# Cargo > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cargo > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cargo.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo > Source revision: 1348971900 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Goods or produce transported This article is about transported goods. For other uses, see [Cargo (disambiguation)](/source/Cargo_(disambiguation)). "Freight" redirects here. For the price paid in a [voyage charter](/source/Chartering_(shipping)#Charter_types), see [Freight rate](/source/Freight_rate). This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Cargo" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) An articulated [double-stack](/source/Double-stack_rail_transport) [well car](/source/Well_car) owned by the [TTX Company](/source/TTX_Company). The 53 ft (16.15 m) capacity car is a [Gunderson](/source/The_Greenbrier_Companies#Rail_vehicles) Maxi-IV. Admiralty and maritime law History Code of Hammurabi Corpus Juris Civilis Digesta Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris Amalfian Laws Hanseatic League Features Fishing Illegal Fisheries law Maritime transport Shipping/ferry Cargo Freight Shipbuilding Merchant marine Cargo ship Passenger ship Mortgage Registration Marine insurance Act of God Cargo Collision General average Seaworthiness Total loss Maritime security Letter of marque Drugs Piracy Pollution Smuggling Wartime prizes Contract of carriage / charterparty Affreightment Agency Barratry Bill of lading Brokerage Chartering Consignment Demurrage Force majeure Invoice Commercial Pro forma Laytime Lien Maritime Manifest Packing list Proof of delivery Salvage Law Terms International Waybill Parties Agent Factor Freight forwarder Captain (Master) The captain goes down with the ship Carrier Charterer Freight company Manager Consignee Consignor Principal Owner Seaman Mutiny Stevedore Judiciaries Admiralty court Vice admiralty court International organizations International Maritime Organization Comité Maritime International London Maritime Arbitrators Association International Association of Classification Societies (Lloyd's Register) International conventions Hague–Visby Rules Hamburg Rules Rotterdam Rules Maritime Labour Convention International Convention on Salvage United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) International piracy law SOLAS Convention MARPOL Convention Ballast Water Management Convention Anti-fouling Convention International Convention on Load Lines International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea SAR Convention Athens Convention Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic International Codes IMDG Code ISM Code ISPS Code Polar Code IGC Code IBC Code TDC Code IS Code International Grain Code IMSBC Code INF Code v t e In [transportation](/source/Transportation), **cargo** refers to [goods](/source/Goods) transported by [land](/source/Land_transport), [water](/source/Water_transport), or [air](/source/Air_transport), while **freight** refers to its conveyance. In [economics](/source/Economics), freight refers to goods transported at a [freight rate](/source/Freight_rate) for [commercial](/source/Commerce) gain. The term cargo is also used in the case of goods in the [cold-chain](/source/Cold_chain), because the perishable [inventory](/source/Inventory) is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in [cold storage](/source/Refrigeration) or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses. Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft [ULD](/source/Unit_load_device) boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within. ## Description ### Marine Container ship at the [Port of Helsinki](/source/Port_of_Helsinki) in [Finland](/source/Finland) [Seaport](/source/Port) terminals handle a wide range of [maritime cargoes](/source/List_of_cargo_types). [Break bulk / general cargo](/source/Break_bulk_cargo) are goods that are handled and stowed piecemeal to some degree, as opposed to cargo in bulk or modern [shipping containers](/source/Intermodal_container). They are typically bundled in batches for hoisting, (with [cargo nets](/source/Cargo_net), slings or [crates](/source/Crate)), or stacked on trays, [pallets](/source/Pallet) or skids. They are generally lifted directly into and out of a vessel's holds, by [cranes](/source/Crane_(machine)) or [derricks](/source/Derrick) present on the [dock](/source/Dock_(maritime)) or on the ship itself. If hoisted onto the deck instead of