's work was intended as a gift from Victoria to [her mother](/source/Princess_Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld).{{cite journal|last =Negus|first =Ron |title =The Queen in close-up |journal =[Stamp Magazine](/source/Stamp_Magazine) |volume =73| issue =9| pages =47| date =September 2007}} In the portrait she is wearing the [George IV State Diadem](/source/George_IV_State_Diadem), created in 1820,This Diadem is visible on the ''[Penny Black](/source/Penny_Black)'' stamp. [Elizabeth II](/source/Elizabeth_II)'s effigies wear it on [''Machin'' stamp series](/source/Machin_series) (since 1967) and on [Raphael Maklouf](/source/Raphael_Maklouf)'s coins (1985–1997). and the State Robes, a dress and a long royal mantle. Her body is half-turned to the right side, on top of a flight of stairs. While her head is turned to the right, her left hand holds the plinth of a column on which there is a sculpted lion. At that time, this portrait was also known as the "Coronation portrait" because an engraving by [Samuel Cousins](/source/Samuel_Cousins) was distributed to the public on the day of Victoria's coronation, June 28, 1838. Cousins made two versions of the engraving in several states.[https://hartstamps.blogspot.com/2019/04/the-cousins-cornucopia.html The Cousins Cornucopia] === On the stamps === On the stamps, which are mainly of a small size, the effigy is reproduced inside an [oval](/source/oval) that has two main forms; the oval is either large enough to see the Queen's necklace, or too small so that only the upper part of the neck is visible, but excludes the necklace. On the New Zealand stamps the circle has a larger diameter so that the upper part of the State Robes are also visible. The engravings for many of these stamps were produced by [William Humphrys](/source/William_Humphrys).Melville, Fred J, ''Postage Stamps in the Making'', 1916, Stanley Gibbons, p.68 == History == === Canada === [[File:Stamp Canada 1897 5c.jpg|thumb|right|One of the stamps of [Diamond Jubilee](/source/Diamond_Jubilee) series, 1897]] {{see also|Canada 12d black}} In 1851, the province of Canada (approximatively [Ontario](/source/Ontario) and [Quebec](/source/Quebec)) was the first colony to use the Chalon head on its first stamps. The April 9, 1851, two of the six first stamps bore this portrait: the 7 and a half pence green and the 12 pence black. After the adoption of the [Canadian dollar](/source/Canadian_dollar), one additional stamp was issued in July 1859 with the Chalon head, the 12 and a half cents (with its former denomination of "SIX PENCE STERLING"). Like the previous series, these stamps were printed in New York.Printer noted in {{cite book| last =Michel catalog| author-link =Michel catalog| title =''Übersee-Katalog. Nord- und Mittelamerika''| year =2000| pages =339}} Three other colonies knew Chalon head stamps before their integration to the [Confederation of Canada](/source/Confederation_of_Canada): Nova Scotia in May 1860 (one stamp with the effigy inside a large square stamp put on its point, printed by Perkins, Bacon & Co, New Brunswick in May 1860 (three stamps printed in New York) and Prince Edward Island in June 1870 (one denomination). The last one is the only one printed in Canada, by the [British-American Banknote Company](/source/British-American_Banknote_Company).Printers noted in {{cite book| last =Michel catalog| author-link =Michel catalog| title =''Übersee-Katalog. Nord- und Mittelamerika''| year =2000| pages =339, 352 and 353}} For the [Diamond Jubilee](/source/Diamond_Jubilee) of Queen Victoria in 1897, the Confederation issued a [commemorative stamp](/source/commemorative_stamp) that employed the Chalon head and more recent portrait by [Heinrich von Angeli](/source/Heinrich_von_Angeli). === New Zealand === {{see also|Postage stamps and postal history of New Zealand}} thumb|right|New Zealand stamp of 1871 In New Zealand the ''Chalon'' series debuted as the country's first stamps from 1855 to 1873 and Queen Victoria remained the stamps' topic until the 1898 Pictorial series. In New Zealand philately, the effigy has been called "Full Face" because the Queen appears to be almost looking forward which was rather unusual at the time when profiles were mainly used on stamps. The one penny (carmine), two pence (blue) and one shilling (green) stamps of 1855 were initially printed in London by Perkins, Bacon & Co. These are rare and expensive (collectors should not buy without expertisation). The printing plates were shipped to New Zealand, and beginning in 1856, stamps were printed by J. Richardson in [Auckland](/source/Auckland), who also printed the six pence stamp (brown) from 1858.