# Capuche

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{{short description|Hood worn by many Catholic monks}}
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A '''Capuche''' (also '''almuce'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhTqAAAAMAAJ&q=Capuche| title=Augustine in Iconography: History and Legend |author1=Joseph C. Schnaubelt |author2=Frederick Van Fleteren |publisher=Peter Lang Publishing |date=1 Jan 1999 |page=404| isbn=9780820422916}}</ref>) is a friar's cowl, a long, pointed hood which was typically worn by the [Franciscan](/source/Franciscan), [Capuchin](/source/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin), [Augustinian](/source/Augustinians), [Carmelite](/source/Carmelites), or [Cistercian](/source/Cistercian) monks.

The name, which is now the French word for "hood", is of [Middle French](/source/Middle_French) origin, derived from the Italian word ''cappuccio'' and the [Late Latin](/source/Late_Latin) word ''cappa'', meaning cloak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capuche|title=Capuche|publisher=Merriam Webster's|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> The Capuchins in turn were named after the capuche,<ref>Abraham Rees, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj9RAAAAcAAJ&q=Capuche&pg=PP512dq=Capuchehl=ensa=Xved  The Cyclopaedia; Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences], Volume 6, p.512.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Janet Mayo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZsuAQAAIAAJ&q=Capuche|title=A History of Ecclesiastical Dress|publisher=Holmes & Meier Publishers|year=1984|page=138|isbn = 9780841909830}}</ref> a name which Richard Viladesau states was a tribute to the [Camaldolese](/source/Camaldolese) monks who gave early refuge to [Matteo da Bascio](/source/Matteo_da_Bascio), founder of the Capuchin Franciscans in the 1520s.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Richard Viladesau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBM3JV2W7X4C&dq=Capuche&pg=PR167|title=The Triumph of the Cross: The Passion of Christ in Theology and the Arts|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|page=167|isbn = 978-0-19-988737-8}}</ref>

An elongated hood worn by friars was originally denoted as a symbol of punishment or shame.<ref name="RT">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ngd1U5tG4EC&q=Capuche|title=Round Table of Franciscan Research, Volumes 13-14|publisher=Capuchin Seminary of St. Anthony|year=1947|pages=172–76}}</ref> Indeed, there are testaments of the capuche being given to [pauper](/source/pauper)s or thrown into fires during the time of [Francis of Assisi](/source/Francis_of_Assisi).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Regis J. Armstrong |author2=J. A. Wayne Hellmann |author3=William J. Short |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gczMBquvS_UC&q=Capuche|title=Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, Volume 2|publisher=New City Press|year=2000|pages=47, 799|isbn = 9781565481138}}</ref> In Medieval Spain, Muslims were forced to wear bright yellow capuches with a blue moon on the right shoulder and to live in enclosures (morerías) to chasten them for not being Christian.<ref>{{cite book|author= Joseph F. O'Callaghan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xVMJAgAAQBAJ&dq=Capuche&pg=PT807|title=A History of Medieval Spain|publisher=[Cornell University Press](/source/Cornell_University_Press)|year=2013|page=807|isbn = 9780801468711}}</ref>

The negative connotation associated with capuches appears to have been rescinded under [St Bonaventure](/source/St_Bonaventure), who served as Minister General from 1257 to 1274. Bonaventure paid scrupulous attention to the uniforms of friars, issuing a decree which made friars more discernible from the Umbrian peasants. Bonaventure's decree made it obligatory for the backs of capuches to be pointed and rounded at the front, with a round cowl marginally large enough to cover the head. His reform concerning capuches effectively removed the stigma which had been attached to them among Franciscans.<ref name="RT"/>

A black capuche was typically worn daily while a white one was much fuller and often reserved for ceremonial occasions.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stephen J. Gendzier |author2=Denis Diderot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dV4QAQAAIAAJ&q=Capuche|title=Denis Diderot's The Encyclopedia: selections|publisher=[Harper Torchbooks](/source/Harper_Torchbooks)|year= 1967 |pages=78–82}}</ref> Capuchin friars once were grey but later a brown cloak with capuche and sandals had become the norm.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMzvussbYOEC&q=Capuche |title=Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Volume 36|publisher=Peabody Museum|year= 1949|page=98}}</ref> The Cistercians wore a close-fitting [cuculla](/source/cuculla) talare with a capuche worn over the tunic. The [Caeremoniae](/source/Caeremoniae) of [Bursfelde](/source/Bursfelde_Abbey) in the latter half of the fifteenth century issued two different tunics, a [scapular](/source/scapular) with  a capuche for work purposes and a [floccus](/source/floccus), a sleeveless cuculla worn at night.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-FCAQAAMAAJ&q=Capuche |title=The American Benedictine Review, Volume 53, Issue 3|publisher=[American Benedictine Review](/source/Benedictines), Incorporated|year=2002|pages=257–8}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

Category:Catholic clerical clothing
Category:Capuchins

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Capuche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capuche) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capuche?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.