straight into the hold, cargo then is manhandled and stowed by [stevedores](/source/Stevedore). Securing break bulk and general freight inside a vessel includes the use of [dunnage](/source/Dunnage). When no hoisting equipment is available, break bulk would previously be man-carried on and off the ship, over a plank, or by passing via [human chain](/source/Bucket_brigade). Since the 1960s, the volume of break bulk cargo has enormously declined worldwide in favour of [mass adoption](/source/Containerization) of [containers](/source/Intermodal_container). [Bulk cargo](/source/Bulk_cargo), such as [salt](/source/Salt), [oil](/source/Oil), [tallow](/source/Tallow), but also [scrap metal](/source/Scrap), is usually defined as commodities that are neither on pallets nor in containers. Bulk cargoes are not handled as individual pieces, the way heavy-lift and project cargo are. [Alumina](/source/Alumina), [grain](/source/Grain), [gypsum](/source/Gypsum), logs, and wood chips, for instance, are bulk cargoes. Bulk cargo is classified as [liquid](/source/Liquid) or [dry](/source/Dry_goods). ### Air [Cargolux](/source/Cargolux) Boeing 747-400F with the nose loading door open [Boeing 777](/source/Boeing_777) freighter of [Emirates](/source/Emirates_(airline)) arrives at [London Heathrow Airport](/source/London_Heathrow_Airport) (2015). Main article: [Air cargo](/source/Air_cargo) Air cargo refers to any goods shipped by air, whereas air freight refers specifically to goods transported in the cargo hold of a dedicated cargo plane.[1] Aircraft were first used to carry [mail as cargo](/source/Airmail) in 1911. Eventually manufacturers started designing aircraft for other types of freight as well. There are many commercial aircraft suitable for carrying cargo such as the [Boeing 747](/source/Boeing_747) and the more prominent [An‑124](/source/An-124), which was purposely built for easy conversion into a [cargo aircraft](/source/Cargo_aircraft). Such large aircraft employ standardized quick-loading containers known as [unit load devices](/source/Unit_load_device) (ULDs), comparable to [ISO containers](/source/Intermodal_container) on cargo ships. ULDs can be stowed in the lower decks (front and rear) of several [wide-body aircraft](/source/Wide-body_aircraft),[2] and on the main deck of some [narrow-bodies](/source/Narrow-body_aircraft). Some dedicated cargo planes have a large opening front for loading. Air freight shipments are very similar to [LTL shipments](/source/Less-than-truckload_shipping) in terms of size and packaging requirements. However, air freight or air cargo shipments typically need to move at much faster speeds than 800 km or 497 mi per hour. While shipments move faster than standard LTL, air shipments do not always actually move by air. Air shipments may be booked directly with the carriers, through brokers or with [online marketplace](/source/Online_marketplace) services. In the US, there are certain restrictions on cargo moving via air freight on passenger aircraft, most notably the transport of rechargeable lithium-ion battery shipments. Shippers in the US must be approved and be "known" in the Known Shipper Management System before their shipments can be tendered on passenger aircraft. ### Rail Main article: [Rail freight transport](/source/Rail_freight_transport) [P&O Nedlloyd](/source/P%26O_Nedlloyd) [intermodal container](/source/Intermodal_container) in a [tiphook](/source/Tiphook) [intermodal freight](/source/Intermodal_freight) [well wagon](/source/Class_U_special_wagon#Intermodal_container_well_wagons) at [Banbury station](/source/Banbury_station). [England](/source/England), 2001 Trains are capable of transporting a large number of containers that come from shipping ports. Trains are also used to transport water, cement, grain, steel, wood and coal. They are used because they can carry a large amount and generally have a direct route to the destination. Under the right circumstances, freight transport by rail is more economical and energy efficient than by road, mainly when carried in bulk or over long distances. The main disadvantage of rail freight is its lack of flexibility. For this reason, rail has lost much of the freight business to road transport. Rail freight is often subject to [transshipment](/source/Transshipment) costs, since it must be transferred from one mode of transportation to another. Practices such as containerization aim at minimizing these costs. When transporting point-to-point bulk loads such as cement or grain, with specialised bulk handling facilities at the rail sidings, the rail mode of transport remains the most convenient and preferred option. Many governments are encouraging shippers to increase their use of rail rather than transport because of trains' lower environmental impact.