# CeCoIn5

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**CeCoIn5** ("Cerium-Cobalt-Indium 5") is a [heavy-fermion superconductor](/source/Heavy-fermion_superconductor) with a layered [crystal structure](/source/Crystal_structure), with somewhat two-dimensional electronic transport properties.[1] The critical temperature of 2.3 K is the highest among all of the Ce-based heavy-fermion superconductors.[2]

## Material system

CeCoIn5 is a member of a rich family of [heavy-fermion compounds](/source/Heavy_fermion_material).[3][4] CeIn3 is heavy-fermion metal with cubic crystal structure that orders antiferromagnetically below 10K. With applying external pressure, [antiferromagnetism](/source/Antiferromagnetism) in CeIn3 is continuously suppressed, and a superconducting dome emerges in the [phase diagram](/source/Phase_diagram) near the antiferromagnetic [quantum critical point](/source/Quantum_critical_point).[5] CeCoIn5 has a tetragonal crystal structure, and the unit cell of CeCoIn5 can be considered as 'CeIn3 with an additional CoIn2 layer per unit cell'. Closely related to CeCoIn5 is the heavy-fermion material CeRhIn5, which has the same crystal structure and which orders antiferromagnetically below 4K, but does not become superconducting at [ambient pressure](/source/Ambient_pressure). At high pressure CeRhIn5 becomes superconducting with a maximum Tc slightly above 2 K at a pressure around 2 GPa,[6] and at the same pressure the [Fermi surface](/source/Fermi_surface) of CeRhIn5 changes [7] suggesting so-called local quantum criticality. Also the compound PuCoGa5, which is a superconductor with Tc approximately 18.5 K and which can be considered an intermediate between heavy-fermion and [cuprate superconductors](/source/Cuprate_superconductor), has the same crystal structure.[8][9]

Growth of [single-crystalline](/source/Single_crystal) CeCoIn5 has been very successful soon after the discovery of the material, and large single crystals of CeCoIn5, such as required for [inelastic neutron scattering](/source/Inelastic_neutron_scattering), have been prepared. (In contrast to some other heavy-fermion compounds where single-crystal growth is more challenging.)

## Superconducting properties

The upper [critical magnetic field](/source/Critical_magnetic_field) Hc2 of the superconducting state of CeCoIn5 is anisotropic, in accordance with the crystal structure and other physical properties. For magnetic fields applied along the [100] direction, Hc2 amounts to approximately 11.6 T, and Hc2 for fields along the [001] directions to 4.95 T.[10]

The superconducting order parameter has d-wave symmetry, as established by several experiments,[11][12] such as [scanning tunneling microscopy](/source/Scanning_tunneling_microscope) (STM) and [spectroscopy](/source/Scanning_tunneling_spectroscopy) (STS).[13]

Detailed studies close to the [critical field](/source/Critical_field) have been performed on CeCoIn5, and indications were found that certain regimes in the phase diagram of this material should be interpreted in terms of the [Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase](/source/Fulde%E2%80%93Ferrell%E2%80%93Larkin%E2%80%93Ovchinnikov_phase).[10][1] Subsequently, the neutron-diffraction experiments showed that this regime features a more complex phase that also exhibits incommensurate antiferromagnetic order, a so-called 'Q phase'.[14]

Evidence for a delocalization quantum [phase transition](/source/Phase_transition) without symmetry breaking is presented.[15]

## References

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1. Petrovic, C.; Pagliuso, P.G.; Hundley, M.F.; Movshovich, R.; Sarrao, J.L.; Thompson, J.D.; Fisk, Z.; Monthoux, P. (2001). "Heavy-fermion superconductivity in CeCoIn5 at 2.3 K". *J. Phys.: Condens. Matter*. **13** (17): L337–L342. [arXiv:cond-mat/0103168](https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0103168). [Bibcode:2001JPCM...13L.337P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JPCM...13L.337P). [doi:10.1088/0953-8984/13/17/103](https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/13/17/103). [S2CID 59148857](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59148857)

