# Canburg

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{{More references|date=June 2007}}
In 805 [Charlemagne](/source/Charlemagne) issued a fourth ban on the export of weapons to the [Slavs](/source/Slavs). According to [Moissac Chronicle](/source/Moissac_Chronicle) Charlemagne's son Charles laid siege to "'''Canburg'''" (somewhere on the [Elbe](/source/Elbe) in [Bohemia](/source/Bohemia)). Nobody knows where exactly Canburg was situated. The chronicle writes about the left bank of the Elbe river, but the author could easily muddle it up with other rivers in the area (e.g. [Vltava](/source/Vltava) – Moldau, [Ohře](/source/Oh%C5%99e) – Eger). Lingual similarity is the cause of a hypothesis that Canburg was situated somewhere nearby the present-day town of [Kadaň](/source/Kada%C5%88). Some historians mention as a possible site a fortified settlement in [Divoká Šárka](/source/Divok%C3%A1_%C5%A0%C3%A1rka).<ref>{{cite web |title=Hradiště Šárka, projekt patriotů |url=http://www.hradistesarka.cz/dokumenty/panorama21stoleti_20110506.pdf |website=Hradistesarka.cz |access-date=2018-08-09 |archive-date=2012-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106234643/http://www.hradistesarka.cz/dokumenty/panorama21stoleti_20110506.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Siege of Canburg ==
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Siege of Canburg
| place             = Unknown (possibly near [Kadaň](/source/Kada%C5%88) or [Divoká Šárka](/source/Divok%C3%A1_%C5%A0%C3%A1rka)
| partof            = Charles the Younger campaign into Bohemia
| date              = [805](/source/805)
| result            = Bohemian victory
| territory         = Frankish forces repulsed from hillfort
| combatant1        = [Bohemians](/source/Bohemians_(tribe))
| combatant2        = 20px [Carolingian Empire](/source/Carolingian_Empire)
| commander1        = [Lech](/source/Lech_(Bohemian_prince)){{KIA}}
| commander2        = [Charles the Younger](/source/Charles_the_Younger)
| strength1         = Unknown, but less than Franks
| strength2         = '''Per Petr Juřina:'''<br>30,000–40,000
}}
In [788](/source/788), the [Frankish king](/source/List_of_Frankish_kings) [Charlemagne](/source/Charlemagne) established a Czech mark, i.e. a military border area, in northern [Bavaria](/source/Bavaria). After the overthrow of the [Avar empire](/source/Pannonian_Avars) between [791](/source/791) and [803](/source/803), the expansion of the recently crowned emperor Charlemagne was supported in the territory of present-day [Bohemia](/source/Bohemia). In [805](/source/805), three Frankish corps (according to Petr Juřina numbering 30 to 40,000 men<ref>JUŘINA, Petr. ''Nové hledání Canburgu. Po kolikáté již? Příspěvek k diskusi''. Praha: Archeologie ve středních Čechách 5/2, Ústav archeologie památkové péče středních Čech, 2001. S. 561-564.</ref>) undertook an expedition from Bohemia. The aim was to force the tributary dependence of the Czech tribes. Anno Domini 805 (Years of the Lord 805...) Carolus Imperator misit filium suum (Emperor Charles sent his son...) Charles called the Younger († [811](/source/811)), who invaded Bohemia with a great force. Et venerunt ad fluvium qui vocantur Agara (according to Chronicon Moissacense) ...in planicie Behaim (according to Annales Mettenses priores) (and they came to the river called Ohra ...on the Bohemian plain), there the three armies joined together. The first, composed of [Saxons](/source/Saxons), advanced from the north through the [Ore Mountains](/source/Ore_Mountains) (Chronicon Moissacense uses hapax legomenon Fergunna for this range); it probably crossed them through the Nakléřovský pass and continued further along the valley of the [Bílina river](/source/B%C3%ADlina_(river)) into the Ohar Basin. The second army, which consisted of the [Bavarians](/source/Bavarians) together with the [Alamans](/source/Alemanni) and [Burgundians](/source/Burgundians) (according to the Annales regni Francorum) under the leadership of Adolf, the Bavarian prefect, and Werinhar, the prefect of the newly established Avar marque, entered Bohemia from the south along the traditional Golden Trail, probably through the present-day [Strakonice](/source/Strakonice) or the Všerubský pass to the present-day [Plzeň](/source/Plze%C5%88) and then to [Ohře](/source/Oh%C5%99e) either along the [Berounka](/source/Berounka) or through the territory of the present-day Rakovnick. The third and main army, led by the son of Charlemagne, Charles the Younger, marched along the so-called royal road from the upper Main crossing the [Smrčina](/source/Fichtel_Mountains) and further along the Ohře to the meeting point, from where the troops together arrived at Canburg Castle, which also besieged and plundered the country all around, on both sides of the [Elbe](/source/Elbe) river. In connection with the expedition, the role of the fourth, apparently only supporting army, which sailed along the Elbe to [Magdeburg](/source/Magdeburg), where it ravaged a certain area of Genewara (probably [Warnefeld](/source/Wannefeld) or [Gommern](/source/Gommern)),<ref>''Preisschriften, Svazky 21–23''. Lipsko: [s.n.], 1878. [https://www.google.cz/books/edition/Preisschriften/KVwFAAAAQAAJ?hl=cs&gbpv=1&dq=gevewara&pg=RA1-PA88 Dostupné online]. S. 88.</ref> and then returned to its homeland according to the Chronicon Moissacense, is somewhat unclear. It is most often assumed that it was intended to bind the military forces of the [Velets](/source/Veleti), but this interpretation is uncertain. The troops of the Bohemian tribes against the attacking Frankish troops chose the tactic of avoiding combat and relied on the fact that a large army would not be able to sustain itself in the plundered country for a long time. Charles therefore wanted to conquer the Canburg fortress with joint forces. However, they did not manage to capture it even after a 40-day siege. During one of the skirmishes, the [Bohemian prince](/source/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs) Lech/Běch was supposed to die (in various editions of the [Annales Mettenses priores](/source/Annals_of_Metz) and derived sources, the forms Lecho/Lech or Becho/Běch are also found). But it is not clear whether it was a proper name or a title. So Charles's army plundered the surroundings, and since there was neither fodder for the horses nor food for the troops, they returned home.

==References==
{{reflist}}

* [http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000868/images/index.html?id=00000868&no=7&seite=342 Chronicon Moissacense a.a. 805, MGH SS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183442/http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000868/images/index.html?id=00000868&no=7&seite=342 |date=2020-06-02 }}
* [http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000763/images/index.html?id=00000763&no=16&seite=111 Annales Mettenses priores, a.a. 805, MGH SS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183442/http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000763/images/index.html?id=00000763&no=16&seite=111 |date=2020-06-02 }}

Category:Charlemagne
Category:Geography of the Czech Republic
Category:Military history of the Carolingian Empire
Canburg

{{Mil-hist-stub}}
Category:Battles involving Bohemia

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Canburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canburg) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canburg?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.