# Cercidoideae

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{{Short description|Subfamily of legumes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|57|0|[Late Paleocene](/source/Late_Paleocene) - recent|ref=<ref name=mobot>{{Cite web |title=Fabales|url=https://mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/fabalesweb.htm|access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.mobot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=Yi |last2=Song |first2=Ai |last3=Deng |first3=Wei-Yu-Dong |last4=Chen |first4=Lin-Lin |last5=Liu |first5=Jia |last6=Li |first6=Wei-Cheng |last7=Srivastava |first7=Gaurav |last8=Spicer |first8=Robert A. |last9=Zhou |first9=Zhe-Kun |last10=Su |first10=Tao |date=2023 |title=The oldest fossil record of Bauhinia s.s. (Fabaceae) from the Tibetan Plateau sheds light on its evolutionary and biogeographic implications |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2244495 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2244495 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2144495G |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}}
| image = Cercis siliquastrum MHNT.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Cercis siliquastrum](/source/Cercis_siliquastrum)''
| image2 = Bauhinia × blakeana (Kachnar) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1463.jpg
| image2_caption = ''[Phanera variegata](/source/Phanera_variegata)''
| taxon = Cercidoideae
| authority = Legume Phylogeny Working Group<ref name="6subfamilies">{{cite journal | author = The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). | year = 2017 | title = A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny | journal = [Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal)) | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–77 | doi = 10.12705/661.3| doi-access = free | hdl = 10568/90658 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
| type_genus = ''[Cercis](/source/Cercis)''
| type_genus_authority = L.
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = * Bauhiniaceae <small>Martynov 1820</small>
* Cerceae <small>Bronn 1822</small>
* Cercideae <small>Bronn 1822</small>
}}

'''Cercidoideae''' is a subfamily in the pea family, [Fabaceae](/source/Fabaceae). Well-known members include ''[Cercis](/source/Cercis)'' (redbuds), including species widely cultivated as ornamental trees in the United States and Europe, ''[Bauhinia](/source/Bauhinia)'', widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical Asia, and ''[Tylosema](/source/Tylosema)'' , a semi-woody genus of Africa. The subfamily occupies a basal position within the [Fabaceae](/source/Fabaceae) and is supported as [monophyletic](/source/monophyly) in many [molecular phylogenies](/source/molecular_phylogenetics).<ref name="Doyle">{{cite book | vauthors = Doyle JJ, Chappill JA, Bailey CD, Kajita T | year = 2000 | chapter = Towards a comprehensive phylogeny of legumes: Evidence from ''rbcL'' sequences and non-molecular data | veditors = Herendeen PS, Bruneau A | title = Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9 | chapter-url = http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 | location = Kew, UK | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens | pages = 1–20 | isbn = 184246017X | access-date = 2014-05-04 | archive-date = 2014-01-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116180637/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Bruneau1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruneau A, Forest F, Herendeen PS, Klitgaard BB, Lewis GP | year = 2001 | title = Phylogenetic Relationships in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as Inferred from Chloroplast ''trnL'' Intron Sequences | journal = [Syst Bot](/source/Systematic_Botany) | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 487–514 | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.487 | doi = 10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.487 | doi-broken-date = 11 July 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davis CC, Fritsch PW, Li J, Donoghue MJ | year = 2002 | title = Phylogeny and Biogeography of Cercis (Fabaceae): Evidence from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS and Chloroplast ''ndhF'' Sequence Data | journal = [Syst Bot](/source/Systematic_Botany) | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–302 | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0363-6445-27.2.289 | doi = 10.1043/0363-6445-27.2.289 | doi-broken-date = 11 July 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Wojciechowski">{{cite journal | doi = 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846 | title = A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid ''matK'' gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family | year = 2004 |vauthors=Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M, Sanderson MJ | s2cid = 13934619 | journal = [Am J Bot](/source/American_Journal_of_Botany) | volume = 91 | pages = 1846–62 | issue = 11 | pmid = 21652332 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Bruneau2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruneau A, Mercure M, Lewis GP, Herendeen PS | year = 2008 | title = Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in the caesalpinioid legumes | journal = [Botany](/source/Botany_(journal)) | volume = 86 | issue = 7 | pages = 697–718 | doi=10.1139/b08-058}}</ref><ref name="LPWG1">{{cite journal | author = LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] | year = 2013 | title = Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades | journal = [Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal)) | volume = 62 | issue = 2 | pages = 217–248 | doi=10.12705/622.8| hdl = 11336/27330 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/78167/1/Taxon_2013_217-248.pdf }}</ref> At the 6th International Legume Conference, the Legume Phylogeny Working Group proposed elevating the tribe Cercidae to the level of subfamily within the Leguminosae (Fabaceae).<ref name="LPWG2">{{cite journal | title = Towards a new classification system for legumes: Progress report from the 6th International Legume Conference | year = 2013 | author = LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] | journal = [S Afr J Bot](/source/South_African_Journal_of_Botany) | volume = 89 | pages = 3–9 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.022 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11336/29300 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> The consensus agreed to the change, which was fully implemented in 2017.<ref name="6subfamilies"/> It has the following clade-based definition:
<blockquote>The most inclusive crown clade containing ''[Cercis canadensis](/source/Cercis_canadensis)'' <small>L.</small> and ''[Bauhinia divaricata](/source/Bauhinia_divaricata)'' <small>L.</small> but not ''[Poeppigia procera](/source/Poeppigia_procera)'' <small>C.Presl</small>, ''[Duparquetia orchidacea](/source/Duparquetia_orchidacea)'' <small>Baill.</small>, or ''[Bobgunnia fistuloides](/source/Bobgunnia_fistuloides)'' <small>(Harms) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema.</small><ref name="6subfamilies"/></blockquote>
Many genera show unique [palynology](/source/palynology).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Banks H, Forest F, Lewis GP | year = 2013 | title = Palynological contribution to the systematics and taxonomy of ''Bauhinia s.l.'' (Leguminosae: Cercideae) | journal = South African Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | pages = 219–226 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.028| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Banks H, Forest F, Lewis GP | year = 2014 | title = Evolution and diversity of pollen morphology in tribe Cercideae (Leguminosae) | journal = [Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal)) | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 299–314 | doi = 10.12705/632.37 }}</ref>