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] ### Road Main article: [Truck](/source/Truck) Many firms, like [Parcelforce](/source/Parcelforce), [FedEx](/source/FedEx) and [R+L Carriers](/source/R%2BL_Carriers) transport various types of cargo by road, including letters, [houses](/source/Structure_relocation), and [cargo containers](/source/Containerization). Food is commonly transported on roads in order to regularly supply [supermarkets](/source/Supermarket) with fresh food. Retailers and manufacturers of all kinds use [delivery trucks](/source/Delivery_truck), ranging in size from full [semi trucks](/source/Semi-trailer_truck) to smaller [delivery vans](/source/Delivery_van). Organizations such as the [World Bank](/source/World_Bank_Group) sometimes use the level of commercial freight transported by smaller businesses as a barometer of healthy [economic development](/source/Economic_development).[3] #### Less-than-truckload freight Main article: [Less than truckload shipping](/source/Less_than_truckload_shipping) **Less than truckload (LTL) cargo** is the first category of freight shipment, representing the majority of freight shipments and the majority of business-to-business (B2B) shipments. LTL shipments are also often referred to as *motor freight* and the carriers involved are referred to as *motor carriers*. LTL shipments range from 50 to 7,000 kg (110 to 15,430 lb), being less than 2.5 to 8.5 m (8 ft 2.4 in to 27 ft 10.6 in) the majority of times. The average single piece of LTL freight is 600 kg (1,323 lb) and the size of a standard pallet. Long freight and/or large freight are subject to extreme length and cubic capacity surcharges. Trailers used in LTL can range from 28 to 53 ft (8.53 to 16.15 m). The standard for city deliveries is usually 48 ft (14.63 m). In tight and residential environments the 28 ft (8.53 m) trailer is used the most. The shipments are usually palletized, stretch [shrink]-wrapped and packaged for a mixed-freight environment. Unlike express or parcel, LTL shippers must provide their own packaging, as carriers do not provide any packaging supplies or assistance. However, circumstances may require crating or another substantial packaging. #### Truckload freight Main article: [Truckload shipping](/source/Truckload_shipping) In the United States, shipments larger than about 7,000 kg (15,432 lb) are typically classified as **truckload (TL) freight**. This is because it is more efficient and economical for a large shipment to have exclusive use of one larger trailer rather than share space on a smaller LTL trailer. By the [Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula](/source/Federal_Bridge_Gross_Weight_Formula) the total weight of a loaded truck (tractor and trailer, 5-axle rig) cannot exceed 80,000 lb (36,287 kg) in the United States. In ordinary circumstances, long-haul equipment will [weigh](/source/Tare_weight) about 15,000 kg (33,069 lb), leaving about 20,000 kg (44,092 lb) of freight capacity. Similarly a load is limited to the space available in the trailer, normally 48 ft (14.63 m) or 53 ft (16.15 m) long, 2.6 m (102+3⁄8 in) wide, 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m) high and 13 ft 6 in or 4.11 m high overall. While express, parcel and LTL shipments are always intermingled with other shipments on a single piece of equipment and are typically reloaded across multiple pieces of equipment during their transport, TL shipments usually travel as the only shipment on a trailer. In fact, TL shipments usually deliver on exactly the same trailer as they are picked up on. #### Shipment categories Freight is usually organized into various shipment categories before it is transported. An item's category is determined by:[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] - the type of item being carried. For example, a kettle could fit into the category 'household goods'. - how large the shipment is, in terms of both item size and quantity. - how long the item for delivery will be in transit. Shipments are typically categorized as household goods, express, parcel, and freight shipments:[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] - *[Household goods](/source/Household_goods) (HHG)* include furniture, art and