# Castleton, Vermont

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**Castleton** is a [town](/source/New_England_town) in [Rutland County](/source/Rutland_County,_Vermont), [Vermont](/source/Vermont), United States. Castleton is about 15 miles (24 km) to the west of [Rutland](/source/Rutland_(city),_Vermont), the county's seat and most populous city, and about 7 miles (11 km) east of the New York/Vermont state border. The town had a population of 4,458 at the [2020 census](/source/2020_United_States_Census).[4] A campus of [Vermont State University](/source/Vermont_State_University) is located there, with roots dating to 1787.[5]

## History

Castleton was settled in 1770 and chartered in 1761.[1] The charter for 36 square miles (93 km2) of land was granted by Governor [Benning Wentworth](/source/Benning_Wentworth) of [New Hampshire](/source/New_Hampshire) and divided the land into 70 "rights" or "shares". Governor Wentworth retained ownership of two shares, and several others were given for churches and a school.[6]

Three families had settled in Castleton by 1770. In the spring of 1767, some of the town's first settlers, Amos Bird and Noah Lee, arrived in Castleton from [Salisbury, Connecticut](/source/Salisbury,_Connecticut). Castleton's favorite landmark, Birdseye Mountain, is named for Colonel Amos Bird. He had acquired 40 shares of land when the town was chartered and built a permanent residence there in the summer of 1769. More settlers followed, and by 1777, the town consisted of 17 families.[citation needed]

In May 1775, [Ethan Allen](/source/Ethan_Allen) and his [Green Mountain Boys](/source/Green_Mountain_Boys) met in Castleton with [Benedict Arnold](/source/Benedict_Arnold) to plan their next day's attack on [Fort Ticonderoga](/source/Fort_Ticonderoga), 30 miles (48 km) west, on the New York side of [Lake Champlain](/source/Lake_Champlain). Their successful capture of the fort was a holding action that lasted two years until the British launched a powerful sweep southward on Lake Champlain. The battle at nearby [Hubbardton](/source/Hubbardton,_Vermont), followed by battles at [Bennington](/source/Battle_of_Bennington) and [Saratoga](/source/Battles_of_Saratoga), marked the turning point of the [Revolutionary War](/source/American_Revolutionary_War) in the north. Although [German soldiers](/source/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution) were stationed in Castleton for a time in 1777, they left as the fortunes of the war changed, and [Tory](/source/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)) sympathizers were treated with scorn by Castleton settlers. [Fort Warren](/source/Fort_Warren_(Vermont)), built in 1777, was also located in Castleton.[7]

The [first medical school in Vermont](/source/Castleton_Medical_College_Building) was chartered here in 1818.[8]

Following the war, Castleton continued to grow as an agricultural community. Farmers raised cattle, and then turned for a while to sheep. Sawmills and gristmills were the first industries established in town. During the 19th century, the [slate](/source/Slate) and [marble](/source/Marble) industries thrived in and around Castleton. The railroad came in 1854, and the last half of the century had the development of tourism around Lake Bomoseen. In the 19th century, Castleton flourished, and many residents built elaborate houses to replace their log cabins and primitive frame houses. Several luxury hotels were built around the west end of the lake. A [trolley](/source/Tram) system ran from the center of town to Lake Bomoseen, a destination for tourists vacationing during the summer. The Hydeville area flourished in the mid-19th century as a slate-quarrying and milling center.

Between 1900 and 1940, several fires occurred in [Castleton Village](/source/Castleton_(village),_Vermont), Castleton Corners, and Hydeville, as well as at the lakeside resorts. Despite this destruction of hotels and the original commercial and industrial areas of its villages, the town of Castleton retains an architectural heritage spanning 200 years of Vermont history. Castleton's mile-long, tree-shaded Main Street, with its array of [Federal](/source/Federal_style_architecture)- and [Greek Revival](/source/Greek_Revival)-style houses and public buildings, many by builder Thomas Royal Dake, has been listed almost in its entirety on the [National Register of Historic Places](/source/National_Register_of_Historic_Places).

