# Casuarina Islets

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Islands in South Australia

This article is about the pair of islets in South Australia. For other uses, see [Casuarina (disambiguation)](/source/Casuarina_(disambiguation)).

Casuarina Islets Cape Du Couedic and the two Casuarina Islands, circa 1912 (State Library of South Australia,SRG-67-20-21) Casuarina Islets Geography Location Great Australian Bight Coordinates 36°04′01″S 136°42′08″E / 36.06694°S 136.70222°E / -36.06694; 136.70222 Area 4 ha (9.9 acres)[1] Administration Australia

The **Casuarina Islets** ([French](/source/French_language): Ilots du Cassuarina), also known as The Brothers, is a pair of islands located in the [Great Australian Bight](/source/Great_Australian_Bight) immediately off the south-west coast of [Kangaroo Island](/source/Kangaroo_Island) in [South Australia](/source/South_Australia) approximately 96 kilometres (60 miles) south-west of [Kingscote](/source/Kingscote%2C_South_Australia). The pair is currently part of the [Flinders Chase National Park](/source/Flinders_Chase_National_Park).

## Location and features

Casuarina Islets are located approximately 96 kilometres (60 miles) south-west of Kingscote. The North Islet and the South Islet lay respectively 370 metres (1,210 feet) and 2.3 kilometres (1.4 miles) south of [Cape du Couedic](/source/Cape_du_Couedic). The North Islet covers an area of about 2 hectares (4.9 acres) and reaches an elevation of 29 metres (95 feet). The South Islet covers an area of about 2 hectares (4.9 acres) and reaches an elevation of 35 metres (115 feet).[1]

The Casuarina Islets were formed between 7500 and 8900 years ago after sea levels rose at the start of the [Holocene](/source/Holocene).[2] Both islets are humps of [Kanmantoo group](/source/Kanmantoo_group) metasandstone that have been rounded by wave action. A remnant cap of [calcarenite](/source/Calcarenite) still exists over the eastern half of the North Islet while the South Islet has lost its calcarenite cap due to wave action.[1] The North Islet is located in waters of 30 metres (98 feet) depth while the South Islet located in waters of 40 metres (130 feet) depth.[3]

### Economic activity

The Casuarina Islets is one of the island sites from which [guano](/source/Guano) was mined under licence from the [South Australian Government](/source/Government_of_South_Australia) prior to 1919.[4]

## Flora and fauna

The islets in 2009

### North Islet

A survey in 1996 found nine species of plant to be present with [roundleaved pigface](/source/Disphyma), [sea celery](/source/Apium_prostratum), [beaded samphire](/source/Sarcocornia_quinqueflora) and [bower spinach](/source/Tetragonia_implexicoma) occupying the exposed areas of the islet while the more sheltered areas were occupied by [nitre-bush](/source/Nitraria_billardierei), [ruby saltbush](/source/Enchylaena_tomentosa), [variable groundsel](/source/Senecio_pinnatifolius) and [feather spear-grass](/source/Austrostipa). [Vertebrate](/source/Vertebrate) animals were represented by mammals, birds and reptiles. The islet supports a [breeding colony](/source/Rookery) of [New Zealand fur seals](/source/New_Zealand_fur_seal) while serving as a [haul out](/source/Haul_out) for [Australian sea lions](/source/Australian_sea_lion). Breeding colonies of [silver gulls](/source/Silver_gull), [Pacific gulls](/source/Pacific_gull) and [crested terns](/source/Greater_crested_tern) are observed along with specimens of [rock parrots](/source/Rock_parrot), [welcome swallows](/source/Welcome_swallow) and [Australian pipit](/source/Australian_pipit). The only reptile found was a single specimen of the [marbled gecko](/source/Christinus_marmoratus).[1]

### South Islet

As of 1996, four species of plant were found to be present – round-leaved pigface which was the dominant species, sea celery, ruby saltbush and [Austral seablite](/source/Suaeda_australis). Vertebrate animals were represented by mammals, birds and reptiles. A non-breeding colony of New Zealand fur seals are the main occupants of the islet while birds were represented by [turnstones](/source/Turnstone), [sooty oystercatchers](/source/Sooty_oystercatcher) and welcome swallows. The only reptile found was a single specimen of the [four-toed earless skink](/source/Four-toed_earless_skink).[1]