similar items. - *Express:* Very small business or personal items like envelopes are considered *overnight express* or *express letter shipments*. These shipments are rarely over a few kilograms or pounds and almost always travel in the carrier's own [packaging](/source/Packaging). Express shipments almost always travel some distance by air. An envelope may go coast to coast in the United States overnight or it may take several days, depending on the service options and prices chosen by the shipper. - *Parcel:* Larger items like small boxes are considered *parcels* or *ground shipments*. These shipments are rarely over 50 kg (110 lb), with no single piece of the shipment weighing more than about 70 kg (154 lb). Parcel shipments are always boxed, sometimes in the shipper's packaging and sometimes in carrier-provided packaging. Service levels are again variable but most ground shipments will move about 800 to 1,100 km (497 to 684 mi) per day. Depending on the package's origin, it can travel from coast to coast in the United States in about four days. Parcel shipments rarely travel by air and typically move via road and rail. Parcels represent the majority of business-to-consumer (B2C) shipments. - *Freight:* Beyond HHG, express, and parcel shipments, movements are termed *freight shipments*. ## Shipping costs An LTL shipper often realizes savings by utilizing a freight broker, online marketplace or another intermediary, instead of contracting directly with a trucking company. Brokers can shop the marketplace and obtain lower rates than most smaller shippers can obtain directly. In the LTL marketplace, intermediaries typically receive 50% to 80% discounts from published rates, whereas a small shipper may only be offered a 5% to 30% discount by the carrier. Intermediaries are licensed by the DOT and have the requirements to provide proof of insurance. Truckload (TL) carriers usually charge a rate per kilometre or mile. The rate varies depending on the distance, geographic location of the delivery, items being shipped, equipment type required, and service times required. TL shipments usually receive a variety of surcharges very similar to those described for LTL shipments above. There are thousands more small carriers in the TL market than in the LTL market. Therefore, the use of transportation intermediaries or brokers is widespread. Another cost-saving method is facilitating pickups or deliveries at the carrier's terminals. Carriers or intermediaries can provide shippers with the address and phone number for the closest shipping terminal to the origin and/or destination. By doing this, shippers avoid any accessorial fees that might normally be charged for liftgate, residential pickup/[delivery](/source/Delivery_(commerce)), inside pickup/delivery, or notifications/appointments. Shipping experts optimize their service and costs by sampling rates from several carriers, brokers and online marketplaces. When obtaining rates from different providers, shippers may find a wide range in the pricing offered. If a shipper in the United States uses a broker, [freight forwarder](/source/Freight_forwarder) or another transportation intermediary, it is common for the shipper to receive a copy of the carrier's Federal Operating Authority.[4] Freight brokers and intermediaries are also required by Federal Law to be licensed by the [Federal Highway Administration](/source/Federal_Highway_Administration). Experienced shippers avoid unlicensed brokers and forwarders because if brokers are working outside the law by not having a Federal Operating License, the shipper has no protection in case of a problem. Also, shippers typically ask for a copy of the broker's insurance certificate and any specific insurance that applies to the shipment. Overall, shipping costs have fallen over the past decades. A further drop in shipping costs in the future might be realized through the application of improved [3D printing](/source/3D_printing) technologies.[5] ## Security concerns Main article: [Supply chain security](/source/Supply_chain_security) Governments are very concerned with cargo shipment, as it may bring security risks to a country. Therefore, many governments have enacted rules and regulations, administered by a [customs](/source/Customs) agency, for the handling of cargo to minimize risks of [terrorism](/source/Terrorism) and other crime. Governments are mainly concerned with cargo entering through a country's borders. The United States has been one of the leaders in securing cargo. They see cargo as a concern to [national security](/source/National_security). After the terrorist attacks of [September 11th](/source/September_11%2C_2001_attacks), the security of this magnitude of cargo has become highlighted on the over 6 million cargo containers that enter the [United States](/source/United_States) ports each year.