# Carson Pass

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Mountain pass in California, United States

Carson Pass The Carson Pass (foreground) overlooks Red Lake to the east. Elevation 8,574 ft (2,613 m) Traversed by SR 88 Location Sierra Crest, Eldorado National Forest, Alpine County, California, United States Range Sierra Nevada Coordinates 38°41′38″N 119°59′15″W / 38.69389°N 119.98750°W / 38.69389; -119.98750 Location in California California Historical Landmark Official name Kit Carson Marker Reference no. 315

**Carson Pass** is a [mountain pass](/source/Mountain_pass) on the crest of the central [Sierra Nevada](/source/Sierra_Nevada), in the [Eldorado National Forest](/source/Eldorado_National_Forest) and [Alpine County](/source/Alpine_County%2C_California), eastern [California](/source/California).

The pass is traversed by [California State Route 88](/source/California_State_Route_88). It lies on the [Great Basin Divide](/source/Great_Basin_Divide), with the [West Fork Carson River](/source/West_Fork_Carson_River) on the east and the [South Fork American River](/source/South_Fork_American_River) on the west.

The historic pass was a point on the [Carson Trail](/source/California_Trail#Carson_Trail) during the [California Gold Rush](/source/California_Gold_Rush) and was used for [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War) shipping to California until the completion of the [First transcontinental railroad](/source/First_transcontinental_railroad). The [Pacific Crest Trail](/source/Pacific_Crest_Trail) traverses the Carson Pass summit, which has [California Historical Landmark](/source/California_Historical_Landmark) #315 at CA 88 postmile 6.09 where [Kit Carson](/source/Kit_Carson) carved his name into a tree.[1]

## History

The [1844 Frémont Expedition](/source/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont#Second_expedition) turned south from northern [Nevada](/source/Nevada). When encamped at Nevada's Carson Valley on January 31, 1844, Frémont decided to detour west during the winter conditions to [Sutter's Fort](/source/Sutter's_Fort) in California for supplies. Local [Washoe](/source/Washoe_people) Indians told them of a route through the mountains, but warned them not to proceed through the snow. Frémont ignored the advice and directed the group westward. The Washoe were right in that they were not able to find food or game, and they ended up resorting to eating dogs, horses, and mules just to survive. On February 14, Frémont and his [cartographer](/source/Cartographer) [Charles Preuss](/source/Charles_Preuss) made it up [Red Lake Peak](/source/Red_Lake_Peak) and became the first recorded white men to see [Lake Tahoe](/source/Lake_Tahoe) in the distance. On February 21, the expedition made it through the now-named Carson pass west of Red Lake and arrived at Sutter's Fort on March 6 with no fatalities.[2]

In the summer of 1848, [Mormons](/source/Mormons) leaving California for Utah built what would become known as the [Carson Trail](/source/Carson_Trail) across the Sierra from [Sly Park, California](/source/Sly_Park%2C_California), to the Carson Valley via Carson Pass. The Carson Trail became one of the primary routes across the Sierra used by overland immigrants to California in the Gold Rush era. Brigham Young evacuated Mormon settlers around Carson Pass in July 1857, shortly after the breakout of the [Utah War](/source/Utah_War).

## Maiden's Grave

Historic site in Kirkwood, California

Maiden's Grave Interactive map of Maiden's Grave 38°37′54″N 120°10′16″W / 38.6318°N 120.171233°W / 38.6318; -120.171233 Location State Highway 88, Kirkwood, California California Historical Landmark Reference no. 28

In 1850, the young Rachel Melton was buried west of Carson's Pass. Her family was traveling from [Iowa](/source/Iowa) when she became ill. The family camped out with a goal to improve Rachel's health, but she died. The site is a [California Historical Landmark](/source/California_Historical_Landmark).[3]

## Climate

According to the [Köppen Climate Classification](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification) system, Carson Pass has a [dry-summer subarctic climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dry-summer_subarctic_climate&action=edit&redlink=1), abbreviated "Dsc" on climate maps.