## History

The Casuarina Islets (Ilots du Cassuarina) were named by [Nicolas Baudin](/source/Nicolas_Baudin) on 3 January 1803 after one of the ships in his expedition, [*Casuarina*](/source/Casuarina_(schooner)) which was under the command of [Louis de Freycinet](/source/Louis_de_Freycinet) at the time.[1][5] The islets are also known as The Brothers.[6]

## Protected area status

The South Islet was declared a closed area in 1909 in respect to birds and animals under the *Birds Protection Act 1900* following lobbying by the [South Australian Ornithological Association](/source/South_Australian_Ornithological_Association) which was concerned about the ongoing survival of one of the few remaining colonies of New Zealand fur seals on Kangaroo Island.[7] North Islet was declared a sanctuary in September 1955 to protect the fur seal population ‘from shooting parties from the mainland’.[8] Both islets were declared as fauna reserves under the *Fauna Conservation Act 1964* and as a fauna conservation reserve under the *Crown Lands Act 1929-1966* on 16 March 1967.[9][10] Both Islets were proclaimed as part of the Flinders Chase National Park in 1972 and have since been specifically proclaimed as prohibited areas in order to protect breeding fur seals and seabirds.[1][11][12] As of December 2012, the waters around both islets are part of a restricted access zone located within the boundaries of the [Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park](/source/Western_Kangaroo_Island_Marine_Park).[13]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-page297-298_1-6) Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). ["South Australia's offshore islands"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf) (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. pp. 297–298. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Robinson, A. C.; Armstrong, D. M., eds. (1999). [*A Biological Survey of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 1989 & 1990*](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/fb13b9bf-5c8e-445c-9c3c-a1c600c14815/ki-biological-survey-climate-geology-landuse-gen.pdf) (PDF). Adelaide, SA: Heritage and Biodiversity Section, Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, South Australia. p. 26. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7308-5862-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7308-5862-6). Retrieved 1 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Fairclough, Martin C (December 2007). ["KINGSCOTE Special 1:250 000 geological map"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080802124157/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/71034/MJ47_kingscote_map.pdf) (PDF). *MESA Journal*. **47**. Government of South Australia, DMITRE: 28–31. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1326-3544](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1326-3544). Archived from [the original](http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/71034/MJ47_kingscote_map.pdf) (PDF) on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-page134_4-0)** Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). ["South Australia's offshore islands"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf) (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 134. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-page118_5-0)** Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). ["South Australia's offshore islands"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf) (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 118. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Ornithological Association"](http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5725106), *The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA)*, p. 8, 10 May 1909, retrieved 18 May 2014

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Bird Protection District"](http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1909/23.pdf) (PDF). *South Australian Government Gazette*. year 1909 (23). Adelaide: Government of South Australia: 847. 6 May 1909. Retrieved 22 January 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-page138_8-0)** Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). ["South Australia's offshore islands"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf) (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 138. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-page140_9-0)** Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). ["South Australia's offshore islands"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf) (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 140. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FCR-1967_10-0)** ["CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED"](http://www8.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1967/11.pdf) (PDF). *THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE*. Government of South Australia. 16 March 1967. pp. 961–962. Retrieved 5 February 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-page147_11-0)** Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). ["South Australia's offshore islands"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf) (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 147. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NPWact_12-0)** ["No. 56 of 1972 (National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1972)"](http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/npawa56o1972293/). Government of South Australia. 27 April 1972: 660 & 699. Retrieved 20 January 2017. {{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park Management Plan 2012"](http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5531fc53-c6cf-4f8c-b518-a11700a1d969/mp-gen-16westernkangarooisland-managementplan.pdf) (PDF). Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources. 2012. pp. 27–28. Retrieved 15 May 2014.

v t e Kangaroo Island Major townships American River Kingscote Parndana Penneshaw Beaches American Beach Baudin Beach Brown Beach D'Estrees Bay Emu Bay Island Beach Nepean Bay Vivonne Bay Coastal features Western end of island Cape Borda Cape du Couedic Cape Gantheaume D'Estrees Bay Fides Bluff Maupertuis Bay Nepean Bay Pelican Lagoon Point Marsden Ravine des Casoars Stokes Bay Vivonne Bay Dudley Peninsula Cape St Albans Cape Willoughby Kangaroo Head Moncrieff Bay Pink Bay Protected areas National parks Flinders Chase Conservation parks Baudin Beatrice Islet Beyeria Busby Islet Cape Gantheaume Cape Willoughby Cygnet Estuary Dudley Kelly Hill Lashmar Lathami Lesueur Mount Taylor Nepean Bay Parndana Pelican Lagoon Seal Bay Seddon Simpson Vivonne Bay Marine parks Encounter Western Kangaroo Island Southern Kangaroo Island Wilderness Protection Areas Cape Bouguer Cape Gantheaume Cape Torrens Ravine des Casoars Western River Islands adjacent to Kangaroo Island coast Beatrice Islets Busby Islet Casuarina Islets Douglas Rock Nobby Islet Paisley Islet Pelican Lagoon Islets Pelorus Islet Related and uncategorised 2007 Kangaroo Island bushfires County of Carnarvon Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island Hundred of Dudley Kangaroo Island Council Kangaroo Island wine region Kingscote Airport Middle River Reservoir Category Commons