[6] The latest US Government response to this threat is the [CSI: Container Security Initiative](/source/Container_Security_Initiative). CSI is a program intended to help increase security for containerized cargo shipped to the [United States](/source/United_States) from around the world.[7] Europe is also focusing on this issue, with several EU-funded projects underway. ## Stabilization See also: [Transit bolt](/source/Transit_bolt) and [Load securing § Fasteners](/source/Load_securing#Fasteners) Many ways and materials are available to stabilize and secure cargo in various modes of transport. Conventional [load securing](/source/Load_securing) methods and materials such as steel [strapping](/source/Strapping) and plastic/wood blocking and bracing have been used for decades and are still widely used. Present load-securing methods offer several other options, including polyester strapping and lashing, synthetic webbings and dunnage bags, also known as airbags or inflatable bags. Practical advice on stabilization is given in the International Guidelines on Safe Load Securing for Road Transport.[8] - Stabilization methods - Application in container - Polyester strapping and dunnage bag - Polyester lashing - [Bronze Age](/source/Bronze_Age) [amphorae](/source/Amphora) from shipwrecks near [Bodrum](/source/Bodrum), Turkey, with rack and roping device illustrating how they might have been kept from shifting ## See also - [Cargo airline](/source/Cargo_airline) - [Cargo cult](/source/Cargo_cult) - [Cargo sampling](/source/Cargo_sampling) - [Cargo scanning](/source/Cargo_scanning) - [Counter-to-counter package](/source/Counter-to-counter_package) - [DAT Solutions](/source/DAT_Solutions) (a.k.a. Dial-a-truck) - [Delivery](/source/Delivery_(commerce)) - [Document automation](/source/Document_automation) in management - [Freight company](/source/Freight_company) - [Freight Transport Association](/source/Freight_Transport_Association) - [Goods](/source/Good_(economics_and_accounting)) - [Goods train](/source/Goods_train) - [List of cargo types](/source/List_of_cargo_types) - [Products](/source/Product_(business)) - [Standard Carrier Alpha Codes](/source/Standard_Carrier_Alpha_Codes) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Air cargo VS. Air freight"](https://an.aero/air-cargo-vs-air-freight-the-usage-in-the-shipping-industry). *AN Aviation Servies*. 12 March 2022. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** In an all-freight configuration also on their main deck, but this is less common. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-The_World_Bank_3-0)** ["Transportation is a crucial driver of economic growth and poverty reduction"](http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/14/transport-results-profile). The World Bank. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130630020149/http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/14/transport-results-profile) from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration](http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/about/other/faq/faqs.aspx) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130222141200/https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/about/other/faq/faqs.aspx) 2013-02-22 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Durach, Christian F.; Kurpjuweit, Stefan; Wagner, Stephan M. (2017-09-25). "The impact of additive manufacturing on supply chains". *International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management*. **47** (10): 954–971. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1108/ijpdlm-11-2016-0332](https://doi.org/10.1108%2Fijpdlm-11-2016-0332). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0960-0035](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-0035). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Murray Unveils First-in-the-Nation Port Security Demonstration"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070531213139/http://murray.senate.gov/news.cfm?id=191247). *U.S. Senator Patty Murray*. Archived from the original on May 31, 2007. