# Cardamine incisa

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|genus = Cardamine
|species = incisa
|authority = K.Schum.{{r|IPNI:292671-2}}
|synonyms = 
{{Collapsible list |title=Homotypic synonyms |{{Species list
  |Dentaria incisa  |Eames
  |Dentaria incisifolia  |Eames ex Britton
}}}}
|synonyms_ref = {{r|USDA}}
}}

'''''Cardamine incisa''''' is a [species](/source/species) of [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant) in the mustard [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Brassicaceae](/source/Brassicaceae).{{r|POWO:292671-2}}

==Taxonomy==
''Cardamine incisa'' was first described as ''Dentaria incisa'' by [Edwin Hubert Eames](/source/Edwin_Hubert_Eames) in 1903.{{r|IPNI:298715-2}}{{sfnp|Eames|1903|loc=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562188#page/224/mode/1up p. 216]}} However, the name ''Dentaria incisa'' {{small|Eames}} is an [illegitimate name](/source/Nomen_illegitimum) since the [binomial name](/source/binomial_name) ''Dentaria incisa'' was already in use at the time Eames published his description. The American botanist [Nathaniel Lord Britton](/source/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton) corrected this oversight by describing ''Dentaria incisifolia'' {{small|Eames ex Britton}} in 1905,{{r|IPNI:77945-2}} but by that time, a valid description for ''Cardamine incisa'' had already been provided by the German botanist [Karl Moritz Schumann](/source/Karl_Moritz_Schumann) in 1904.{{r|IPNI:292671-2}} Therefore, the correct name for this taxon is ''Cardamine incisa'' {{small|K.Schum.}},{{r|POWO:292671-2}} while the other two names are [synonyms](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)). In recognition of Eames' contribution, the taxon is sometimes referred to as '''Eames' toothwort'''.{{sfnp|Haines|2011|p=482}}{{r|Go Botany}}

''Cardamine incisa'' is a member of the ''Cardamine concatenata'' alliance, a [monophyletic](/source/monophyletic) group of eastern North American species that includes ''[Cardamine angustata](/source/Cardamine_angustata)'', ''[Cardamine concatenata](/source/Cardamine_concatenata)'', ''[Cardamine diphylla](/source/Cardamine_diphylla)'', ''[Cardamine dissecta](/source/Cardamine_dissecta)'', ''Cardamine incisa'', and ''[Cardamine maxima](/source/Cardamine_maxima)''.{{r|Sweeney and Price 2001}} All members of the alliance were previously placed in genus ''Dentaria'' {{small|Tourn. ex L.}}, which is now considered to be a synonym for ''Cardamine'' {{small|L.}}{{r|POWO:30001912-2}}

Some authorities recognize the taxon corresponding to ''Cardamine incisa'' {{small|K.Schum.}},{{r|POWO:292671-2|USDA}}{{sfnp|Haines|2011|pp=479-482}} while others do not. In particular, ''[Flora of North America](/source/Flora_of_North_America)'' and [NatureServe](/source/NatureServe) do not recognize this taxon.

==References==
{{Reflist|40em|refs=

<ref name="Go Botany">{{cite web |title=''Cardamine incisa'' — Eames' toothwort |url=https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cardamine/incisa/ |website=Go Botany |publisher=Native Plant Trust |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="IPNI:298715-2">{{IPNI |id=298715-2 |taxon=''Dentaria'' ''incisa'' |authority={{small|Eames}} |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="IPNI:77945-2">{{IPNI |id=77945-2 |taxon=''Dentaria'' ''incisifolia'' |authority={{small|Eames ex Britton}} |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="IPNI:292671-2">{{IPNI |id=292671-2 |taxon=''Cardamine'' ''incisa'' |authority={{small|K.Schum.}} |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="POWO:292671-2">{{cite POWO |id=292671-2 |title=''Cardamine incisa'' {{small|K.Schum.}} |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="POWO:30001912-2">{{cite POWO |id=30001912-2 |title=''Dentaria'' {{small|Tourn. ex L.}} |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Sweeney and Price 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Sweeney |first1=Patrick W. |last2=Price |first2=Robert A. |title=A multivariate morphological analysis of the ''Cardamine concatenata'' alliance (Brassicaceae) |journal=Brittonia |date=2001 |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=82–95 |doi=10.1007/BF02805400 |bibcode=2001Britt..53...82S |url=https://www.academia.edu/11088450 |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="USDA">{{PLANTS |id=CAIN20 |taxon=Cardamine incisa |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>

}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |last1=Eames |first1=Edwin H. |title=The Dentarias of Connecticut |journal=Rhodora |date=September 1903 |volume=5 |issue=57 |pages=213–219}}
* {{cite book |last1=Haines |first1=Arthur |others=Illustrated by Elizabeth Farnsworth and Gordon Morrison |title=New England Wild Flower Society's Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England |date=2011 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-17154-9 |url={{Google books|RKKWVwC_sdoC|page=94|plainurl=yes}}}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15537969}}

incisa
Category:Flora of Connecticut
Category:Plants described in 1903
Category:Taxa named by Karl Moritz Schumann

{{Brassicaceae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cardamine incisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardamine_incisa) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardamine_incisa?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.