# Cardinalis

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cardinalis
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cardinalis.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinalis
> Source revision: 1356830469
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cardinalis sinuatus.jpg
| image_caption = Male pyrrhuloxia
| image2 = Pyrr-juvenile.jpg
| image2_caption = Female pyrrhuloxia 
| taxon = Cardinalis
| authority = [Bonaparte](/source/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte), 1838
|type_species=''[Cardinalis virginianus](/source/Northern_cardinal)'' = ''Loxia cardinalis''
| type_species_authority = Bonaparte, 1838
}}

'''''Cardinalis''''' is a genus of birds in the family [Cardinalidae](/source/Cardinalidae).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy browser (Cardinalis)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=56326&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock|access-date=2021-05-01|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of CARDINALIS|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Cardinalis|access-date=2021-05-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> There are three species ranging across North America to northern South America.

==Description==
They are birds between 19 and 22&nbsp;cm in length. Its most distinctive characteristics are the presence of a conspicuous crest and a thick and strong conical bill. There is [sexual dimorphism](/source/sexual_dimorphism);<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-31|title=Rare half-male, half-female cardinal spotted in Pennsylvania|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/half-male-half-female-cardinal-pennsylvania|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222190756/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/half-male-half-female-cardinal-pennsylvania|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 22, 2021|access-date=2021-05-01|website=Animals|language=en}}</ref> males have a greater amount of red in their plumage, and females have only some tints, with a predominance of gray. Its striking red plumage is likened to a [Catholic](/source/Catholic_Church) [senior priest's garments](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)), and their genus is named after the Latin word for them, ''cardinalis''.<ref>{{cite book |last= Jobling |first= James A. | year= 2010 |title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |location = London, England  |publisher= Christopher Helm  | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = 91}}</ref> Immature individuals are similar in appearance to females.

==Species==
{{Species table |genus= Cardinalis |authority-name= [Bonaparte](/source/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte) |authority-year=1838 |species-count=three|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row
|name= [Northern cardinal](/source/Northern_cardinal)|binomial=Cardinalis cardinalis
|image=File:Northern Cardinal (34121550154).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Northen Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) RWD.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= United States from Maine to Texas and in Canada in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Its range extends west to the U.S.–Mexico border and south through Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, northern Guatemala, and northern Belize
|range-image=File:Cardinalis cardinalis map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Nineteen subspecies<ref name="ioc">{{cite web |year=2019 |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=Frank |editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |title=Cardinals, grosbeaks and (tanager) allies |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cardinals/ |access-date=26 June 2019 |work=World Bird List Version 9.2 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> |bullets=on
| ''C. c. cardinalis'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
| ''C. c. affinis'' <small>Nelson, 1899</small>
| ''C. c. canicaudus'' <small>Chapman, 1891</small>
| ''C. c. carneus'' <small>(Lesson, 1842)</small>
| ''C. c. clintoni'' <small>(Banks, 1963)</small>
| ''C. c. coccineus'' <small>Ridgway, 1873</small>
| ''C. c. flammiger'' <small>J.L. Peters, 1913</small>
| ''C. c. floridanus'' <small>Ridgway, 1896</small>
| ''C. c. igneus'' <small>S.F. Baird, 1860</small>
| ''C. c. littoralis'' <small>Nelson, 1897</small>
| ''C. c. magnirostris'' <small>Bangs, 1903</small>
| ''C. c. mariae'' <small>Nelson, 1898</small>
| ''C. c. phillipsi'' <small>Parkes, 1997</small>
| ''C. c. saturatus'' <small>Ridgway, 1885</small>
| ''C. c. seftoni'' <small>(Huey, 1940)</small>
| ''C. c. sinaloensis'' <small>Nelson, 1899</small>
| ''C. c. superbus'' <small>Ridgway, 1885</small>
| ''C. c. townsendi'' <small>(van Rossem, 1932)</small>
| ''C. c. yucatanicus'' <small>Ridgway, 1887</small>
}}
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=[Pyrrhuloxia](/source/Pyrrhuloxia) ({{aka}} Desert cardinal) |binomial=Cardinalis sinuatus
|image=File:Cardinalis sinuatus.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Cardinalis sinuatus by Kramer Gary.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Bonaparte |authority-year=1838 |authority-not-original=
|range= U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas and woodland edges in Mexico
|range-image=File:Cardinalis sinuatus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name= [Vermilion cardinal](/source/Vermilion_cardinal) |binomial=Cardinalis phoeniceus
|image=File:Cardinalis phoenicius Cardenal guajiro Vermilion Cardinal (male) (8619284898).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Cardinales phoeniceus female.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Bonaparte |authority-year=1838 |authority-not-original=
|range= Colombia and Venezuela
|range-image=File:Cardinalis phoeniceus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/end}}

===Phylogeny===
Cladogram based on analysis by Tilston Smith and Klicka published in 2013.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Multilocus-species-tree-and-mtDNA-tree-for-Cardinalis-cardinalis-and-allies-Species-tree_fig2_235778391</ref>
{{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%
|label1=''Cardinalis''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[C. phoeniceus](/source/Cardinalis_phoeniceus)
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[C.sinuatus](/source/Cardinalis_sinuatus)
|2=[C.cardinalis](/source/Cardinalis_cardinalis) 
}}
}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Cardinalis|''Cardinalis''}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Cardinalis|''Cardinalis''}}

{{Passeroidea|E.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q858444}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Cardinalis
Category:Bird genera
Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

{{Passeroidea-stub}}

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cardinalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinalis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinalis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.