# Ceiniog

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{{Short description|Basic currency of the medieval Welsh kingdoms}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Wiktionary}}
The '''ceiniog''' ({{langx|la|denarius}}; {{langx|en|penny}}; plural: ''ceiniogau''; prob. from {{wikt-lang|cy|cant}}, "circle") was the basic [currency](/source/currency) of the medieval [Welsh kingdoms](/source/Welsh_kingdoms) such as [Gwynedd](/source/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd) and [Deheubarth](/source/Deheubarth). [Hywel Dda](/source/Hywel_Dda) was the only ruler recorded as minting his own proper coins; however, the ceiniog was not a coin but a value of silver. The "legal penny" ({{langx|la|denarius legalis}}; {{langx|cy|ceiniog cyfreith}}) was the weight of 32 wheat grains in silver; the "curt penny" ({{langx|cy|ceiniog cwta}}), the weight of 24 wheat grains. The latter was based on the old [Roman pound](/source/Roman_pound); the former, [Charlemagne's](/source/livre_esterlin) and [Offa's](/source/Anglo-Saxon_pound).<ref>[Wade-Evans, Arthur](/source/Wade-Evans%2C_Arthur). ''[Welsh Medieval Laws](/source/s%3APage%3AWelsh_Medieval_Law.djvu%2F432)''. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.</ref> The Welsh half-penny was the '''dymey''' of 12 wheat grains (roughly one-third the "legal penny")<ref name=lewis>Lewis, Timothy. ''[https://archive.org/stream/glossaryofmediae00lewi#page/130/mode/2up A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk]''. Univ. Press (Manchester), 1913.</ref> and the farthing (quarter-penny) was the '''firdlyc''' of 6.<ref>Lewis, p. [https://archive.org/stream/glossaryofmediae00lewi#page/150/mode/2up 150].</ref>

Since the value in ceiniogau of most common goods and animals were regulated by the [Laws of Hywel Dda](/source/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda), the system also simplified [barter](/source/barter) in Wales.

==References==
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Category:Medieval currencies

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ceiniog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiniog) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiniog?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.