# Catholic Church in Italy

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Catholic Church in Italy Italian: Chiesa cattolica in Italia Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, the cathedra seat of the Pope as Primate of Italy. Type National polity Classification Catholic Orientation Latin Scripture Bible Theology Catholic theology Polity Episcopal Governance Episcopal Conference of Italy Pope Leo XIV President Matteo Maria Zuppi Primate Pope Leo XIV Apostolic Nuncio Petar Rajič Region Italy, Vatican City Language Italian, Latin Headquarters Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran Founder Apostles Peter and Paul Origin 1st century Rome, Roman Empire Separations Protestantism in Italy (16th century) Members 57,000,000 Official website Episcopal Conference of Italy

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The **Italian Catholic Church**, or **Catholic Church in Italy**, is part of the worldwide [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) in [communion](/source/Full_communion) with the [Pope](/source/Pope) in [Rome](/source/Rome), under the [Conference of Italian Bishops](/source/Conference_of_Italian_Bishops). The pope also serves as [Primate of Italy](/source/Primate_of_Italy) and Bishop of [Rome](/source/Diocese_of_Rome). In addition to the [Italian Republic](/source/Italy), two other sovereign states are included in Italian dioceses: [San Marino](/source/San_Marino) and [Vatican City](/source/Vatican_City). There are 225 dioceses in the Catholic Church in Italy; see further in this article and in the article [List of Catholic dioceses in Italy](/source/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Italy).

The pope resides in Vatican City, enclaved in Rome. Having been a major centre for Christian [pilgrimage](/source/Pilgrimage) since the [Roman Empire](/source/Roman_Empire), Rome is commonly regarded as the "home" of the Catholic Church, since it is where [Saint Peter](/source/Saint_Peter) settled, ministered, served as bishop, and died.[1] His [relics](/source/Relic) are located in Rome along with [Saint Paul](/source/Saint_Paul)'s, among many other saints of [Early Christianity](/source/Early_Christianity).

Owing to the [Italian Renaissance](/source/Italian_Renaissance), church art in Italy is extraordinary, including works by [Leonardo da Vinci](/source/Leonardo_da_Vinci), [Michelangelo](/source/Michelangelo), [Fra Carnevale](/source/Fra_Carnevale), [Gian Lorenzo Bernini](/source/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini), [Sandro Botticelli](/source/Sandro_Botticelli), [Tintoretto](/source/Tintoretto), [Titian](/source/Titian), [Raphael](/source/Raphael), and [Giotto](/source/Giotto), etc.

Italian church architecture is equally spectacular and historically important to [Western culture](/source/Western_culture), notably [St. Peter's Basilica](/source/St._Peter's_Basilica) in Rome, [Cathedral of St. Mark](/source/St_Mark's_Basilica)'s in [Venice](/source/Venice), and [Brunelleschi](/source/Filippo_Brunelleschi)'s [Florence Cathedral](/source/Florence_Cathedral), which includes the "Gates of Paradise" doors at the Baptistery by [Lorenzo Ghiberti](/source/Lorenzo_Ghiberti).

The status of the Catholic Church as the sole official religion in Italy ended in 1985, with the renegotiation of the [Lateran Treaty](/source/Lateran_Treaty).

## History

[St Peter's Basilica](/source/St_Peter's_Basilica) and [Vatican City](/source/Vatican_City), in [Rome](/source/Rome)

Christianity arrived on the Italian peninsula in the first century, probably by unknown travellers, traders or soldiers. The [Letter to the Romans](/source/Letter_to_the_Romans) of [Paul the Apostle](/source/Paul_the_Apostle) is addressed and attests to the presence of Roman Christians in the first century. Christians in [Rome](/source/Rome) were also in touch with [St. Peter](/source/St._Peter) and St. Paul the Apostle, both of whom went to Rome on mission and were eventually martyred there. One of the first Italian bishops and popes was [Clement of Rome](/source/Clement_of_Rome), who wrote a letter to the Christian community in [Corinth](/source/Ancient_Corinth) (*[1 Clement](/source/1_Clement)*) around AD 96.

