# Capulus

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{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|fossil_range = {{fossilrange|443.8|0.0}} [Silurian](/source/Silurian) to Recent
|image =  Capulus ungaricus 001.jpg
|image_caption = Two [shells](/source/gastropod_shell) of ''[Capulus ungaricus](/source/Capulus_ungaricus)'' with the [periostracum](/source/periostracum) removed
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Capulus
|authority = [Montfort](/source/Pierre_Denys_de_Montfort), 1810
|synonyms =
* ''Actita'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 <small>(Unnecessary substitute name for Capulus and Pileopsis)</small>
* ''Brocchia'' Bronn, 1828
* ''Capulonix'' <small>Iredale, 1929</small>
* ''Pileopsis'' <small>Lamarck, 1822</small>
* ''Pileopsis (Brocchia)'' <small>Bronn, 1828</small>
|type_species = ''Patella ungarica''
|type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
}}

'''''Capulus''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of small [sea snail](/source/sea_snail)s, [marine](/source/marine_(ocean)) [gastropod](/source/gastropod) [mollusk](/source/Mollusc)s in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Capulidae](/source/Capulidae), the cap snails.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|137729|''Capulus'' Montfort, 1810|||Gofas, S. (2009). Capulus Montfort, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through:  [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) at <nowiki>http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137729</nowiki> on 28 May 2012}}</ref>

==Species==
Species within the genus ''Capulus'' include:
* ''[Capulus badius](/source/Capulus_badius)'' <small>Dunker, 1882</small>
* ''[Capulus californicus](/source/Capulus_californicus)'' <small>Dall, 1900</small>
* ''[Capulus compressus](/source/Capulus_compressus)'' <small>E. A. Smith, 1891</small>
* ''[Capulus daanbantayanensis](/source/Capulus_daanbantayanensis)'' <small>Poppe & Tagaro, 2026</small> 
* ''[Capulus danieli](/source/Capulus_danieli)''<small> (Crosse, 1858)</small>
* † ''[Capulus deurganckensis](/source/Capulus_deurganckensis)'' <small>Marquet & Landau, 2006</small> 
* ''[Capulus devexus](/source/Capulus_devexus)'' <small>(May, 1916)</small>
* ''[Capulus dilatatus](/source/Capulus_dilatatus)'' <small>A. Adams, 1860</small>
* ''[Capulus elegans](/source/Capulus_elegans)'' <small>(Tapparone Canefri, 1877)</small>
* ''[Capulus fragilis](/source/Capulus_fragilis)'' <small>E. A. Smith, 1904</small>
* ''[Capulus huangi](/source/Capulus_huangi)'' <small>S.-I Huang & Y.-F. Huang, 2012</small>
* ''[Capulus japonicus](/source/Capulus_japonicus)'' <small>A. Adams, 1861</small>
* ''[Capulus kawamurai](/source/Capulus_kawamurai)'' <small>Habe, 1992</small>
* ''[Capulus ngai](/source/Capulus_ngai)'' <small>Thach, 2016</small>
* ''[Capulus novaezelandiae](/source/Capulus_novaezelandiae)'' <small>Dell, 1978</small>
* ''[Capulus otohimeae](/source/Capulus_otohimeae)'' <small>(Habe, 1946)</small>
* † ''[Capulus partimsinuosus](/source/Capulus_partimsinuosus)'' <small>(S. V. Wood, 1848)</small> 
* ''[Capulus sericeus](/source/Capulus_sericeus)'' <small>J. Burch & R. Burch, 1961</small>
* ''[Capulus simplex](/source/Capulus_simplex)'' <small>Locard, 1898</small><ref>{{WRMS species|138983|''Capulus simplex'' Locard, 1898||5 June 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[Capulus sinuosus](/source/Capulus_sinuosus)'' <small>(Brocchi, 1814)</small> 
* ''[Capulus spondylicola](/source/Capulus_spondylicola)'' <small>Habe, 1967</small>
* ''[Capulus subcompressus](/source/Capulus_subcompressus)'' <small>Pelseneer, 1903</small><ref>{{WRMS species|197086|''Capulus subcompressus'' Pelseneer, 1903||5 June 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Capulus ungaricoides](/source/Capulus_ungaricoides)'' <small>(d'Orbigny, 1841)</small>
* ''[Capulus ungaricus](/source/Capulus_ungaricus)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|138984|''Capulus ungaricus'' (Linnaeus, 1758)||5 June 2010}}</ref>
* ''Capulus violaceus'' <small>Angas, 1867</small>
thumb|225px|''Capulus danieli''
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Capulus bicarinatus'' <small>(Pease, 1861a)</small>: synonym of ''[Amathina bicarinata](/source/Amathina_bicarinata)'' <small>Pease, 1861</small>
* ''Capulus chilensis'' <small>Dall, 1904</small>: synonym of ''Capulus ungaricoides'' <small>(d'Orbigny, 1841)</small>
* † ''Capulus corrugatus'' ([extinct](/source/extinct)/[fossil](/source/fossil)):<ref name = ludvigsen>Ludvigsen, Rolf & Beard, Graham. 1997. West Coast Fossils: A Guide to the Ancient Life of Vancouver Island. pg. 112</ref> synonym of † ''[Capulus partimsinuosus](/source/Capulus_partimsinuosus)'' <small>(S. V. Wood, 1848)</small> 
* ''Capulus devotus'' <small>Hedley, 1904</small>: synonym of ''[Malluvium devotum](/source/Malluvium_devotum)'' <small>(Hedley, 1904)</small> (original combination)
* ''Capulus galea'' <small>Dall, 1889</small>: synonym of ''[Hyalorisia galea](/source/Hyalorisia_galea)'' (Dall, 1889)
* ''Capulus galeus'' [sic]: synonym of ''Capulus galea'' <small>Dall, 1889</small>: synonym of ''[Hyalorisia galea](/source/Hyalorisia_galea)'' <small>(Dall, 1889)</small>
* ''Capulus hungaricus'' [sic]: synonym of ''Capulus ungaricus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Capulus incurvus'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791</small>): synonym of ''[Hipponix incurvus](/source/Hipponix_incurvus)'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Capulus intortus'' (Lamarck, 1822):<ref>{{WRMS species|208544|''Capulus intortus'' (Lamarck, 1822)||5 June 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''[Hipponix incurvus](/source/Hipponix_incurvus)'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Capulus kawamurai'' <small>Habe, 1992</small>: synonym of ''Capulus danieli'' <small>(Crosse, 1858)</small>
* ''Capulus liberatus'' <small>Pease, 1868</small>: synonym of ''[Krebsia liberata](/source/Krebsia_liberata)'' <small>(Pease, 1868)</small>
* ''Capulus lissus'' <small>E.A. Smith, 1894</small>: synonym of ''[Malluvium lissum](/source/Malluvium_lissum)'' <small>(E. A. Smith, 1894)</small>
* ''Capulus militaris'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1771)</small>: synonym of ''[Capulus ungaricus](/source/Capulus_ungaricus)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Capulus nutatus'' <small>Hedley, 1908</small>: synonym of ''Williamia radiata nutata'' <small>(Hedley, 1908)</small>
* ''Capulus radiatus'' <small>M. Sars, 1851</small>: synonym of ''Piliscus radiatus'' <small>(Sars M., 1851)</small>: synonym of ''[Piliscus commodus](/source/Piliscus_commodus)'' <small>(Middendorff, 1851)</small>
* ''Capulus sagittifer'' <small>Gould, 1852</small>: synonym of ''[Phenacolepas sagittifer](/source/Phenacolepas_sagittifer)'' <small>(Gould, 1852)</small>
* ''Capulus shreevei'' <small>Conrad, 1869</small>: synonym of ''[Cyrtopleura costata](/source/Cyrtopleura_costata)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Capulus sycophanta'' <small>Garrard, 1961</small>: synonym of ''Capulus danieli'' <small>(Crosse, 1858)</small>
* ''Capulus uncinatus'' <small>(Hutton, 1873)</small>: synonym of ''Capulus danieli'' (<small>Crosse, 1858)</small>