==Genera==
[[File:Lysiphyllum hookeri Flower.jpg|thumb|right|''[Lysiphyllum hookeri](/source/Lysiphyllum_hookeri)'']]
[[File:Bauhinia divaricata2.jpg|thumb|right|''[Bauhinia divaricata](/source/Bauhinia_divaricata)'']]
Cercidoideae comprises the following genera<ref name="6subfamilies"/><ref name="Sinou">{{cite journal | title = The genus ''Bauhinia s.l.'' (Leguminosae): A phylogeny based on the plastid ''trnL''–''trnF'' region | year = 2009 |vauthors=Sinou C, Forest F, Lewis GP, Bruneau A | journal = [Botany](/source/Botany_(journal)) | volume = 87 | issue = 10 | pages = 947–960 | doi = 10.1139/B09-065 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) | year = 2010 | author = Wunderlin RP | journal = [Phytoneuron](/source/Phytoneuron) | volume = 48 | pages = 1–5 | url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Cercideae.pdf }}</ref> organized into tribes:<ref name="Wunderlin1">{{cite journal | title = Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) | year = 2010 | author = Wunderlin RP | journal = [Phytoneuron](/source/Phytoneuron) | volume = 48 | pages = 1–5 | url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Cercideae.pdf }}</ref>

===Cercideae===
*''[Adenolobus](/source/Adenolobus)'' <small>(Harv. ex Benth. & Hook.f.) Torre & Hillc.</small>
<!-- Bandeiraea was reclassified as Griffonia. -->
*''[Cercis](/source/Cercis)'' <small>L.</small>
*''[Griffonia](/source/Griffonia)'' <small>Baill.</small>
<!-- Siliquastrum was reclassified as Cercis. -->

