# Ceruletide

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Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Ceruletide Clinical data AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names ATC code V04CC04 (WHO) Identifiers IUPAC name (3S)-3-{[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl}-3-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-{2-[(3R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-4-carbamoyl-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}butanamido]-3-carboxypropanamido]-3-[4-(sulfooxy)phenyl]propanamido]-3-hydroxybutanamido]acetamido}-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanamido]propanoic acid CAS Number 17650-98-5 Y PubChem CID 16129675 DrugBank DB00403 N ChemSpider 147304 N UNII 888Y08971B KEGG D03442 N ChEBI CHEBI:59219 ChEMBL ChEMBL1201355 N CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID8040434 Chemical and physical data Formula C58H73N13O21S2 Molar mass 1352.41 g·mol−1 NY (what is this?) (verify)

**Ceruletide** ([INN](/source/International_Nonproprietary_Name)), also known as **cerulein** or **caerulein**, is a ten amino acid [oligopeptide](/source/Oligopeptide) that stimulates [smooth muscle](/source/Smooth_muscle) and increases digestive secretions. Ceruletide is similar in action and composition to [cholecystokinin](/source/Cholecystokinin). It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. It is used to induce [pancreatitis](/source/Pancreatitis) in experimental animal models.

The tree frog *Ranoidea caerulea*, formerly named *Hyla caerulae*.

Ceruletide was discovered and its structure elucidated in 1967 by Australian and Italian scientists from dried skins of the [Australian green tree frog](/source/Australian_green_tree_frog) (*Ranoidea caerulea*, formerly *Hyla caerulea*). Its amino acid sequence is Pglu-Gln-Asp-Tyr[SO3H]-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2.[1][2]

## Induction of pancreatitis

Ceruletide upregulates pancreatic [acinar cell](/source/Acinar_cell) [intercellular adhesion molecule-1](/source/Intercellular_adhesion_molecule-1) (ICAM-1) proteins through intracellular upregulation of [NF-κB](/source/NF-%CE%BAB). Surface ICAM-1 in turn promotes neutrophil adhesion onto acinar cells enhancing pancreatic [inflammation](/source/Inflammation).[3] In addition to promoting the inflammatory cell reaction to acinar cells, ceruletide induces pancreatitis through dysregulation of digestive enzyme production and cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading to acinar cell death and pancreatic edema. Ceruletide also activates [NADPH oxidase](/source/NADPH_oxidase), a source of reactive oxygen species contributing to inflammation, as well as the [Janus kinase](/source/Janus_kinase)/signal transducer, another inflammation inducer.[4]

## See also

- [Pancreatitis](/source/Pancreatitis)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Anastasi A, Erspamer V, Endean R (September 1967). "Isolation and structure of caerulein, an active decapeptide from the skin of Hyla caerulea". *Experientia*. **23** (9): 699–700. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/BF02154119](https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02154119). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [6062875](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6062875).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** De Caro G, Endean R, Erspamer V, Roseghini M (May 1968). ["Occurrence of caerulein in extracts of the skin of Hyla caerulea and other Australian hylids"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570274). *British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy*. **33** (1): 48–58. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00473.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.1968.tb00473.x). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1570274](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570274). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [5660165](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5660165).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Zaninovic V, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Mouria M, Pandol SJ (October 2000). ["Cerulein upregulates ICAM-1 in pancreatic acinar cells, which mediates neutrophil adhesion to these cells"](http://ajpgi.physiology.org/content/279/4/G666.full.pdf+html). *American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology*. **279** (4): G666-76. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.G666](https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpgi.2000.279.4.G666). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11005752](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11005752).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Kim H (September 2008). ["Cerulein pancreatitis: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2871591). *Gut and Liver*. **2** (2): 74–80. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5009/gnl.2008.2.2.74](https://doi.org/10.5009%2Fgnl.2008.2.2.74). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2871591](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2871591). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [20485614](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20485614).

v t e Diagnostic agents (V04) Digestive system Diabetes Glucose Tolbutamide Fat absorption Vitamin A concentrates Bile duct patency Ceruletide Magnesium sulfate Sincalide Sorbitol Liver functional capacity Galactose Sulfobromophthalein Gastric secretion Betazole Caffeine and sodium benzoate Cation exchange resins Histamine phosphate Methylthioninium chloride Pentagastrin Exocrine pancreatic function Bentiromide Pancreozymin cholecystokinin Secretin Endocrine system Pituitary function cortisol Corticorelin Metyrapone GH Pralmorelin Sermorelin Somatorelin Thyroid function Protirelin Thyrotropin Fertility disturbances Gonadorelin Tuberculosis Tuberculin Renal function Alsactide Aminohippuric acid Indigo carmine Inulin and other polyfructosans Phenolsulfonphthalein

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ceruletide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruletide) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruletide?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.