v t e Australian places named by French explorers in the 18th and 19th centuries South Australia Cape Bedout Cape Borda Cape Bouguer Cape Carnot Casuarina Islets (Îlots du Cassuarina) Cape du Couedic D'Estrees Bay (Baie d'Estrées) Dorothee Island (Île Dorothée) Fenelon Island Fleurieu Peninsula Cape Forbin Cape Gantheaume Guichen Bay (Baie de Guichen) Jussieu Peninsula Lacepede Bay Masillon Island Maupertuis Bay (Baie Maupertuis) Ravine des Casoars Rivoli Bay (Baie de Rivoli) Cape Thevenard Veteran Isles (Île du Vétéran) Vivonne Bay (Baie Vivonne) Western Australia Adele Island Bernier Island Bonaparte Archipelago Bonaparte Gulf Cape Bossut Cape Bouvard Cape Clairault Faure Island Cape Freycinet Freycinet Harbour Gantheaume Point Geographe Bay Hamelin Pool Institut Islands Cape Keraudren Lagrange Bay Lancelin Island Cape Latouche Treville Legendre Island Cape Leveque L'Haridon Bight Cape Mentelle Middle Island (Îles du Milieu) Montalivet Islands Montebello Islands Cape Naturaliste Peron Peninsula Recherche Archipelago (Archipel de la Recherche) Taillefer Isthmus Thevenard Island Only places with the name still in use in either the original or anglicised version are listed above. Many names have been anglicised; for these the original French name appears in brackets.

v t e Islands of South Australia West coast of Eyre Peninsula Generally Avoid Bay Islands Black Rocks Sudden Jerk Baird Bay Jones Unnamed Cap Eba Germein Greenly Liguanea Neptune Islands Nicolas Baudin Nuyts Reef Olive Pigface Price Purdie Rocky Island (north) Rocky Island (south) Sinclair Curta Rocks Whidbey Isles Four Hummocks Perforated Price Island Golden Williams Investigator Group Flinders Pearson Isles Pearson Dorothee Veteran Isles Topgallant Waldegrave Islands Ward Islands Nuyts Archipelago Blefescu Breakwater Evans Eyre Franklin Gliddon Reef Goat Isles of St Francis Dog Egg Fenelon Freeling Hart Masillon Smooth St Francis West Lacy Lounds Lilliput Purdie Islands St Peter Spencer Gulf Generally Bicker Isles Bird Boston Curlew Entrance Gambier Islands Wedge Grantham Goose Green Lipson Louth Rabbit Shag Tumby Wardang Weeroona Jussieu Peninsula coastline Carcase Rock Donington Grindall Hopkins Lewis Little Owen Smith Taylor Thistle Sir Joseph Banks Group Blyth Boucaut Dalby Dangerous Reef Duffield English Hareby Kirkby Langton Lusby Marum Partney Reevesby Roxby Seal Rock Sibsey Spilsby Stickney Winceby Pondalowie Bay Royston Middle South Investigator Strait Althorpe Islands Althorpe Haystack Seal Chinamans Hat Kangaroo Island Main article Kangaroo Island Nepean Bay Beatrice Islets Busby Islet Pelican Lagoon Islets West and south coasts Casuarina Islets Douglas Rock Lipson Reef Nobby Islet North Rock Paisley Islet Pelorus Islet South West Rock Unnamed island (Hanson Bay) Young Rock Gulf St Vincent Garden Torrens Troubridge Backstairs Passage The Pages Encounter Bay and adjoining waters Granite Pullen Seal West Wright South east coast Baudin Rocks Penguin Mainland Artificial islands Delfin Murray River List of Murray River islands Hindmarsh Pomanda Category Commons

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Casuarina Islets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarina_Islets) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarina_Islets?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.