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["CSI: Container Security Initiative"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061010193043/http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/international_activities/csi/). Archived from [the original](http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/international_activities/csi/) on October 10, 2006. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["International Guidelines on Safe Load Securing for Road Transport"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150706134231/https://www.wko.at/Content.Node/branchen/oe/TransportVerkehr/IRU-Ladungssicherungs-Leitfaden-2014.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](https://www.wko.at/Content.Node/branchen/oe/TransportVerkehr/IRU-Ladungssicherungs-Leitfaden-2014.pdf) (PDF) on July 6, 2015. ### Reference bibliography - - Cambridge Systematics (1998). *Multimodal corridor and capacity analysis manual*. Transportation Research Board. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-309-06072-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06072-1). ## External links - The dictionary definition of [*cargo*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cargo) at Wiktionary - Media related to [Freight](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Freight) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Major industries by economic sector Primary sector or ′Natural sector′ (raw materials) Biotic Agriculture Arable farming Cereals Legumes Vegetables Fiber crops Oilseeds Sugar Tobacco Permanent crops Apples et al. Berries Citrus Stone fruits Tropical fruit Viticulture Cocoa Coffee Tea Nuts Olives Medicinal plants Spices Horticulture Flowers Seeds Animal husbandry Beef cattle Dairy farming Fur farming Horses Other livestock Pig Wool Poultry Beekeeping Cochineal Shellac Silk Hunting Fur trapping Forestry Silviculture Bamboo Logging Firewood Rattan Tree tapping Frankincense Gum arabic Gutta-percha Maple syrup Mastic Natural rubber Palm sugar, syrup, & wine Pine resin Wild mushrooms Fungiculture Truffles Aquatic Fishing Anchovies Herring Sardines Cod Haddock Pollock Mackerel Shark Swordfish Tuna Crabs Lobsters Sea urchins Squid Whaling Aquaculture Carp Catfish Tilapia Abalone Mussels Oysters Pearls Microalgae Seaweed Both Clams Sea cucumbers Scallops Salmon Shrimp Geological Fossil fuels Coal Peat Natural gas Oil shale Petroleum Tar sands Mining of ores Aluminum Copper Iron Gold Silver Palladium Platinum Lithium Rare-earth metals Uranium Other minerals Gemstones Phosphorus Potash Salt Sulfur Quarrying Gravel Sand Chalk Clay Gypsum Limestone Dimension stone Granite Marble Secondary sector or ′Industrial sector′ (goods manufacturing) Manufacturing Light industry Food Animal feed Baking Canning Dairy products Flour Meat Prepared Preserved Sweets Vegetable oils Beverages Beer Bottled water Liquor Soft drinks Wine Textiles Carding Dyeing Prints Spinning Weaving Carpets Lace Linens Rope Clothing Accessories Dressmaking Furs Hatmaking Sewing Shoemaking Tailoring Printing Bookbinding Embossing Engraving Secure Typesetting Media reproduction Cassette tapes Phonographs Optical discs Metal fabrication Boilermaking Builders' & household hardware Cutlery Gunsmithing Locksmithing Machining Other smithing Powder metallurgy Prefabrication Surface finishing Other fabrication 3D printing Blow molding Drawing Extrusion Glassblowing Injection moulding Pottery Sintering Stonemasonry Woodworking Furniture Other goods Baggage Bicycles Jewellery Medical supplies Musical instruments Office supplies Outdoors & sports equipment Personal protective equipment Toys Electrical & optical Electronics Components Circuit boards Semiconductors Computers Computer systems Parts & peripherals Blank storage media Communications equipment Mobile phones Network infrastructure Consumer electronics Televisions Video game consoles Instrumentation Clocks and watches GPS devices Scientific instruments Medical imaging systems Optical instruments Cameras Gun & spotting scopes Laser construction Lens grinding Microscopes Telescopes Electrical equipment Batteries Electrical & fiber optic cables Electric lighting Electric motors Home appliances Transformers Chemicals Coal & oil refining Bitumen Coke Diesel fuel Fuel oil Gasoline Jet fuel Kerosene Mineral oil Paraffin wax Petrochemicals Petroleum jelly Propane Synthetic oil Tar Commodity chemicals Fertilizers Industrial gases Pigments Pure elements Speciality chemicals Adhesives Agrochemicals Aroma compounds Cleaning products Cosmetics Explosives Fireworks Paints & inks Perfumes Soap