Over its two thousand-year history, the Church of Italy grew in size and influence producing and harboring (sometimes before [martyrdom](/source/Martyrdom)) some of the greatest leaders and movers of Catholic Christianity including [Priscilla and Aquila](/source/Priscilla_and_Aquila); [Ignatius of Antioch](/source/Ignatius_of_Antioch), martyred in Rome; [Polycarp](/source/Polycarp), martyred in Rome and a disciple of [John the Evangelist](/source/John_the_Evangelist); [Agnes](/source/Saint_Agnes), Roman martyr; [Lawrence](/source/Lawrence_of_Rome), martyr; [Justin Martyr](/source/Justin_Martyr), teacher and martyr; [Hippolytus](/source/Hippolytus_of_Rome), priest and martyr; [Cecilia](/source/Saint_Cecilia), Roman martyr; [Ambrose of Milan](/source/Ambrose_of_Milan), bishop and [Doctor of the Church](/source/Doctor_of_the_Church); [Jerome](/source/Jerome), theologian and Doctor of the Church; [Benedict of Nursia](/source/Benedict_of_Nursia), founder of the [Benedictine order](/source/Benedictine_order) and of Western [monasticism](/source/Monasticism); [Leo the Great](/source/Pope_Leo_I), bishop of Rome and Doctor of the Church; [Gregory the Great](/source/Gregory_the_Great), bishop of Rome and Doctor of the Church; [Augustine of Canterbury](/source/Augustine_of_Canterbury), Roman monk, Benedictine missionary to England, later English bishop; [Urban II](/source/Urban_II), pope or Bishop of Rome who called for the [First Crusade](/source/First_Crusade); [Anselm of Canterbury](/source/Anselm_of_Canterbury), Italian-born philosopher, Doctor of the Church and later English bishop; [Francis of Assisi](/source/Francis_of_Assisi), mystic and founder of the [Franciscans](/source/Franciscans); [Bonaventure](/source/Bonaventure) of Bagnorea, Franciscan theologian and Doctor of the Church; [Thomas Aquinas](/source/Thomas_Aquinas), [Dominican](/source/Dominican_Order) theologian, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church; Dante, poet; [Catherine of Siena](/source/Catherine_of_Siena), mystic, reformer, and Doctor of the Church; [Monteverdi](/source/Monteverdi), composer; [Robert Bellarmine](/source/Robert_Bellarmine) of [Tuscany](/source/Tuscany), [Jesuit](/source/Jesuit) theologian and Doctor of the Church; [Antonio Vivaldi](/source/Antonio_Vivaldi), priest and composer; [Leo XIII](/source/Leo_XIII), bishop of Rome and social reformer; [Pius XII](/source/Pius_XII), bishop of Rome; [John XXIII](/source/John_XXIII), bishop of Rome and initiator of [Second Vatican Council](/source/Second_Vatican_Council), among many others. One could add to this list the founders of various contemporary lay ecclesial movements, notably [Luigi Giussani](/source/Luigi_Giussani), founder of Communion and Liberation, and [Chiara Lubich](/source/Chiara_Lubich), founder of the [Focolare Movement](/source/Focolare_Movement). Also, [Andrea Riccardi](/source/Andrea_Riccardi), founder of the [Community of Sant'Egidio](/source/Community_of_Sant'Egidio), is now one of the great faith-based organizations in the world.