## Arts and culture

### Museums and other points of interest

The Higley House, built in 1810 by Erastus Higley, houses antiques and furnishings. Antique carriages are located on the grounds. The house is now maintained by the Castleton Historical Society and was built and lived in by the Higley family until 1973.[9]

The Castleton Federated Church was built in 1833 by master builder Thomas Dake. The church is listed in the [Historic American Buildings Survey](/source/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey).[9]

The Cobbler's Shop is an old brick building on the corner of Main Street and Cemetery Road. It was built between 1774 and 1794 by Nehemiah Hoyt; some people believe it to be the oldest brick building in Vermont.[10]

The Castleton Medical Chapel was built in 1821 as part of [Castleton University](/source/Castleton_University) (Castleton State College at the time). It is located on Seminary Street close to the Fine Arts Center.[10]

## Education

Castleton is part of the Slate Valley Modified Unified School District. The town has one school: Castleton Elementary School, which serves grades K–6.[11][12][13] Students from Castleton families attend high school at [Fair Haven Union High School](/source/Fair_Haven_Union_High_School) and attend junior high at Fair Haven Union Middle School.[14]

[Castleton University](/source/Castleton_University) is located in Castleton and dates back to 1787. It is a public liberal arts college.[15]

## Infrastructure

### Transportation

In 2009, Castleton began running [a depot station](/source/Castleton_station_(Vermont)) through [Amtrak](/source/Amtrak). The station is located behind Main Street near the post office. The old train stop was renovated early that year, giving the Castleton stop an enclosed building. The train stop runs exclusively on the *[Ethan Allen Express](/source/Ethan_Allen_Express)* line.[16]

## Geography

According to the 2010 United States Census, Castleton has a total area of 42.35 square miles (109.7 km2), of which 38.9 square miles (101 km2) is land and 3.45 square miles (8.9 km2), or 8.1%, is water.[17]

Within the bounds of the incorporated town, there are three distinct areas. One is [Castleton village](/source/Castleton_(CDP),_Vermont), where the post office, town offices, bank, general store, a 1940s style diner and a few other commercial enterprises are located. The university is located on a side street nearby. [Lake Bomoseen](/source/Lake_Bomoseen) is the second area, a 5-mile (8.0-kilometre) resort and fishing spot in the northwest part of the town. The [Bomoseen](/source/Bomoseen,_Vermont) post office is in [Castleton Corners](/source/Castleton_Four_Corners,_Vermont), west of Castleton village and southeast of the south end of the lake. The third post office is in [Hydeville](/source/Hydeville,_Vermont), an extension of Main Street at the south end of Lake Bomoseen.

## Demographics

As of the [census](/source/Census)[2] of 2000, there were 4,367 people, 1,550 households, and 1,007 families residing in the town. The [population density](/source/Population_density) was 111.9 people per square mile (43.2/km2). There were 2,107 housing units at an average density of 54.0 per square mile (20.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.98% [White](/source/White_(U.S._Census)), 0.09% [African American](/source/African_American_(U.S._Census)), 0.32% [Native American](/source/Native_American_(U.S._Census)), 0.57% [Asian](/source/Asian_(U.S._Census)), 0.02% [Pacific Islander](/source/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)), 0.48% from [other races](/source/Race_(United_States_Census)), and 0.53% from two or more races. [Hispanic](/source/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)) or [Latino](/source/Latino_(U.S._Census)) of any race were 1.08% of the population.

There were 1,550 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were couples living together and joined in either [marriage](/source/Marriage) or [civil union](/source/Civil_Union), 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was distributed by age with 19.9% under the age of 18, 22.5% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,615, and the median income for a family was $49,091. Males had a median income of $30,958 versus $25,139 for females. The [per capita income](/source/Per_capita_income) for the town was $17,630. About 3.9% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the [poverty line](/source/Poverty_line), including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