According to the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS) the following species names are also in current use <ref>[http://clade.ansp.org/obis/search.php/8214 OBIS : Capulus]</ref>
* ''[Capulus irregularis](/source/Capulus_irregularis)'' <small>E. A. Smith, 1895</small>
* ''[Capulus paleacea](/source/Capulus_paleacea)'' <small>Menke</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Beu A.G. (2004). "Marine Mollusca of Oxygen Isotope Stages of the Last 2 Million Years in New Zealand. Part 1: Revised Generic Positions and Recognition of Warm-Water and Cool-Water Migrants". ''Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand'' 34(2): 192.
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). "Mollusca". In: Costello, M.J. et al. (ed.) (2001). ''European Register of Marine Species: A Check-List of the Marine Species in Europe and a Bibliography of Guides to Their Identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp.&nbsp;180–213.
* Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). "All Mollusca Except Opisthobranchia". In: Gordon, D. (ed.) (2009). ''New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity''. Volume One: ''Kingdom Animalia''. 584 pp.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/10571 Montfort P. &#91;Denys de&#93;. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. Paris: Schoell. Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409 &#91;1808&#93;. Vol. 2: pp.&nbsp;676 + 16]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q919398}}

Category:Capulidae
Category:Gastropod genera
Category:Extant Silurian first appearances
Category:Taxa named by Pierre Denys de Montfort

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Capulus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capulus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capulus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.