# Cap torque tester

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{{More footnotes|date=October 2012}}

The '''cap torque tester''' is used in the packaging industry to measure the opening or closing [torque](/source/torque) of the [screw cap](/source/screw_cap). Proper torque is required for the cap to perform its functions of maintaining a tight seal.<ref>{{Citation
| last = Nairn
| first = J F
| chapter = Closures, Bottles and Jars
| pages =269–284
| editor-last = Yam
| editor-first = K L
| title = Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
| publisher = Wiley
| publication-date = 2010
| isbn = 978-0-470-08704-6
}}</ref> It is a piece of specific [quality control](/source/quality_control) equipment that can be placed on the [production line](/source/production_line) or in the [laboratory](/source/laboratory). Several designs have been developed.<ref>{{cite patent
| country       =US
| number        =4,989,459
| title         =TORQUE TESTING APPARATUS
| pubdate       =1991
|inventor1-last=Faber
| url = https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/d8/07/00/a6f595e6d99fa6/US4989459.pdf
}} </ref><ref> {{cite patent
| country       =US
| number        =4,539,852
| title         = VIAL CAP TORQUE TESTER
| pubdate       =1985
|inventor1-last=Feld
| url = https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/a4/5c/37/d9ac22978b7451/US4539852.pdf
}} </ref>

==Packaging development==
A [torque tester](/source/torque_tester)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.at2e.com/category/cap-torque-testers/ |title=Torque Tester &#124; Manual or Automatic |publisher=AT2E |access-date=2012-10-20}}</ref> is required during the packaging design process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goarticles.com/article/Why-to-Use-a-Torque-Meter-in-Packaging-Industry/6993548/ |title=Why to Use a Torque Meter in Packaging Industry? - Technology |publisher=Goarticles.com |date=2012-09-26 |access-date=2012-10-20 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It can be used as a destructive tester to identify if there is any material weakness of the packaging during the screwing process. It also allows one to define the torque tolerances of the capping machine. The lower torque limit is considered the minimum pressure of the cap to avoid any leak of the product. This torque test needs to be combined with a leak test with secure seal analyzer. The higher torque limit is the maximum torque the customer can apply to open or close the product's cap.

The best application torque and the removal torque can be determined experimentally with the specific capping equipment, bottle, contents, closure, and closure liner.<ref>{{cite thesis |type=MSc |last=Scalzone |first=L |date=2018 |title=Experimental characterization of the removal torque of PET bottles as a function of capping conditions |publisher=POLITECNICO DI TORINO| url = https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/secure/9567/1/tesi.pdf | access-date= 10 May 2024}}</ref>

==Production line control==
Once torque [tolerances](/source/Tolerance_(engineering)) have been defined, the cap torque tester is used as a torque control device on the final product. If measurements are out of the limits, the capping machine needs to be adjusted. Depending on the production process, it could be necessary to control the opening torque, 24 hours after the packaging process. [Temperature](/source/Temperature) variations can modify product characteristics with a result of different torque measurement.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Citation |last=Pellett |first=F. G. |title=Cap Torque Tester |journal=Modern Packaging |date=September 1949 |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=130 }}

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=NGkjAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Cap+Torque+Tester%22 Modern Plastics Encyclopedia issue] 
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=dQpIAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Cap+Torque+Tester%22 Food science abstracts, Volumes 18-20]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=hQDxAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Cap+Torque+Tester%22 ASTM standardization news, Volume 32]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=dQpIAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Cap+Torque+Tester%22 Great Britain. Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Great Britain. Food Investigation Board, H. M. Stationery Off., 1955 - Technology & Engineering]

{{Packaging}}
Category:Measuring instruments
Category:Packaging

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cap torque tester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_torque_tester) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_torque_tester?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.