# Carangoides ciliarius

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Species of fish

Carangoides ciliarius Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Carangiformes Suborder: Carangoidei Family: Carangidae Genus: Carangoides Species: C. ciliarius Binomial name Carangoides ciliarius (Rüppell, 1830)

***Carangoides ciliarius*** is a dubious [species](/source/Species) of [marine](/source/Marine_(ocean)) [fish](/source/Fish) in the jack and horse mackerel family, [Carangidae](/source/Carangidae). The validity of the species has been questioned by a number of authors, with many concluding it is a [synonym](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) of the similar *[Carangoides armatus](/source/Carangoides_armatus)*, commonly known as the longfin trevally. However, this synonymy has not been accepted by all authorities, with [Fishbase](/source/Fishbase) and [ITIS](/source/ITIS) both recognising it as a valid species. Like *Carangoides armatus*, the species is occasionally referred to as the 'longfin kingfish'.

## Taxonomy

The species, as it is currently recognised, was scientifically described and named by the [German](/source/Germany) naturalist [Eduard Rüppell](/source/Eduard_R%C3%BCppell) in 1830, based on the [holotype](/source/Holotype) specimen taken from Massawa in the [Red Sea](/source/Red_Sea).[1] Rüppell named the fish *Citula ciliaria*, placing the species in what was at the time a valid genus of jacks. As the classification of the carangids was reviewed, *Citula* was synonymised with *[Pseudocaranx](/source/Pseudocaranx)*, with *C. ciliaria* transferred to *Carangoides*, and the [specific name](/source/Specific_name_(zoology)) changed from *ciliaria* to *ciliarius*, leading to the currently accepted combination. There is a possibility that [Peter Forsskål](/source/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l) described and named the species earlier, in 1775, which would make him the correct author under [ICZN](/source/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature) rules. He named a species *Sciaena armata*, but the description has been too vague to make any certain conclusions, and this name is considered a *[nomen dubium](/source/Nomen_dubium)* that cannot hold priority, and placed in synonymy with *C. ciliarius*.[2]

[Georges Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier) independently renamed the species as *Caranx citula* in 1833, also making reference to the name *Caranx cirrhosus* as a synonym of his new name. This name was apparently coined by [Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg](/source/Christian_Gottfried_Ehrenberg), although never properly published.[2] These two names are considered to be [junior synonyms](/source/Junior_synonym) under ICZN naming rules and are no longer valid.

### Synonymy with *Carangoides armatus*

There has been extensive confusion in the [ichthyological](/source/Ichthyology) literature between *C. ciliarius* and *C. armatus*. Rüppell described both 'species' in the same volume, and a 1973 paper by Margret Smith concluded he merely described both a young and an old individual of the same species.[2] She recommended that *C. ciliarius* be given priority due to the fact it appears first in the book. A similar mistake involving misidentification of age stages apparently occurred in a 1937 analysis of carangids by Yojiro Wakiya, who divided *C. armatus* into four separate species, one of them being *C. ciliarius*.[3] The most recent investigation into this taxonomic problem occurred in 1980, when Williams and Venkataramani confirmed synonymy between *C. armatus* and *C. ciliarius*, but recommended the name *Carangoides armatus* be kept.[4]

Most modern publications now list *C. ciliarius* as a synonym of *C. armatus*, with the last major revision of Indo-Pacific carangids also reaffirming this.[5] Nevertheless, two major taxonomic authorities, Fishbase and ITIS, list the species as valid based on an older version of [California Academy of Sciences](/source/California_Academy_of_Sciences) Catalog of Fishes,[6][7] which now treats *C. ciliarus* as synonymous with *Carangoides armatus*.[8] This name is occasionally used in non-scientific literature such as fishing publications, although the common name given to the fish, 'longfin kingfish', is also applied to *Carangoides armatus*.[9]

## See also

- [Longfin trevally](/source/Longfin_trevally), *Carangoides armatus*, for a description of the species appearance and distribution

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology (April 2008). ["*ciliaria, Citula*"](http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?spid=34499). *Catalog of Fishes*. CAS. Retrieved 2008-08-06.[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-smith_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-smith_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-smith_2-2) Smith, Margaret M. (1973). "Identity of *Caranx armatus* (Pisces: Carangidae)". *Copeia*. **1973** (2). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists: 352–355. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1442982](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1442982). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1442982](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1442982).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Nichols, J. T. (1940). "On *Citula ciliaria* Rüppell". *Copeia*. **1940** (3). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists: 201–202. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1437985](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1437985). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1437985](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1437985).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Williams_4-0)** Williams, F.; Venkataramani, V.K. (1980). "Notes on Indo-Pacific carangid fishes of the genus *Carangoides* Bleeker II. The *Carangoides armatus* group". *Bulletin of Marine Science*. **28** (3): 501–511.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FAO_5-0)** Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem, eds. (2001). [*FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae)*](ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/x2400e/x2400e52.pdf) (PDF). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 2694. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-92-5-104587-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-104587-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["*Carangoides ciliarius*"](https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Carangoides&speciesname=ciliarius). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. January 2008 version.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["*Carangoides ciliarius*"](https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=641944). [Integrated Taxonomic Information System](/source/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System). Retrieved 29 March 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CofF_8-0)** Fricke, Ron; [Eschmeyer, William N.](/source/William_N._Eschmeyer) & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). ["*Citula cilaria*"](http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?spid=34499). *[Catalog of Fishes](/source/Catalog_of_Fishes)*. [California Academy of Sciences](/source/California_Academy_of_Sciences). Retrieved 24 November 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SAfrica_9-0)** van der Elst, Rudy; Peter Borchert (1994). *A Guide to the Common Sea Fishes of Southern Africa*. New Holland Publishers. p. 142. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-86825-394-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86825-394-4).

## External links

- [*Carangoides ciliarius* at Fishbase](http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=53230)

Taxon identifiers Carangoides ciliarius Wikidata: Q3302616 Wikispecies: Carangoides ciliarius BioLib: 169067 CoL: R2HR FishBase: 53230 GBIF: 5210564 iNaturalist: 609907 IRMNG: 10141155 ITIS: 641944 NCBI: 2713598 OBIS: 218398 Open Tree of Life: 412912 WoRMS: 218398

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Carangoides ciliarius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carangoides_ciliarius) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carangoides_ciliarius?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.