[http://www.nzstamps.org.uk New Zealand Stamp Images] Government postage stamp printer John Davis began printing stamps in 1862.Printers noted in {{cite book| title =''Catalogue de timbres-poste [Yvert et Tellier](/source/Yvert_et_Tellier)'', tome 3, ''Outre-mer''| year =1961| pages =1032–1033}} Prepayment of postage became compulsory in New Zealand in 1862, and so the Davis prints are much more common than the other printings. The three pence stamp (mauve) was also added in 1862. [Separations](/source/Postage_stamp_separation) appeared at the end of the 1850s. The separations were initially carried out by (or for) local postmasters, appear in many forms of [perforation](/source/perforation) (points, lines or holes). The most common of the local perforations are the "perforated 13 at [Dunedin](/source/Dunedin)" variety, appearing in 1863. Stamps were perforated by the printers beginning in 1864. These stamps were perforated 12½ (so care is needed when identifying the Dunedin perfs!). The four pence stamp was added in 1865, initially in rose, and quickly changed to yellow. In 1871 colours were changed (1d brown, 2d orange, 6d blue). In 1864, a scarcity of paper with the six-pointed star [watermark](/source/watermark) obliged the use of paper with "NZ" watermark. === Tasmania === [Van Diemen's Land](/source/Van_Diemen's_Land) used the Chalon portrait on its second issue of 1855 and again under its new name Tasmania from 1858 to 1870. The design around the portrait is uncommon compared to other ''Chalon'' series. === Bahamas === thumb|right|An 1863 stamp of the Bahamas In July 1858, the governor of the Bahamas, [Charles John Bayley](/source/Charles_John_Bayley), wanted to replace British stamps circulating on mail in the colony. In his mail to British offices, he submitted a design of a round stamp illustrated with two main productions of the islands; a [pineapple](/source/pineapple) and [conch](/source/conch) but, Perkins, Bacon & Co judged that such a stamp design would be too difficult to print and to perforate.{{cite journal|last =Negus|first =Ron |title =The Queen in close-up |journal =[Stamp Magazine](/source/Stamp_Magazine) |volume =73| issue =9| pages =46| date =September 2007}} The printing company proposed a project derived from others ''Chalon'' issues: the oval of the portrait should be reduced in size and two little ovals appeared for the two Bahamian products. A banderole precised the use of the one penny stamp: "INTERINSULAR POSTAGE".{{cite journal|last =Negus|first =Ron |title =The Queen in close-up |journal =[Stamp Magazine](/source/Stamp_Magazine) |volume =73| issue =9| pages =46–47| date =September 2007}} The first package of stamps printed in London were put on sale in the Bahamas the June 10, 1859. Perforations appeared in September 1860 but they were perfectly mastered by Perkins Bacon after 1863 (14 holes for 2 cm).{{cite journal|last =Negus|first =Ron |title =The Queen in close-up |journal =[Stamp Magazine](/source/Stamp_Magazine) |volume =73| issue =9| pages =48| date =September 2007}} To replace British stamps on the mail sent to North America and the United Kingdom, two new values are issued; 4 pence rose and 6 pence grey. The pineapple and conch ovals were no longer used. === Queensland === When [Queensland separated](/source/separation_of_Queensland) from [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales) they issued the first stamps with a ''Chalon'' effigy in 1860 and replaced them in 1880. The Chalon head reappeared in 1882 on bigger stamps printed in [intaglio](/source/Intaglio_(printmaking)) or [lithography](/source/lithography), on high value stamps denominated from 2 shillings to one pound. This series was available until 1912 with the arrival of the [Commonwealth of Australia](/source/Australia) stamps.{{cite book| title =''Catalogue de timbres-poste [Yvert et Tellier](/source/Yvert_et_Tellier)'', tome 3, ''Outre-mer''| year =1961| pages =1163–1164}} === Natal === thumb|right|Stamp of 1863 In 1859 the Colony of Natal, in Southern Africa, replaced its [embossed](/source/Embossing_(paper)) stamps with ''Chalons'' until 1867.