# Chain smoking

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{{Short description|Smoking several cigarettes or cigars in succession}}
{{redirect|Chainsmoker|the pop duo|The Chainsmokers}}
[[File:Ashtrayfull.jpg|thumb|[Ashtray](/source/Ashtray) with [cigarette butts](/source/cigarette_butts)]]

'''Chain smoking''' is the practice of [smoking](/source/smoking) several [cigarette](/source/cigarette)s in succession, sometimes using the ember of a finishing cigarette to light the next. The term '''chain smoker''' often also refers to a person who smokes relatively constantly, though not necessarily ''chaining'' each cigarette. The term applies primarily to cigarettes, although it can be used to describe incessant [cigar](/source/cigar) and [pipe smoking](/source/pipe_smoking) as well as [vaping](/source/electronic_cigarette) and the smoking of other substances such as [cannabis](/source/cannabis_(drug)). It is a common indicator of [addiction](/source/Substance_dependence).<ref>{{cite book |last=Charles |first=Gerras |title=The Encyclopedia of Common Diseases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7NZwYhrBWIC|page=17 |year=1976 |publisher=Rodale Press |isbn=978-0-87857-113-0}}</ref>

==Causes==
Many people chain-smoke when drinking [alcoholic beverage](/source/Alcoholic_drink)s, because [alcohol](/source/ethanol) potentiates [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor](/source/nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor)s, leading to [re-sensitization](/source/Reverse_tolerance), hence inducing a craving.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/14622200310001656957 |title=Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol |last1=Rose |first1=J. |last2=Brauer |first2=L. |last3=Behm |first3=F. |last4=Cramblett |first4=M. |journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research |year=2004 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=133–44 |pmid=14982697}}</ref>

The extent to which chain smoking is driven by [nicotine dependence](/source/nicotine_dependence) has been studied. It does not seem that the amount of nicotine delivered is a significant factor, as the puff volume correlates poorly with the frequency of cigarette consumption.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0091-3057(92)90535-N |title=Effects of smoking abstinence and chain-smoking on puffing topography and diurnal nicotine exposure |last1=Kolonen |first1=S. |last2=Tuomisto |first2=J. |last3=Puustinen |first3=P. |last4=Airaksinen |first4=M. M. |journal=[Pharmacol Biochem Behav](/source/Pharmacol_Biochem_Behav) |year=1992 |volume=42 |pages=327–32 |issue=2 |pmid=1631188|s2cid=30397734 }}</ref>

==Clinical use==
Chain smoking is given as an example of excessive [addictive behavior](/source/Substance_dependence) in the [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders](/source/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders).<ref>{{cite book |last=Helen |first=Keane |title=What's Wrong with Addiction? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QqZsDnXS3-cC |date=2002 |page=100 |publisher=Melbourne University Publish |isbn=978-0-522-84991-2}}</ref> It may be used as a form of [aversion therapy](/source/aversion_therapy) for smokers who are unused to such heavy smoking, inducing them to give up altogether.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cocores |first=James |title=The Clinical Management of Nicotine Dependence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-lrAAAAMAAJ |date=1991 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=978-0-387-97464-4 }}</ref>

==Ventilation==
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning ([HVAC](/source/HVAC)) professionals claim that an airflow of about 30 cubic meters per minute per smoker is required to maintain satisfactory air quality when the smokers are chain smoking.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rock |first=Brian A. |title=Ventilation for Environmental Tobacco Smoke |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PDupTtFRClkC |date= 13 January 2006 |publisher= Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-08-052539-6|page=48 }}</ref> {{asof|2006}}, research confirms that HVAC systems, while important for general air quality, cannot control exposure to [secondhand smoke](/source/Passive_smoking).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/fullreport.pdf |page=92 |title=The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General |publisher= [Office of the Surgeon General](/source/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States), [US Department of Health and Human Services](/source/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services)
|year=2006 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090205173605/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/fullreport.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-05 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [Binge drinking](/source/Binge_drinking)
* [Health effects of tobacco](/source/Health_effects_of_tobacco)
* [Nicotine withdrawal](/source/Nicotine_withdrawal)
* [Tobacco smoking](/source/Tobacco_smoking)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Clear}}
{{Smoking nav}}
{{Cigarettes}}

Category:Addiction
Category:Smoking
Category:Substance dependence

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Chain smoking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_smoking) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_smoking?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.