# Carcharodini

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The **Carcharodini** are a [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) in the [skipper butterfly](/source/Skipper_butterfly) [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) [Pyrginae](/source/Pyrginae). They are a very diverse but quite [plesiomorphic](/source/Plesiomorphic) and inconspicuous group distributed throughout the [tropics](/source/Tropics).[1]

Formerly, when only four tribes of Pyrginae were recognized, they were included in the [Pyrgini](/source/Pyrgini), which at that time contained a massive number of [genera](/source/Genera). But the Pyrginae have since been reorganized to make them and their tribes [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic), leading most modern authors to treat the Carcharodini as distinct tribe. However, the old circumscription of the Pyrgini was by and large just as correct from a [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetic) perspective.[1]

The tribe of the Pyrgini *[sensu lato](/source/Sensu_lato)* most closely related to the Pyrgini *[sensu stricto](/source/Sensu_stricto)* are the strikingly different [Achlyodidini](/source/Achlyodidini). As many consider it desirable to treat this lineage as a distinct tribe, the Carcharodini naturally need to be considered distinct too.[1]

## Genera

These genera belong to the tribe Carcharodini:[1][2][3][4]

- *[Agyllia](/source/Agyllia)* Grishin, 2020
- *[Arteurotia](/source/Arteurotia)* Butler & H. Druce, 1872
- *[Austinus](/source/Austinus)* Mielke & Casagrande, 2016
- *[Bolla](/source/Bolla_(butterfly))* Mabille, 1903
- *[Burca](/source/Burca_(butterfly))* Bell & Comstock, 1948
- *[Carcharodus](/source/Carcharodus)* Hübner, [1819]
- *[Clytius](/source/Clytius_(butterfly))* Grishin, 2019
- *[Conognathus](/source/Conognathus)* Felder & Felder, 1862
- *[Cyclosemia](/source/Cyclosemia)* Mabille, 1878 (eyed skippers)
- *[Ernsta](/source/Ernsta)* Grishin, 2020
- *[Favria](/source/Favria_cribrellum)* Tutt, 1906
- *[Fuscocimex](/source/Fuscocimex)* Austin, 2008
- *[Gomalia](/source/Gomalia)* Moore, 1879 (marbled or African mallow skippers)
- *[Gorgopas](/source/Gorgopas_(butterfly))* Godman & Salvin, 1894
- *[Hesperopsis](/source/Hesperopsis)* Dyar, 1905 (sootywings)
- *[Iliana](/source/Iliana)* Bell, 1937
- *[Incisus](/source/Incisus)* Grishin, 2019
- *[Jera](/source/Jera_(butterfly))* Lindsey, 1925
- *[Mictris](/source/Mictris)* Evans, 1955
- *[Mimia](/source/Mimia_(butterfly))* Evans, 1953
- *[Morvina](/source/Morvina)* Evans, 1953
- *[Muschampia](/source/Muschampia)* Tutt, 1906
- *[Myrinia](/source/Myrinia)* Evans, 1953
- *[Nisoniades](/source/Nisoniades)* Hübner, 1819
- *[Noctuana](/source/Noctuana)* E. Bell, 1937
- *[Ocella](/source/Ocella_(butterfly))* Evans, 1953
- *[Pachyneuria](/source/Pachyneuria)* Mabille, 1888
- *[Pellicia](/source/Pellicia)* Herrich-Schaffer, 1870
- *[Perus](/source/Perus_(butterfly))* Grishin, 2019
- *[Pholisora](/source/Pholisora)* Scudder, 1872 (sootywings)
- *[Polyctor](/source/Polyctor_(butterfly))* Evans, 1953
- *[Sophista](/source/Sophista)* Plötz, 1879
- *[Spialia](/source/Spialia)* Swinhoe, 1912 (grizzled skippers & sandmen)
- *[Staphylus](/source/Staphylus_(butterfly))* Godman & Salvin, 1896 (scallopwings)
- *[Viola](/source/Viola_(butterfly))* Evans, 1953 (Viola skippers)
- *[Viuria](/source/Viuria)* Grishin, 2019
- *[Windia](/source/Windia)* H. Freeman, 1969
- *[Xispia](/source/Xispia)* Lindsey, 1925

## Footnotes

1. Brower (2009)

1. Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing et al. (2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*. **116** (13): 6232–6237. [Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PNAS..116.6232L). [doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821304116). [PMC 6442542](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6442542). [PMID 30877254](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30877254)

1. Zhang, Jing; Brockmann, Ernst; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui et al. (2020). "A genomic perspective on the taxonomy of the subtribe Carcharodina (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Carcharodini)". *Zootaxa*. **4748** (1): 182–194. [doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.10](https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.10). [PMC 8018707](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8018707). [PMID 32230093](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32230093)

1. Cong, Qian; Zhang, Jing; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2019). "Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". *[Insecta Mundi](/source/Insecta_Mundi)*. **0731**: 1–56.

## References

- (2009): [Tree of Life Web Project](/source/Tree_of_Life_Web_Project) – [Carcharodini](http://tolweb.org/Carcharodini/95260). Version of 2009-JUN-14. Retrieved 2009-DEC-26.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Carcharodini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcharodini) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcharodini?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.