# Cationization of cotton > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cationization_of_cotton > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cationization_of_cotton.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationization_of_cotton > Source revision: 1311144559 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Chemical process}} The '''cationization of cotton''' is an [electrokinetic process](/source/Electrokinetic_phenomena) for [surface-charging](/source/Surface_charge) [cotton](/source/cotton) with negative [ions.](/source/Ion) Cationization alters the characterization of the surface of the cotton, which allows salt-free [dyeing](/source/dyeing) and improves the dyeability of cotton. The process involves the chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents with [cellulose](/source/cellulose).{{Cite book|last=Paul|first=Roshan|title=Denim: Manufacture, Finishing and Applications|publisher=Elsevier science|year=2015|isbn=9780857098498|pages=279}}{{Cite journal|last1=Arivithamani|first1=Nallathambi|last2=Giri Dev|first2=Venkateshwarapuram Rengaswami|date=2018|title=Characterization and comparison of salt-free reactive dyed cationized cotton hosiery fabrics with that of conventional dyed cotton fabrics|url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201800130501|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=183|pages=579–589|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.175|language=en|issn=0959-6526|url-access=subscription}}{{Citation|last1=Derjaguin|first1=B. V.|title=Kinetic Theory of Flotation of Small Particles|date=1984|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7972-4_2|work=Surface and Colloid Science|pages=71–113|place=Boston, MA|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-1-4615-7974-8|access-date=2020-10-05|last2=Dukhin|first2=S. S.|last3=Rulyov|first3=N. N.|doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-7972-4_2|url-access=subscription}} == Methods of cationization == Cationization involves the modification of cellulosic macromolecules that have positively charged sites, by using a chemical reaction with cationic reagents; for example, with a [quaternary ammonium cation](/source/quaternary_ammonium_cation) or using (3-chloro-2-hydroxylpropyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CHPTAC).{{Cite book|last=Mark Marzinke|first=William Clarke|title=Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry|publisher=Elsevier Science|year=2020|isbn=9780128158333|pages=146}}{{Cite journal|last1=Gao|first1=Yanhong|last2=Li|first2=Qun|last3=Shi|first3=Yu|last4=Cha|first4=Ruitao|date=2016-06-15|title=Preparation and Application of Cationic Modified Cellulose Fibrils as a Papermaking Additive|journal=International Journal of Polymer Science|volume=2016 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2016/6978434 |language=en |doi-access=free }} == Advantages == Cotton possesses a negative surface charge, while reactive and direct dyes also carry a negative charge. The like charges repel each other, and the addition of salt aids in dyeing by generating a positive charge on the cotton surface.{{Cite journal |date=2021-05-17 |title=Cotton dyeing with indigo using alkaline pectinase and Fe(II) salt |journal=Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |doi=10.56042/ijftr.v46i1.29839 |issn=0971-0426|doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Ru |first1=Jidong |last2=Qian |first2=Xueren |last3=Wang |first3=Ying |date=2018-08-29 |title=Low-Salt or Salt-Free Dyeing of Cotton Fibers with Reactive Dyes using Liposomes as Dyeing/Level-Dyeing Promotors |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=13045 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31501-7 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6115468 |pmid=30158565|bibcode=2018NatSR...813045R }} The industry has predominantly used reactive dyes to color knitted cotton goods. The treatment of [salt](/source/salt)-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns. Cotton cationization is one of the most effective solutions to the aforementioned problem.{{Cite journal |last1=Nallathambi |first1=Arivithamani |last2=Venkateshwarapuram Rengaswami |first2=Giri Dev |date=2017-10-15 |title=Industrial scale salt-free reactive dyeing of cationized cotton fabric with different reactive dye chemistry |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861717306823 |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |language=en |volume=174 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.045 |pmid=28821052 |issn=0144-8617|url-access=subscription }} Cationization of cotton enables salt-free dyeing and enhances the dyeability of the substrate with anionic dyes such as [reactive](/source/Reactive_dye) dyes and [direct dye](/source/direct_dye)s. Water and salt consumption are one of the [major](/source/Elephant_in_the_room) problems in dyeing, especially of cotton, which leads to substantial environmental impact with extra time and cost. Secondly, washing off the residual salt is also important for [washing-fastness](/source/Washing_fastness) properties, which needs more washing baths. Cationization of cotton reduces the [effluent](/source/Effluent_Treatment_Plant), TDS load, and water consumption in comparison to the conventional dyeing processes.{{Cite book|last=Muthu|first=Subramanian Senthilkannan|title=Sustainable Innovations in Textile Chemistry and Dyes|publisher=Springer|year=2018|isbn=9789811086007|location=Singapore|pages=13}} == See also == * [Quaternary ammonium cation](/source/Quaternary_ammonium_cation) == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10098-017-1425-y Category:Cotton Category:Textile chemistry Category:Properties of textiles --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cationization of cotton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationization_of_cotton) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationization_of_cotton?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). 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