## Data

In 2021 approximately 79.2% of the Italian population identifies as Catholic.[2] Italy has 225 [dioceses](/source/Dioceses) and [archdioceses](/source/Archdioceses), more than any other country in the world with the exception of [Brazil](/source/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil). It also has the largest number of parishes (25,694), female (102,089) and male (23,719) religious, and priests (31,000, including secular (i.e. [diocesan](/source/Diocesan_priest)) and [religious](/source/Religious_(Catholicism)) (those belonging to a male [religious institute](/source/Religious_institute))).[3]

In 1986, [Pope John Paul II](/source/Pope_John_Paul_II) suppressed 101 Italian dioceses. As of 2024, Italy has a total of 41 dioceses united in persona episcopi, or “in the person of the bishop.” [4]

The bishops in Italy make up the [Conferenza Episcopale Italiana](/source/Conferenza_Episcopale_Italiana) as a collaborative body to perform certain functions specified by Canon Law. Unlike most [episcopal conferences](/source/Episcopal_conference), the president of the Italian conference is appointed by the [pope](/source/Pope), in his capacity as [Primate](/source/Primate_(bishop)) of Italy. Since May 2022, the president of the episcopal conference has been Cardinal [Matteo Maria Zuppi](/source/Matteo_Maria_Zuppi).

### Organization

Map of the 16 Italian ecclesiastical regions

The [Primate](/source/Primate_(bishop)) of Italy is the [Bishop of Rome](/source/Bishop_of_Rome), who is also *[ex officio](/source/Ex_officio)* Pope of the Catholic Church. The [Apostolic Nuncio to Italy](/source/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Italy) is also the nuncio to San Marino; the incumbent is Archbishop [Petar Rajič](/source/Petar_Raji%C4%8D), who has held the office since March 2024.

There are two Catholic [particular churches](/source/Particular_church) in Italy:

- The [Latin Church](/source/Latin_Church) (absolute majority, uses [Roman rite](/source/Roman_rite) except in the [Archdiocese of Milan](/source/Archdiocese_of_Milan) where [Ambrosian rite](/source/Ambrosian_rite) is used).

- The very small [Italo-Albanian Catholic Church](/source/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church) (one of the [Eastern Catholic Churches](/source/Eastern_Catholic_Churches), uses [Byzantine rite](/source/Byzantine_rite)) divided into [Territorial Abbacy of Saint Mary of Grottaferrata](/source/Territorial_Abbacy_of_Saint_Mary_of_Grottaferrata), [Eparchy of Lungro](/source/Eparchy_of_Lungro) and [Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi](/source/Eparchy_of_Piana_degli_Albanesi).

The [Latin Church](/source/Latin_Church) in Italy is organized into:

- 16 [ecclesiastical regions](/source/Ecclesiastical_region) (corresponding to the [regions of Italy](/source/Regions_of_Italy), with some consolidations). - 42 [ecclesiastical provinces](/source/Ecclesiastical_province) divided into: - 1 [apostolic see](/source/Apostolic_see) ([Diocese of Rome](/source/Diocese_of_Rome)). - 1 [patriarchal see](/source/Patriarchal_see) ([Patriarchate of Venice](/source/Patriarchate_of_Venice)). - 40 [metropolitan archdioceses](/source/Metropolitan_archdiocese). - 20 [archdioceses](/source/Archdiocese). - 155 [dioceses](/source/Diocese) (see: [List of Catholic dioceses in Italy](/source/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Italy)). - 2 [territorial prelatures](/source/Territorial_prelature): [Territorial Prelature of Loreto](/source/Territorial_Prelature_of_Loreto) and [Territorial Prelature of Pompei](/source/Territorial_Prelature_of_Pompei). - 6 [territorial abbeys](/source/Territorial_abbey): [Monte Oliveto Maggiore](/source/Territorial_Abbey_of_Monte_Oliveto_Maggiore), [Montecassino](/source/Abbey_of_Montecassino), [Montevergine](/source/Montevergine), [Santa Maria di Grottaferrata](/source/Abbey_of_Santa_Maria_di_Grottaferrata), [La Trinità della Cava](/source/La_Trinit%C3%A0_della_Cava) and [Subiaco](/source/Abbey_of_Saint_Scholastica%2C_Subiaco). - 1 [military ordinariate](/source/Military_ordinariate): [Military Ordinariate in Italy](/source/Military_Ordinariate_in_Italy).

