# Canadian Senate divisions > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Canadian_Senate_divisions > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Canadian_Senate_divisions.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Senate_divisions > Source revision: 1336357805 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) **Canadian Senate divisions** refers to two aspects of the [Senate of Canada](/source/Senate_of_Canada). First, it refers to the division of Canada into four regional Senate divisions of 24 senators each, as set out in section 22 of the [Constitution Act, 1867](/source/Constitution_Act,_1867).[1] The four regions are the Western Provinces, Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes. These regions are intended to serve the Senate's purpose of providing regional representation in the [Parliament of Canada](/source/Parliament_of_Canada), in contrast to the popular representation that the [House of Commons](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Canada) is intended to provide.[2] While not within any of the original four Senate divisions, Senate seats are also allocated to [Newfoundland and Labrador](/source/Newfoundland_and_Labrador) and the three [territories](/source/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada#Territories).[3][2] The four divisions can be expanded when the need arises to have an extra two senators appointed to each regional division. Second, it refers to divisions within a province represented by senators from the Senate, also known as "senatorial designation". Under the Constitution, only Quebec has official Senate divisions for each of the senatorial designations within the province.[3] In all other provinces, senators are appointed to represent the province as a whole and the Constitution makes no reference to official senatorial designations for those provinces. Senators from provinces outside Quebec may simply "designate" a district they wish to symbolically represent within their province, which can be named at the time of their appointment or at a later time.[4] These senate divisions have no specific geographic boundaries though their names often give a reference to a general geographic area. However a senator will sometimes create boundaries for their senate division even though it has no legal status. While relatively rare, a senator outside of Quebec can change his or her division in the same manner as party affiliation, simply by notifying the [Clerk of the Senate](/source/Clerk_of_the_Senate_of_Canada). ## Senate seats Unlike the House of Commons, seats in the Senate are not based upon any population measure or adjusted by population (an exception to this was set out under the *Manitoba Act*, in which Manitoba's allotment increased until the province reached a target population). Rather, they are fixed under the [Constitution Act 1867](/source/Constitution_Act_1867) (in the case of [Quebec](/source/Quebec)), or are established upon the appointment of a senator and cease to exist when the senator leaves office (outside of Quebec).[3][2] The Constitution also provides that a province cannot have fewer seats in the House of Commons than it has in the Senate. There are currently 105 seats in the Senate. Seats are divided among provinces and territories and can only change with a constitutional amendment, or a constitutional provision that allows seats to change based on certain conditions.[3] Beyond the constitutional allotment of Senate seats per province, the seats are grouped into four regions of 24 seats. Provisions under section 26 of the *Constitution Act* exist to add up to two extra seats per region, with no more than 113 members allowed to sit in the Senate. Senators have the same constitutional provisions to offer services as members of the [House of Commons](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Canada). This includes a rarely used provision to maintain a constituency office. Three senators currently have such offices. Two of the three have not designated themselves to a specific division, but to represent their province as a whole. While constituency offices are rare, all