1. Thompson, J.D.; Nicklas, M.; Bianchi, A.; Movshovich, R.; Llobet, A.; Bao, W.; Malinowski, A.; Hundley, M.F.; Moreno, N.O.; Pagliuso, P.G.; Sarrao, J.L.; Nakatsuji, S.; Fisk, Z.; Borth, R.; Lengyel, E.; Oeschler, N.; Sparn, G.; Steglich, F. (2003). "Magnetism and unconventional superconductivity in CenMmIn3n+2m heavy-fermion crystals". *Physica B*. **329–333**: 446–449. [arXiv:cond-mat/0209115](https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0209115). [Bibcode:2003PhyB..329..446T](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhyB..329..446T). [doi:10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01987-7](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01987-7). [S2CID 119105150](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119105150)

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1. Hegger, H.; Petrovic, C.; Moshopoulou, E.G.; Hundley, M.F.; Sarrao, J.L.; Fisk, Z.; Thompson, J.D. (2000). ["Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in Quasi-2D CeRhIn5"](https://zenodo.org/record/1233931). *Phys. Rev. Lett.*. **84** (21): 4986–4989. [Bibcode:2000PhRvL..84.4986H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhRvL..84.4986H). [doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4986](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4986). [PMID 10990848](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10990848). [S2CID 11609334](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11609334)

1. Shishido, Hiroaki; Sattai, Rikio; Harima, Hisatomo; Ōnuki, Yoshichika (2005). "A Drastic Change of the Fermi Surface at a Critical Pressure in CeRhIn5: dHvA Study under Pressure". *J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.*. **74** (4): 1103–1106. [Bibcode:2005JPSJ...74.1103S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JPSJ...74.1103S). [doi:10.1143/JPSJ.74.1103](https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.74.1103)

1. J. L. Sarrao et al., Nature **420** 297 (2002) 'Plutonium-based superconductivity with a transition temperature above 18 K'

1. Bauer, E.D. & Thompson, J.D. (2015). "Plutonium-Based Heavy-Fermion Systems". *Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.*. **6**: 137–153. [arXiv:1601.06329](https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.06329). [Bibcode:2015ARCMP...6..137B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ARCMP...6..137B). [doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014508](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014508). [S2CID 119303493](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119303493)

1. Bianchi, A.; Movshovich, R.; Capan, C.; Pagliuso, P.G.; Sarrao, J.L. (2003). "Possible Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State in CeCoIn5". *Phys. Rev. Lett.*. **91** (18). [arXiv:cond-mat/0304420](https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0304420). [Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91r7004B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvL..91r7004B). [doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.187004](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.187004). [PMID 14611309](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14611309). [S2CID 25005211](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25005211)

1. Kohori, Y. et al. (2001). "NMR and NQR studies of the heavy fermion superconductors CeTIn5(T=Co and Ir)". *Phys. Rev. B*. **64** (13). [Bibcode:2001PhRvB..64m4526K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhRvB..64m4526K). [doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134526](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134526)

1. Izawa, K. et al. (2001). "Angular Position of Nodes in the Superconducting Gap of Quasi-2D Heavy-Fermion Superconductor CeCoIn5". *Phys. Rev. Lett.*. **87** (5). [arXiv:cond-mat/0104225](https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0104225). [Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87e7002I](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhRvL..87e7002I). [doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.057002](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.057002). [PMID 11497799](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11497799). [S2CID 2738552](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2738552)

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1. Kenzelmann, M.; Gerber, S.; Gavilano, J.L.; Strässle, T.; Bianchi, A.D.; Ressouche, E.; Movshovich, R.; Bauer; Sarrao, J.L.; Thompson, J.D. (2010). ["Evidence for a Magnetically Driven Superconducting Q Phase of CeCoIn5"](https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A15555/datastream/PDF/view). *Phys. Rev. Lett.*. **104** (12). [Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104l7001K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvL.104l7001K). [doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.127001](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.127001). [PMID 20366558](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20366558)

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