### Catholic lay organizations

- [Azione Cattolica](/source/Azione_Cattolica) (organization of the [Catholic Action](/source/Catholic_Action) in Italy)

- [Forum Oratori Italiani](/source/Forum_Oratori_Italiani) (umbrella of Catholic youth organizations and youth ministry)

## See also

- [Religion in Italy](/source/Religion_in_Italy)

- [Christianity in Italy](/source/Christianity_in_Italy)

- [Protestantism in Italy](/source/Protestantism_in_Italy)

- [Public funding of the Catholic Church in Italy](/source/Public_funding_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Italy)

- [Eastern Orthodox Church in Italy](/source/Eastern_Orthodox_Church_in_Italy)

- [Oriental Orthodox Church in Italy](/source/Oriental_Orthodox_Church_in_Italy)

- [List of Catholic dioceses in Italy](/source/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Italy)

- [Catholic Church in San Marino](/source/Catholic_Church_in_San_Marino)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles"](http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm). *newadvent.org*. Retrieved 27 April 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2021_Eurobarometer_2-0)** ["Special Eurobarometer 516"](https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s2237_95_2_516_eng?locale=en). [European Union](/source/European_Union): [European Commission](/source/European_Commission). September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021 – via [European Data Portal](/source/European_Data_Portal) (see Volume C: Country/socio-demographics: IT: Question D90.2.).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [\[1\]](https://www.fides.org/en/news/77412-EUROPE_ITALY_The_number_of_Italian_Fidei_Donum_priests_who_leave_on_mission_continues_to_decline)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Is Italy’s ‘in persona episcopi’ experiment for diocesan mergers ending?](https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-italys-in-persona-episcopi-experiment)

## Further reading

- Media related to [Roman Catholic Church in Italy](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_Church_in_Italy) at Wikimedia Commons

- Allum, Percy. “Uniformity Undone: Aspects of Catholic Culture in Postwar Italy,” in Zygmunt Guido Baranski, Robert Lumley, eds. *Culture and Conflict in Postwar Italy: Essays on Mass and Popular Culture* (1990) pp. 79–96.

- Allum, Percy. "From Two into One' The Faces of the Italian Christian Democratic Party." *Party Politics* 3.1 (1997): 23–52.

- Binchy, Daniel A. *Church and State in Fascist Italy* (Oxford UP 1941) 774pp

- Ignazi, Piero, and Spencer Wellhofer. "Territory, religion, and vote: nationalization of politics and the Catholic party in Italy." *Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica* 47.1 (2017): 21–43.

- [Latourette, Kenneth Scott](/source/Kenneth_Scott_Latourette). *Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, IV: The Twentieth Century in Europe: The Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Churches.* (1958) pp 153–58.

- Pollard, John. *Catholicism in Modern Italy: Religion, Society and Politics, 1861 to the Present* (Routledge, 2008). a major scholarly history

- Pollard, John. "Pius XI's Promotion of the Italian Model of Catholic Action in the World-Wide Church." *Journal of Ecclesiastical History* 63.4 (2012): 758–784.

- Warner, Carolyn M. "Christian Democracy in Italy: An alternative path to religious party moderation." *Party Politics* 19.2 (2013): 256–276.