senators maintain an office on [Parliament Hill](/source/Parliament_Hill). See also: [Party standings and composition by seat in the Senate](/source/Party_standings_in_the_Canadian_Senate) ### Evolution of Senate seats Evolution of Senate seats Province (joined Canada) 1867 1870 1871 1873 1874 1879 1882 1889 1903 1905 1915 1949 1975 1999 Ontario regional division (1867) Ontario (1867) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Quebec regional division (1867) Quebec (1867) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 The Maritimes regional division (1867) New Brunswick (1867) 12 12 12 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Nova Scotia (1867) 12 12 12 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Prince Edward Island (1873) – – – 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 The Western Provinces regional division (1915) Alberta (1905) – – – – – – – – – 4 6 6 6 6 British Columbia (1871) – – 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 Manitoba (1870) – 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 Saskatchewan (1905) – – – – – – – – – 4 6 6 6 6 The territories (1879) Northwest Territories (1870) – 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 0 0 0 1 1 Nunavut (1999) – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 Yukon (1898) – – – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 1 1 Newfoundland and Labrador (1949) Newfoundland and Labrador (1949) – – – – – – – – – – – 6 6 6 Total 72 74 77 79 77 79 80 81 83 90 96 102 104 105 **Note:** - **1870** The *Manitoba Act, 1870* allows for two Senate seats with an expansion up to four adding seats at 50,000 and 75,000 population. - **1871** The *British Columbia terms of Union, 1871* provides three seats for British Columbia - **1873** Under the *Prince Edward Terms of Union 1873* Prince Edward Island was given four seats. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia lost two seats to decrease when the first two senators leave office. - **1873** New Brunswick Senator [William Steeves](/source/William_Steeves) dies, dropping New Brunswick to 11 seats - **1873** Nova Scotia Senator [John Locke](/source/John_Locke_(Canadian_politician)) dies, dropping Nova Scotia to 11 seats. - **1874** New Brunswick Senator Robert Hazen dies, dropping New Brunswick to 10 seats - **1874** Nova Scotia Senator [Ezra Churchill](/source/Ezra_Churchill) dies, dropping Nova Scotia to 10 seats - **1879** Northwest Territories granted 2 seats. - **1882** Manitoba reaches the population requirements for its third seat, it gained its fourth in 1889. - **1903** Northwest Territories granted 2 additional seats. - **1905** Saskatchewan and Alberta are created from the Northwest Territories with 4 seats each, under the *Saskatchewan* and *Alberta Act's* Northwest Territories loses 4 seats. - **1915** the Western provinces division was created and the seats of the four western provinces were set to six each. - **1949** Newfoundland and Labrador joined Confederation, and was allotted six seats. - **1975** The Yukon is granted its first seat, and the Northwest Territories re-gains one seat after 70 years. - **1999** Nunavut was created from the Northwest Territories and allotted one seat. ## Quebec regional division The Quebec regional division was created in 1867, at the time of Confederation. Quebec has had 24 seats since 1867. The region covers the entire province. Quebec is unique in that its 24 senatorial designations are set out in the *[Constitution Act, 1867](/source/Constitution_Act,_1867)* and defined in the *Consolidated Statutes of Canada 1859*. These divisions are the same as those that [Canada East](/source/Canada_East) held in the [Legislative Council of Canada](/source/Legislative_Council_of_Canada) prior to [Canadian Confederation](/source/Canadian_Confederation). The stated purpose of retaining the Senate divisions within Quebec is to protect the interests of religious and linguistic minorities inside the province.