Toiletries Fine chemicals Pharmaceuticals Antibiotics Blood products Chemical & hormonal contraceptives Generic drugs Illegal drugs Supplements Vaccines Materials Leather Liming & deliming Tanning Currying & oiling Wood Drying Sawmilling Engineered Lumber Composite Paper Sizing Cardboard Pulp Tissue Rubber Tires Vulcanized rubber Plastics Commodity Engineered Specialty Pellets Synthetic fibers Thermoplastics & thermosets Glass Borosilicate Fused quartz Soda-lime Float glass Glass fiber Glass wool & fiberglass Safety glass Ceramics Brick Earthenware Porcelain Refractory Tile Cement Mortar Plaster Ready-mix concrete Other mineral Abrasives Carbon fibers & advanced materials Mineral wool Synthetic gems Metal refining Iron Aluminum Copper Alloys Steel Formed metal Rolled Forged Cast metal Heavy industry Machinery Conveyors Heavy Hydraulic Machine tools Power & wind turbines Automobiles Other heavy vehicles Aerospace & space Rail vehicles Ships & offshore platforms Weapons Utilities Power Electric Gas distribution Renewable Water Sewage Waste management Collection Dumping Hazardous Recycling Remediation Telecom networks Cable TV Internet Mobile Satellite Telephone Construction Buildings Commercial Industrial Residential Civil engineering Bridges Railways Roads Tunnels Canals Dams Dredging Harbors Specialty trades Cabinetry Demolition Electrical wiring Elevators HVAC Painting and decorating Plumbing Site preparation Tertiary sector or ′Service sector′ (services) Sales Retail Car dealership Consumer goods General store Grocery store Department store Mail order E-commerce Online shopping Specialty store Wholesale Auction Brokerage Distribution Transport & Storage Cargo Air cargo Intermodal Mail Moving company Rail Trucking Passenger transport Airlines Car rentals Passenger rail Ridesharing Taxis Warehousing Self storage Hospitality Food service Drink service Cafés Catering Fast food Food delivery Restaurants Teahouses Hotels Asset management Financial services Banking Credit Financial advice Holding company Money transfer Payment cards Risk management Securities Insurance Health Life Pension funding Property Reinsurance Real estate Brokerage Property management Professional Accounting Assurance Audit Bookkeeping Tax advice Architecture & engineering Inspection Surveying Physical, product, & system testing Design Fashion Interior Product Legal services Management Consulting Public relations Marketing Advertising Creative Language Research and development Basic research Healthcare Medicine Dentist offices Hospitals Nursing Residential care Veterinary medicine Entertainment & leisure Audio-visual Film Music Video games Broadcasting News Radio Television Sport Travel Business travel Cruise lines Tourism Gambling Online Venues Arcades Amusement parks Fairgrounds Nightclubs Tabletop games Publishing & Mass media Written Books Periodicals Software Internet Hosting Social networks Streaming Websites Education Primary Secondary Tertiary Vocational school University Testing Tutoring Other Administrative Customer service Leasing Renting Staffing Private investigation & security Maintenance Janitors Landscaping Repairs Personal services Beauty Dry cleaning Funeral Maid service Pet care Sex Poverty Related Classification standards Production-based ANZSIC ISIC NACE NAICS SIC UKSIC Market-based GICS ICB TRBC Other Aftermarket Generic OEM Inputs & outputs Externalities Community Crime Culture Pollution Well-being Funding Goods Commodities Final Intermediate Raw material Innovation Primary inputs Labor Natural resources Physical capital Services Technology Organization Centralization Cartel Conglomerate Horizontal integration Mergers and acquisitions Monopoly Monopsony Vertical integration Decentralization Enforced breakup Freelancing Homesteading Outsourcing Putting-out system Spinning-off Temporary work Ownership Cooperative Joint-stock company Nationalization Nonprofit organization Partnership Privatization Sole proprietorship State-owned enterprise Category Outline Authority control databases International GND National United States Japan Czech Republic Israel Other Yale LUX [Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals): - [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation) - [Trains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Trains) - [Transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Transport) - [Underwater diving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Underwater_diving) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.