{{cite book| title =''Catalogue de timbres-poste [Yvert et Tellier](/source/Yvert_et_Tellier)'', tome 3, ''Outre-mer''| year =1961| pages =970}} === Grenada === Grenada's first postage stamps used one of the main ''Chalon'' design with the name and denomination horizontally printed relative on the top and bottom of the stamp. On the 1859 series the necklace was visible, but on the 1875 series the effigy was placed inside a small circle that masked the Queen's neck. A new design was issued in 1883. == Collection and studies == Because the stamps with the effigy inspired by Chalon's portrait are the first or one of the first stamps of these colonies, their study is well-developed by classical philatelists and 19th century postal historians. Concerning the Bahamian ''Chalons'', Louis E. Bradbury, treasurer of the [Royal Philatelic Society London](/source/Royal_Philatelic_Society_London) (RPSL) between 1927 and 1945, accumulated stamps, documents and correspondence between British governmental services and Perkins Bacon. After his death on 7 July 1950,''Gibbons Stamp Monthly'', August 1950, p145 his collection was received by the RPSL. In fine and unused condition, these series are among the most priced stamps of British colonial philately. For example, in February 2006, at the auctions of [Gawaine Baillie](/source/Sir_Gawaine_Baillie%2C_7th_Baronet)'s collection, a Province of Canada 12 pence black was sold £116,000 sterling pounds and a New Zealand ''Chalon'' printed in London reached £69,000. They were the highest prices paid for single stamps from British colonies during these auctions.These two stamps were described by [Sotheby's](/source/Sotheby's) philatelic expert in {{cite journal|last =Ashton|first =Richard |title =Sale of the Century |journal =[Stamp Magazine](/source/Stamp_Magazine) |volume =73| issue =4| pages =44–51| date =April 2007}} The 12-pence final price was corrected in next issue of the magazine (73-5, page 9). == References and sources == {{Reflist}} '''Articles''' * About the Bahamas issue: {{cite journal|last =Negus|first =Ron |title =The Queen in close-up |journal =[Stamp Magazine](/source/Stamp_Magazine) |volume =73| issue =9| pages =46–48| date =September 2007}} Ron Negus, honorary archivist of the [Royal Philatelic Society London](/source/Royal_Philatelic_Society_London), told the story of the Bahamian ''Chalons'' genesis. Some illustrations of the articles are extracted from Louis Bradbury's collection. ==Further reading== * Dickson, John. ''The Design and Engraving of Perkins Bacon Stamps based on the Chalon Portrait''. London: The Royal Philatelic Society, London, 2000 29p. * [Lowe, Robson](/source/Robson_Lowe). "The Chalon Portrait." ''Mail-Coach''. Vol. 30 No. 4 (April 1994), p. 152-160. * [Maitland, Barry](/source/Barry_Maitland). ''The Chalon Heads''. London: Orion, 1999 {{ISBN|0752824694}} 326p. A fictional story about collecting these stamps. * [Odenweller, Robert P.](/source/Robert_P._Odenweller) ''The postage stamps of New Zealand, 1855–1873, the Chalon head issues''. London; Wellington: Royal Philatelic Society, London: Royal Philatelic Society of New Zealand, 2009 362p. * Pedersen. "Chalon - The Man Behind the Portrait." ''[The American Philatelist](/source/The_American_Philatelist)''. Vol. 93 No. 2 (February 1979). == External links == {{Commons category|Chalon head|the Chalon head stamps}} * [https://archive.today/20060211082028/http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-ArtstampOne.htm Ann Mette Heindorff, "The First Art Stamp Ever?"], article published on the ''Art History on Stamps'' website, updated 24 July 2006, page viewed 11 August 2007. Chalon head may be the first stamps inspired by a painting. * [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020117/020117030101_e.html Canadian stamps (1851–1875)] on the site of [Library and Archives Canada](/source/Library_and_Archives_Canada). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120208073102/http://100megsfree3.com/glaw/chalon/index.htm G. Law, ''New Zealand Chalon Portrait''], page viewed 9 August 2007. Category:Postage stamps Category:Postage stamps of Canada Category:Philately of Australia Category:Philately of the Bahamas Category:Philately of New Zealand Category:Philately of South Africa Category:Communications in Grenada Category:Postage stamps featuring Queen Victoria --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chalon head](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalon_head) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalon_head?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.