[2] Quebec senators must own property in their represented divisions. An exception to the requirement for Quebec senators to represent a specific division occurs when the Prime Minister directly advises the Sovereign to temporarily expand the Senate under the Regional Expansion Clause in Section 26 of the *British North America Act*. This clause can be used to increase the Senate seats by 1 or 2 senators for each region, including Quebec. Prime Minister [Brian Mulroney](/source/Brian_Mulroney) is to date the only one to exercise this clause, on September 27, 1990. Under the clause, Senators [Normand Grimard](/source/Normand_Grimard) and [Thérèse Lavoie-Roux](/source/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Lavoie-Roux) represented self-designated divisions within Quebec following their appointments to the Senate. Senators appointed under Section 26 may name a senatorial designation of their own choosing in the same manner as a senator from the other nine provinces and any such self-designation carries similar status. Quebec's Senate divisions have not changed since Confederation and remain based on the province's 1867 boundaries. Although the territory of the province has expanded northward twice (in 1898 and 1912) the division boundaries were never changed to accommodate the boundary changes, thus leaving [Northern Quebec](/source/Northern_Quebec) unrepresented in the Senate. At the time, this was a relatively uncontroversial anomaly because the additional territory was primarily populated by [First Nations](/source/First_Nations_in_Canada) peoples, who did not gain the right to vote until the 1960s. Quebec permanent divisions Division senators Vacant Alma 8 Bedford 8 De la Durantaye 12 De la Vallière 8 De Lanaudière 8 De Lorimier 9 De Salaberry 10 Grandville 8 Gulf 11 Inkerman 6 Kennebec 10 La Salle 13 Lauzon 10 Mille Isles 17 Montarville 10 Repentigny 8 Rigaud 12 Rougemont 11 Saurel 9 Shawinegan 8 Stadacona 10/11* The Laurentides 11 Victoria 10 Wellington 10 Quebec self-designated divisions Division senators Acadie 1 Quebec 1 **Note:** - *[Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau](/source/Narcisse-Fortunat_Belleau) declined appointment to the Senate and Stadacona Senate division. Ten senators have served out terms in Stadacona. *See [List of Quebec senators](/source/List_of_Quebec_senators)* ## Ontario regional division The Ontario regional division was created at the time of Confederation in 1867. The region covers the entire province and has not had any changes in seat numbers since 1867. Ontario has been the most populous province and region in Canada since the birth of the country in 1867. The province has expanded its boundaries twice, to cover land once part of the [Northwest Territories](/source/Northwest_Territories). Ontario also holds more seats in the [House of Commons of Canada](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Canada) than any other province. The capital of Canada, [Ottawa](/source/Ottawa) is located within Ontario. Ontario self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total Ontario 5 271 32 Toronto 3 15 18 Ottawa 1 6 7 Rideau 1 2 3 Cobourg 1 1 2 Ottawa-Vanier 1 11 2 St. Mary's 1 1 2 Bloor & Yonge/Toronto 1 - 1 Kingston-Frontenac-Leeds 1 - 1 Markham 1 - 1 Metro Toronto 1 - 1 Northern Ontario 1 - 1 Ottawa/Rideau Canal 1 - 1 Pakenham 1 - 1 Peel County 12 - 1 Toronto Centre-York 13 - 1 Toronto Centre 13 1 2 Brampton 12 - 1 Hamilton - 6 6 London - 5 5 Kingston - 4 4 Peel - 4 4 Brockville - 3 3 Carleton - 3 3 Lambton - 3 3 North York - 3 3 Bowmanville - 2 2 Erie - 2 2 Grey - 2 2 Kenora-Rainy River - 2 2 Leeds - 2 2 Lincoln - 2 2 Middlesex - 2 2 Milton - 2 2 Niagara - 2 2 Nipissing - 2 2 Ottawa East - 2 2 Oxford - 2 2 Russell - 2 2 Saugeen - 2 2 Sudbury - 2 2 Toronto South - 2 2 Welland - 2 2 Windsor - 2 2 York - 2 2 Alexandria - 1 1 Algoma - 1 1 Barrie - 1 1 Belleville - 1 1 Bothwell - 1 1 Brantford - 1 1 Burlington - 1 1 Cataraqui - 1 1 Cochrane - 1 1 Dovercourt - 1 1 East Toronto - 1 1 East York - 1 1 Eganville - 1 1 Essex - 1 1 Glen Tay - 1 1 Gormley - 1 1 Grafton - 1 1 Grenville - 1 1 Halton - 1 1 Hamburg - 1 1 Hanover - 1 1 Hastings - 1 1 Hastings-Frontenac - 1 1 Huron - 1 1 Huron-Perth - 1 1 Kent - 1 1 King's - 1 1 Leeds and Grenville - 1 1 Lindsay - 1 1 Midland - 1 1 Monck - 1 1 Nepean - 1 1 Newcastle - 