Climate data for Carson Pass, California, 2006–2020 normals, extremes 2004–present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 61 (16) 60 (16) 64 (18) 68 (20) 71 (22) 79 (26) 81 (27) 82 (28) 82 (28) 72 (22) 65 (18) 60 (16) 82 (28) Mean maximum °F (°C) 52.1 (11.2) 52.9 (11.6) 56.0 (13.3) 61.5 (16.4) 66.0 (18.9) 73.4 (23.0) 77.0 (25.0) 76.3 (24.6) 74.0 (23.3) 66.6 (19.2) 59.5 (15.3) 51.4 (10.8) 78.1 (25.6) Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 38.7 (3.7) 39.0 (3.9) 41.8 (5.4) 46.9 (8.3) 52.7 (11.5) 62.1 (16.7) 69.8 (21.0) 69.0 (20.6) 64.7 (18.2) 53.5 (11.9) 44.4 (6.9) 36.9 (2.7) 51.6 (10.9) Daily mean °F (°C) 30.3 (−0.9) 29.8 (−1.2) 32.2 (0.1) 36.7 (2.6) 42.7 (5.9) 51.2 (10.7) 58.6 (14.8) 58.1 (14.5) 53.1 (11.7) 43.8 (6.6) 35.8 (2.1) 28.8 (−1.8) 41.8 (5.4) Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 22.0 (−5.6) 20.6 (−6.3) 22.6 (−5.2) 26.4 (−3.1) 32.8 (0.4) 40.3 (4.6) 47.4 (8.6) 47.0 (8.3) 42.5 (5.8) 34.1 (1.2) 27.2 (−2.7) 20.8 (−6.2) 32.0 (0.0) Mean minimum °F (°C) 5.5 (−14.7) 3.5 (−15.8) 8.2 (−13.2) 12.0 (−11.1) 22.2 (−5.4) 29.1 (−1.6) 40.3 (4.6) 38.3 (3.5) 30.7 (−0.7) 21.3 (−5.9) 11.5 (−11.4) 3.7 (−15.7) −1.4 (−18.6) Record low °F (°C) −5 (−21) −4 (−20) −3 (−19) 2 (−17) 10 (−12) 19 (−7) 34 (1) 30 (−1) 23 (−5) 13 (−11) −2 (−19) −4 (−20) −5 (−21) Average precipitation inches (mm) 6.41 (163) 6.64 (169) 6.91 (176) 3.55 (90) 2.13 (54) 0.59 (15) 0.39 (9.9) 0.47 (12) 0.67 (17) 3.07 (78) 4.13 (105) 5.57 (141) 40.53 (1,029.9) Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 62.1 (158) 81.1 (206) 97.0 (246) 81.8 (208) 53.1 (135) 18.1 (46) 0.9 (2.3) 0.0 (0.0) 0.5 (1.3) 3.1 (7.9) 19.0 (48) 40.2 (102) 102.4 (260) Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.7 8.8 11.2 8.3 6.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.9 5.5 8.1 10.1 76.2 Source: XMACIS2[4]

## See also

- [California Historical Landmarks in Alpine County](/source/California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Alpine_County)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Kit Carson Marker"](https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/315). Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012-03-30. *The original inscription was cut from the tree in 1888 and is now in Sutter's Fort*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-kirkwood_2-0)** Belli, Anthony M (2004). ["Kirkwood History – The Opening of the Kit Carson Pass"](https://web.archive.org/web/20051215030745/http://kirkwood.com/summer/history.html). [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive) (originally Kirkwood Mountain Resort). Archived from [the original](http://kirkwood.com/summer/history.html) on 2005-12-15. Retrieved 2010-08-05. Fremont and Jacob Dodson leave Long Camp on the 16th as an advance scouting party to determine their route over the pass then along the descent of the western slope. On the night of the 17th the two men return to Long Camp and are quite surprised to be greeted by Fitzpatrick and his party from Grover's. Fremont noted… "*Here we had the pleasure to find all the remaining animals, 57 in number, safely arrived at the grassy hill near the camp.*" Two days later the entire second expedition had reached Long Camp. On February 21st the expedition passed over the summit of today's Carson Pass at a location just south of present day Highway 88. They began their descent and two days later Fremont wrote from their camp at present day Strawberry… "*Here among the pines, the hill side produces but little grass---barley sufficient to keep life in the animals. We had the pleasure to be rained upon this afternoon; and grass was now are greatest solicitude. Many of the men looked badly, and some this evening were giving out.*" Although they still had some distance to cover the descent was much easier, the worst was behind them. On March 6, 1844 they reached Sutter's Fort without losing a single man.: 2 (italic text from expedition reports)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-amador_3-0)** ["Maiden's Grave"](https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/28). Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-XMACIS2_4-0)** ["xmACIS2"](https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 7, 2023.

## External links

- Media related to [Carson Pass](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carson_Pass) at Wikimedia Commons

- ["Memorial to Pioneer Odd Fellows"](https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/378). Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012-03-30.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Carson Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_Pass) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_Pass?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.