v t e Catholic dioceses in Italy Region of Abruzzo-Molise L'Aquila Avezzano Sulmona-Valva Chieti-Vasto Lanciano-Ortona Pescara-Penne Teramo-Atri Campobasso-Boiano Isernia-Venafro Termoli-Larino Trivento Region of Basilicata Potenza-Muro Lucano-Marsico Nuovo Cassano Acerenza Matera-Irsina Melfi-Rampolla-Venosa Tricarico Tursi-Lagonegro Region of Calabria Cosenza-Bisignano Cassano all'Jonio Rossano-Cariati San Marco Argentano-Scalea Reggio Calabria-Bova Locri-Gerace Territorial Abbey and Sanctuary of Santa Maria di Polsi Oppido Mamertina-Palmi Mileto-Nicotera-Tropea Region of Campania Naples Acerra Alife-Caiazzo Aversa Capua Caserta Ischia Nola Territorial Prelature of Pompei Pozzuoli Sessa Aurunca Sorrento-Castellamare di Stabia Teano-Calvi Benevento Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia Avellino Cerreto Sannita-Telese-Sant'Agata de' Goti Territorial Abbey of Montevergine Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia Salerno-Campagna-Acerno Amalfi-Cava De'Tirreni Nocera Inferiore-Sarno Territorial Abbey of La Trinità Cava De'Tirreni Teggiano-Policastro Vallo della Lucania Region of Emilia-Romagna Ravenna-Cervia Cesena-Sarsina Forlì-Bertinoro Rimini San Marino-Montefeltro Modena–Nonantola Carpi Fidenza Parma Piacenza–Bobbio Reggio Emilia–Guastalla Bologna Faenza-Modigliana Ferrara-Comacchio Imola Region of Lazio Rome Ostia Porto–Santa Rufina Albano Frascati Palestrina Sabina–Poggio Mirteto Velletri–Segni Territorial Abbey of Montecassino Territorial Abbey of Subiaco Gaeta Anagni-Alatri Civita Castellana Civitavecchia-Tarquinia Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno Rieti Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo Tivoli Viterbo Region of Liguria Genoa Albenga–Imperia Chiavari La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato Savona-Noli Ventimiglia-Sanremo Region of Lombardy Milan Bergamo Brescia Como Crema Cremona Lodi Mantua Pavia Vigevano Directly under Holy See Lucca Spoleto-Norcia Orvieto-Todi Terni-Narni-Amelia Territorial Abbey of Monte Oliveto Maggiore Military Ordinariate of Italy Personal Prelature of Opus Dei Italo-Albanian Catholic Church Italo-Albanese Eparchy of Lungro Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Italy Apostolic Nuncio Emil Paul Tscherrig Catholic Church portal

v t e Catholic Church in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales States with limited recognition Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard Catholicism portal Europe portal

v t e Religion in Italy Christianity Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Protestantism Other religions Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Hinduism Islam Judaism Neopaganism Sikhism Related Eight per thousand Freedom of religion Irreligion

v t e Christianity in Italy Main article Eastern Christianity Eastern Orthodox (Main article) Eastern Orthodox Church Bulgarian Orthodox Eparchy of Central and Western Europe Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy (Constantinople) Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of Europe Russian Patriarchal parishes in Italy (Moscow) Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Italy Serbian Orthodox Vicariate of Italy True Orthodox Holy Synod of Milan Oriental Orthodox (Main article) Armenian Apostolic Church Coptic Orthodox Church Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Catholic Italo-Albanian Catholic Church Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Western Christianity Catholic Latin Church Roman Catholic Church Old Catholic[a] Old Catholic Church[b] Protestant (Main article) United Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches[c][d][e] Lutheran Evangelical Lutheran Church[d][e] Calvinist Presbyterian Church in Italy Presbyterian and Reformed Church in Italy Anglican Anglican Diocese in Europe Episcopal Convocation of Europe Baptist Baptist Evangelical Christian Union[e] Evangelical Reformed Baptist Churches Methodist Church of the Nazarene in Italy Evangelical Methodist Church in Italy Wesleyan Methodist Church in Italy Plymouth Brethren Evangelical Christian Church of the Brethren Adventist Seventh-day Adventist Church Pentecostal Apostolic Church[e] Assemblies of God Federation of Pentecostal Churches Chiese ELIM in Italia The Church of Pentecost (Ghana) Restorationist Jehovah's Witnesses The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Italy Interdenominational organisations Federation of Protestant Churches in Italy Italian Evangelical Alliance ^ Not in communion with the rest of the Catholic Church ^ Part of the Union of Scranton ^ Formed from the union of the Methodist Evangelical Church and the Waldensian Evangelical Church ^ a b Part of the Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe ^ a b c d Part of the Federation of Evangelical Churches in Italy

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