- [J. M. Adams](/source/J._M._Adams), [Wisconsin State Assemblyman](/source/Wisconsin_State_Assembly)[18]
- [Alexander W. Buel](/source/Alexander_W._Buel), [United States Representative](/source/United_States_Representative) from [Michigan](/source/Michigan)[19]
- [Jeanne C. Smith Carr](/source/Jeanne_C._Smith_Carr) (1825–1903), educator, author[20]
- [Charles W. Davis](/source/Charles_W._Davis_(Wisconsin)), [Wisconsin State Senator](/source/Wisconsin_State_Senator)[21]
- [Edwin Drake](/source/Edwin_Drake), oil driller; credited with starting the US oil industry[22]
- [Patrick Villiers Farrow](/source/Patrick_Villiers_Farrow) artist, brother of [Mia Farrow](/source/Mia_Farrow). lived in a historic church [23]
- [Chauncey Langdon](/source/Chauncey_Langdon), [United States Representative](/source/United_States_Representative) from [Vermont](/source/Vermont)[24]
- [Doc Maynard](/source/David_Swinson_Maynard), founder of [Seattle](/source/Seattle)[25]
- [Amos Pollard](/source/Amos_Pollard), surgeon, defender of the [Alamo](/source/Alamo)[26]
- [Ron Powers](/source/Ron_Powers), Pulitzer Prize-winning writer[27]
- [Jarrod Sammis](/source/Jarrod_Sammis), Vermont state representative[28]
- [Samuel Shaw](/source/Samuel_Shaw_(politician)), [United States Representative](/source/United_States_Representative) from Vermont[29]
- [Robert E. Temple](/source/Robert_E._Temple), [Adjutant General of New York](/source/Adjutant_General_of_New_York)[30]

## Media references

- *[The Blue Cat of Castle Town](/source/The_Blue_Cat_of_Castle_Town)* (1949), a children's fantasy novel by [Catherine Cate Coblentz](/source/Catherine_Cate_Coblentz), is placed in 1830s Castleton.[31]

## See also

- [Smith–Putnam wind turbine](/source/Smith%E2%80%93Putnam_wind_turbine)

## References

1. [*Provincial and State Papers, Volume 26*](http://sos.nh.gov/Papers.aspx). New Hampshire Records and Archives, Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire. 1895. pp. 79–82. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180212162437/http://sos.nh.gov/Papers.aspx) February 12, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved February 2, 2018.

1. ["U.S. Census website"](https://www.census.gov). [United States Census Bureau](/source/United_States_Census_Bureau). Retrieved January 31, 2008.

1. ["Census - Geography Profile: Castleton town, Rutland County, Vermont"](https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US5002111950). [United States Census Bureau](/source/United_States_Census_Bureau). Retrieved December 29, 2021.

1. ["About Castleton"](http://www.castletonvermont.org/about-castleton). Town of Castleton, Vermont. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161219061533/http://www.castletonvermont.org/about-castleton) December 19, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 29, 2017.

1. [*Provincial and State Papers, Volume 26*](http://sos.nh.gov/Papers.aspx). New Hampshire Records and Archives, Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire. 1895. p. 82. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180212162437/http://sos.nh.gov/Papers.aspx) February 12, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved February 2, 2018.

1. ["Castleton, Vermont – A Site on a Revolutionary War Road Trip"](http://www.revolutionaryday.com/usroute4/castleton/default.htm). *www.revolutionaryday.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180617104752/http://www.revolutionaryday.com/usroute4/castleton/default.htm) June 17, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

1. Dittrick, Howard (1950). "The History of the First Medical College in Vermont—Castleton 1818–1862". *Bulletin of the Medical Library Association*. **38** (1): 68–69. [PMC 195016](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC195016)

1. ["Higley House"](http://www.bsi-vt.com/castleton/chs/). The Casteton Historical Society. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130118223152/http://www.bsi-vt.com/castleton/chs/) January 18, 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

1. ["Other Historical Buildings | Town of Castleton VT"](https://www.castletonvermont.org/home/pages/other-historical-buildings). *www.castletonvermont.org*. Retrieved February 24, 2023.

1. ["Castleton-Hubbardton Union School District"](http://www.edline.net/pages/Castleton_Schools). Castleton-Hubbardton Union School District. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120404212130/http://www.edline.net/pages/Castleton_Schools) April 4, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

1. ["Castleton-Hubbardton USD#42"](http://www.greatschools.org/vermont/castleton/1-Castleton-Hubbardton-USD42/). Great Schools, Inc. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

1. Lyons, Olivia (May 25, 2021). ["Slate Valley school board votes to build middle school on Fair Haven campus"](https://www.wcax.com/2021/05/25/slate-valley-school-board-votes-to-build-middle-school-on-fair-haven-campus/). *www.wcax.com*. Retrieved February 24, 2023.

1. ["Castleton Town Plan"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160112133220/http://www.bsi-vt.com/castleton/pdfdownloads/PlanEducation.PDF). Town of Castleton, Vermont. 2002. Archived from [the original](http://www.bsi-vt.com/castleton/pdfdownloads/PlanEducation.PDF) on January 12, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2012.

