# Celso Ceretti > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Celso_Ceretti > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Celso_Ceretti.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Ceretti > Source revision: 1341976335 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Italian anarchist (1844–1909) Celso Ceretti Ceretti in a photograph Born (1844-01-13)13 January 1844 Mirandola, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States Died 12 January 1909(1909-01-12) (aged 64) Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy Occupation Politician **Celso Ceretti** (13 January 1844 – 12 January 1909) was an Italian supporter of [Giuseppe Garibaldi](/source/Giuseppe_Garibaldi), an internationalist [anarchist](/source/Anarchist) and then a [socialist](/source/Socialist) politician. ## Early years Celso Ceretti was born on 23 January 1844 in [Mirandola](/source/Mirandola), [Emilia-Romagna](/source/Emilia-Romagna), at the time part of the [Papal States](/source/Papal_States), the son of Luigi Ceretti and Maria Malagodi. His father had been imprisoned for the riots of 1831 and educated his children in democratic ideals.[1] When he was fourteen, he enlisted in Garibaldi's expedition to [Sicily](/source/Sicily).[2] He joined in 1859. In 1860–1861, he served in Sicily and the mainland with the rank of sergeant. In 1862, he was in [Aspromonte](/source/Aspromonte). In 1866, he became an officer of the 9th regiment. In 1867, he served in [Agro Romano](/source/Agro_Romano).[1] He became one of Garibaldi's closest followers and later served as a link between him and the [labor movement](/source/Labor_movement).[2] ## Activist In 1870, Cerretti joined Garibaldi's [Army of the Vosges](/source/Army_of_the_Vosges).[1] In 1871, he participated in the defense of France and the [Paris Commune](/source/Paris_Commune). That year, he founded the Anti-Catholic Republican Society in Mirandola. Ceretti was one of the founders of the Italian Section of the [International Workingmen's Association](/source/International_Workingmen's_Association) (IWA).[2] By 1871, Garibaldi was still respected by socialists elsewhere in Italy, but it was only in [Romagna](/source/Romagna) that his leadership was seen as essential for a people's republic. At first, Ceretti, [Lodovico Nabruzzi](/source/Lodovico_Nabruzzi) and [Paride Suzzara Verdi](/source/Paride_Suzzara_Verdi) shared this view.[3] Garibaldi planned to call a democratic congress, but he canceled it due to the factional squabbles. With [Mikhail Bakunin](/source/Mikhail_Bakunin)'s support, Nabruzzi, Ceretti, [Andrea Costa](/source/Andrea_Costa) and others arranged a conference on 17 March 1872 in [Bologna](/source/Bologna), where most of the internationalist sections of Romagna were represented.[4] The congress rejected [Giuseppe Mazzini](/source/Giuseppe_Mazzini)'s view that the question of social reform could follow creation of a republic and also voted against participating in elections, in effect moving towards Bakunin's position.[5] On 11 March 1873, Ceretti was arrested for his IWA activities and imprisoned for five months. He was then tried for "conspiracy" and acquitted. Later that year, he tried to organize a second IWA Congress in Mirandola, but this was forbidden by the authorities.[2] In 1873, he commanded a force in Spain against the [Carlists](/source/Carlist). In 1874, he was assistant to [Mićo Ljubibratić](/source/Mi%C4%87o_Ljubibrati%C4%87) in [Herzegovina](/source/Herzegovina). In 1875, he commanded the Italian Legion in [Serbia](/source/Serbia) with the rank of major in the struggle against [Turkish](/source/Turkey) rule.[1] ## Mirandola stabbing and later years Main article: [Mirandola stabbing](/source/Mirandola_stabbing) In 1886, Ceretti founded the Society of Radical Veterans. In 1888, in Mirandola, he founded the socialist periodical *Il Sole dell'Avvenire (The Sun of the Future)*. In 1890, he was the first socialist to enter the municipal council of Mirandola.[2] He came into conflict with the anarchists of the [Intransigents of London and Paris](/source/Intransigents_of_London_and_Paris) group after they published a text targeting [Amilcare Cipriani](/source/Amilcare_Cipriani), another defector from anarchism who had become a socialist politician.[6] In their text, the *[Manifesto degl’ anarchici in lingua italiana al popolo d’Italia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manifesto_degl%E2%80%99_anarchici_in_lingua_italiana_al_popolo_d%E2%80%99Italia&action=edit&redlink=1)*, the anarchists accused him of defending nationalist positions.[6] In response to these criticisms, Ceretti used his newspaper to target the anarchists in question, describing them as [police informants](/source/Informant) and [provocateurs](/source/Agent_provocateur).[6] The insults contained in the newspaper greatly displeased the main subjects, [Vittorio Pini](/source/Vittorio_Pini) and [Luigi Parmeggiani](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Parmeggiani&action=edit&redlink=1), who traveled to Mirandola to 'settle the score' with him.[6] They stabbed him, and he survived, according to Pini simply because, upon entering his house, he noticed Ceretti had a child, which reportedly prompted him to spare his life.[7] Ceretti died on 12 January 1909 in [Ferrara](/source/Ferrara).[2] ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasini1979_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasini1979_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasini1979_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasini1979_1-3) [Masini 1979](#CITEREFMasini1979). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre_2-5) [Celso Ceretti: Estel Negre](#CITEREFCelso_Ceretti:_Estel_Negre). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindranathan1981506_3-0)** [Ravindranathan 1981](#CITEREFRavindranathan1981), p. 506. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindranathan1981512_4-0)** [Ravindranathan 1981](#CITEREFRavindranathan1981), p. 512. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavindranathan1981513_5-0)** [Ravindranathan 1981](#CITEREFRavindranathan1981), p. 513. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:1_6-3) ["PINI, Vittorio, Achillo"](https://militants-anarchistes.info/spip.php?article9786). *Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes*. Retrieved 2025-09-28. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-:0_7-0)** "La bande Pini" [Pini's gang]. *La République française* (in French). 11 July 1889. ## Sources - ["Celso Ceretti"](http://www.estelnegre.org/anarcoefemerides/1201.html), *Anarcoefemèrides del 12 de gener*, Estel Negre, 12 January 2013, retrieved 5 September 2013 - Masini, Pier Carlo (1979). "Ceretti, Celso". [*Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani*](http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/celso-ceretti_(Dizionario-Biografico)/) (in Italian). Vol. 23. Retrieved 5 September 2013. - Ravindranathan, T. R. (October 1981), "The Paris Commune and the First International in Italy: Republicanism versus Socialism, 1871-1872", *The International History Review*, **3** (4), Taylor & Francis: 482–516, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/07075332.1981.9640259](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.1981.9640259), [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [40105174](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105174) Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat National United States Italy People Italian People Other Yale LUX --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Celso Ceretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Ceretti) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Ceretti?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.