===Bauhinieae===
<!-- Alvesia was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Amaria was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Ariaria was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
*''[Barklya](/source/Barklya)'' <small>F. Muell.</small>
*''[Bauhinia](/source/Bauhinia)'' <small>L.</small>
<!-- Bracteolanthus was reclassified as Lysiphyllum. -->
*''[Brenierea](/source/Brenierea)'' <small>Humbert</small>
<!-- Cansenia was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Caspareopsis was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Casparia was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Caulotretus was reclassified as Schnella. -->
*''[Cheniella](/source/Cheniella)'' <small>R.Clark & Mackinder</small><ref name="Cheniella">{{cite journal|vauthors=Clark RP, Mackinder BA, Banks H | year = 2017 | title = ''Cheniella'' gen. nov. (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) from southern China, Indochina and Malesia | journal = European Journal of Taxonomy | issue = 360 | pages = 1–37 | doi = 10.5852/ejt.2017.360| doi-access = free }}</ref>
<!-- Elayuna was reclassified as Piliostigma. -->
*''[Gigasiphon](/source/Gigasiphon)'' <small>Drake</small>
<!-- Lacara was reclassified as Schnella. -->
<!-- Locellaria was reclassified as Piliostigma. -->
*''[Lysiphyllum](/source/Lysiphyllum)'' <small>(Benth.) deWit</small>
<!-- Mandarus was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Mandarus was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Monoteles was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
<!-- Perlebia was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
*''[Phanera](/source/Phanera)'' <small>Lour.</small><ref name="Jiang"/> (includes ''[Lasiobema](/source/Lasiobema)'' <small>(Korth.) Miq.</small>{{#tag:ref|Several sources now treat ''Lasiobema'' as a section of genus ''Phanera''.|group=Note}})
*''[Piliostigma](/source/Piliostigma)'' <small>Hochst.</small>
*''[Schnella](/source/Schnella)'' <small>Raddi</small>
<!-- Telestria was reclassified as Bauhinia. -->
*''[Tournaya](/source/Tournaya)'' <small>A.Schmitz</small><ref name="Jiang">{{cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Kai-Wen |title=New Combinations in the Genus Phanera (Fabaceae: Cercidoideae) of China |journal=J. Jpn. Bot. |date=2020 |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=211–213}}</ref>
*''[Tylosema](/source/Tylosema)'' <small>(Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.</small>

===Extinct===
* [†](/source/Extinction)''[Bauhcis](/source/Bauhcis)'' <small>Calvillo-Canadell and Cevallos-Ferriz</small><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00135-5 | title = ''Bauhcis moranii'' gen. et sp. nov. (Cercideae, Caesalpinieae), an Oligocene plant from Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mex., with leaf architecture similar to ''Bauhinia'' and ''Cercis'' | year = 2002 |vauthors=Calvillo-Canadell L, Cevallos-Ferriz SR | journal = [Rev Palaeobot Palynol](/source/Review_of_Palaeobotany_and_Palynology) | volume = 122 | pages = 171–184 | issue = 3–4 | bibcode = 2002RPaPa.122..171C }}</ref>

==Phylogeny==
[Molecular phylogenetics](/source/Phylogenetics) suggest the following relationships:<ref name="Sinou"/><ref name="Wunderlin1"/><ref name="Cheniella"/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang YH, Wicke S, Wang H, Jin JJ, Chen SY, Zhang SD, Li DZ, Yi TS | year = 2018 | title = Plastid Genome Evolution in the Early-Diverging Legume Subfamily Cercidoideae (Fabaceae) | journal = Frontiers in Plant Science | volume = 138 | issue = 138 | pages = 1–12 | doi = 10.3389/fpls.2018.00138| pmid = 29479365 | pmc = 5812350 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

{{Clade| style=line-height:75%;
|label1=[Fabales](/source/Fabales)
|1={{clade
  |1=[Detarioideae](/source/Detarioideae) ([outgroup](/source/Outgroup_(cladistics)))
  |label2='''Cercidoideae'''
  |2={{clade
    |1=''[Cercis](/source/Cercis)''
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[Adenolobus](/source/Adenolobus)''
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[Griffonia](/source/Griffonia)''
        |2={{clade
          |1={{clade
            |1=''[Piliostigma](/source/Piliostigma)''
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[Brenierea](/source/Brenierea)''
              |2=''[Bauhinia](/source/Bauhinia) sensu stricto''
               }}
             }}
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[Gigasiphon](/source/Gigasiphon)''
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[Tylosema](/source/Tylosema)''
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[Schnella](/source/Schnella)''
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[Barklya](/source/Barklya)''
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[Lysiphyllum](/source/Lysiphyllum)''
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[Cheniella](/source/Cheniella)''
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''[Lasiobema](/source/Lasiobema)''
                        |2=''[Phanera](/source/Phanera)''
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Wikispecies inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q42398994}}

Category:Cercidoideae
Category:Rosid subfamilies

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cercidoideae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercidoideae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercidoideae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.