1. ["Quick Facts"](http://www.castleton.edu/about-castleton/quick-facts). [Castleton University](/source/Castleton_University). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150724212920/http://www.castleton.edu/about-castleton/quick-facts) July 24, 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 24, 2015.

1. "[Castleton station to be Amtrak stop](http://www.timesargus.com/article/20090510/NEWS02/905100376/1003/NEWS02)[dead link]", *Times Argus*, May 10, 2009.

1. ["Vermont: 2010; Population and Housing Unit Counts; 2010 Census of Population and Housing"](https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-47.pdf). *United States Census Bureau*. United States Department of Commerce. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160617213505/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-47.pdf) June 17, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 23, 2016.

1. [*THE LEGISLATIVE MANUAL OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxCAQAAMAAJ&q=J.+M.+Adams%2BWisconsin%2BAssembly+biography&pg=PA368). 9th ed. Madison, Wis. 1870. p. 368. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113024857/https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA368&dq=J.+M.+Adams%2BWisconsin%2BAssembly+biography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAWoVChMI3_64n7mayAIVE3-SCh3KYwGH#v=onepage&q=J.%20M.%20Adams%2BWisconsin%2BAssembly%20biography&f=false) January 13, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

1. ["BUEL, Alexander Woodruff, (1813–1868)"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001037). *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121018200404/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001037) October 18, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

1. [*Proceedings \[of The\] Annual Business Meeting*](https://books.google.com/books?id=T98-0B8sW2gC&pg=PA111). State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 1905. p. 111. Retrieved 25 May 2024.

1. ["Biographical Sketches"](https://books.google.com/books?id=zEsNAAAAIAAJ&q=Henry+Putnam%2BWisconsin%2BSenate%2Bbiography&pg=PA668). Wisconsin Blue Book. 1895. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113020240/https://books.google.com/books?id=zEsNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA668&lpg=PA668&dq=Henry+Putnam%2BWisconsin%2BSenate%2Bbiography&source=bl&ots=qvlkukdsZb&sig=9C9F5R87WxzU1qVnvj01W5gMf5U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vdFBVezOIsKggwTeiIDwBw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Henry%20Putnam%2BWisconsin%2BSenate%2Bbiography&f=false) January 13, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 10, 2015.

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1. ["LANGDON, Chauncey, (1763–1830)"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000066). *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140629052420/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000066) June 29, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

1. Bagley, Clarence (1916). [*History of Seattle From the Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 2*](https://books.google.com/books?id=K4EUAAAAYAAJ&q=david+maynard+castleton+vt&pg=PA828). Chicago: S.J. Clark Publishing Company. p. 828. ISBN 1178054314. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141126063832/http://books.google.com/books?id=K4EUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA828&lpg=PA828&dq=david+maynard+castleton+vt&source=bl&ots=6nnAZLpzpG&sig=gFfWTe-JoNkuR37cSBoonN-mwSQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DF-oUPWpDYuG0QHTloDIDQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=david%20maynard%20castleton%20vt&f=false) November 26, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 21, 2016.

1. Bill Groneman, "[POLLARD, AMOS](http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpo08) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121020093130/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpo08) 2012-10-20 at the Wayback Machine," Handbook of Texas Online, accessed May 28, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

1. *Vermont Public Radio*, October 17, 2006 ["Interview: Ron Powers, 'Flags of our Fathers'"](http://www.vpr.net/news_detail/75678/interview-ron-powers-flags-our-fathers/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716235845/http://www.vpr.net/news_detail/75678/interview-ron-powers-flags-our-fathers/) July 16, 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Mitch Wertlieb.

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1. ["Answers to Children's Author Trivia Volume 45: Books about Cats"](http://blog.wrappedinfoil.com/tag/books-about-cats-for-kids/). Wrapped in Foil. August 2, 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140404164159/http://blog.wrappedinfoil.com/tag/books-about-cats-for-kids/) April 4, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

## External links

- [Official Website of Castleton Vermont](http://castletonvermont.org/)
- [Castleton State College](http://www.castleton.edu/)
- [ePodunk: Profile for Castleton, Vermont](http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=25101) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130125064642/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=25101) January 25, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- [Castleton-Hubbardton Union School District](http://www.edline.net/pages/Castleton_Schools)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Castleton, Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castleton%2C_Vermont) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castleton%2C_Vermont?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.