1 1 Newmarket - 1 1 Norfolk - 1 1 North Bruce - 1 1 North Wellington - 1 1 Northumberland - 1 1 Ottawa West - 1 1 Ottawa Valley - 1 1 Parkdale - 1 1 Parkhill - 1 1 Pembroke - 1 1 Perth - 1 1 Perth North - 1 1 Peterborough - 1 1 Peterborough West - 1 1 Pickering - 1 1 Port Hope - 1 1 Port Severn - 1 1 Prescott - 1 1 Prince Edward - 1 1 Quinté - 1 1 Renfrew - 1 1 Rockcliffe - 1 1 Rosedale - 1 1 St. Catharines - 1 1 St. Thomas - 1 1 Sarnia - 1 1 Scarborough Junction - 1 1 Simcoe - 1 1 Simcoe East - 1 1 South Bruce - 1 1 South Western Ontario - 1 1 South York - 1 1 Surprise Lake - 1 1 Toronto-Parkdale - 1 1 Toronto-Spadina - 1 1 Toronto-Rosedale - 1 1 Toronto-Taddle Creek - 1 1 Toronto-Trinity - 1 1 Toronto West - 1 1 Trent - 1 1 Trenton - 1 1 Victoria - 1 1 Waterloo - 1 1 Wellington South - 1 1 Wentworth - 1 1 Windsor-Walkerville - 1 1 Woodstock - 1 1 York-Caboto - 1 1 York Centre - 1 1 Total senators 227/230 Vacant Seats 2 **Note:** 1. Senator [Jean-Robert Gauthier](/source/Jean-Robert_Gauthier) changed from Ontario to Ottawa-Vanier 1. Senator [Lorna Milne](/source/Lorna_Milne) changed from Brampton to Peel County 1. Senator [Anne Cools](/source/Anne_Cools) changed from Toronto Centre to Toronto Centre-York *See [List of Ontario senators](/source/List_of_Ontario_senators)* ## Western Provinces regional division The Western provinces regional division was created under the *Constitution Act, 1915* to bring the total to four regional divisions. Six senators would represent each of the four western provinces [Alberta](/source/Alberta), [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), [Manitoba](/source/Manitoba) and [Saskatchewan](/source/Saskatchewan) for a total of 24 senators. Prior to 1915 the provinces were not organized into a region, and had their own path of evolution. Manitoba gained seats on a set population expansion clause. Alberta and Saskatchewan gained seats from the Northwest Territories. British Columbia was given seats outlined in the *Terms of Union*. [Alberta has held popular elections for senators](/source/Alberta_Senate_nominee_elections), although the Prime Minister is not obliged to nominate the winner of any such election to the Senate. Nonetheless, three winners of such elections have been nominated to the Senate: Senator [Stan Waters](/source/Stan_Waters) was elected in the [1989 Alberta Senate nominee election](/source/1989_Alberta_Senate_nominee_election), and Senators [Bert Brown](/source/Bert_Brown) and [Betty Unger](/source/Betty_Unger) were elected senators-in-waiting in 2004. Alberta self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total Alberta 6 14 20 Banff - 2 2 Alberta South - 1 1 Bruce - 1 1 Bon Accord - 1* 1* Calgary - 5 5 Edmonton - 9 12 Edmonton West - 1 1 Lakeland - 1 1 Lethbridge - 4 4 Medicine Hat - 1 1 Palliser-Foothills - 1 1 St. Albert - 1 1 St. Paul - 1 1 Sturgeon - 1* 1* Total senators 49* - 1 Senator [Nicholas Taylor](/source/Nicholas_Taylor_(politician)) changed from Bon Accord to Sturgeon. British Columbia self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total British Columbia 2 2 4 Vancouver 1 4 5 Vancouver South 1 2 3 Langley-Pemberton-Whistler 1 - 1 Okanagan-Similkameen 1 - 1 Victoria - 4 4 New Westminster - 3 3 Ashcroft - 2 2 Cariboo - 2 2 Kamloops - 2 2 Barkerville - 1 1 Burrard - 1 1 Kamloops-Cariboo - 1 1 Kootenay - 1 1 Kootenay East - 1 1 Lion's Gate - 1 1 Nanaimo - 1 1 Nanaimo-Malaspina - 1 1 North Shore-Burnaby - 1 1 Richmond - 1 1 University-Point Grey - 1 1 Vancouver-Burrard - 1 1 Vancouver-Centre - 1 1 Vancouver-Point Grey - 1 1 Total senators 41 Saskatchewan self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total Saskatchewan 4 5 9 Regina 1 5 6 North Battleford 1 - 1 Prince Albert - 3 3 Moose Jaw - 2 2 Saskatoon - 2 2 Assiniboia - 1 1 Central Saskatchewan - 1 1 Lumsden - 1 1 Moosimin - 1 1 Ponteix - 1 1 Prince Albert-Duck Lake - 1 1 Regina-Qu'Appelle - 1 1 Rosetown - 1 1 Saskatchewan North - 1 1 Tantallon - 1 1 Wolseley - 1 1 Total senators 34 Manitoba self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total Manitoba 3 4 7 Winnipeg 1 6 7 Red River 1 1 2 Winnipeg-Interlake 1 - 1 St. Boniface - 5 5 Provencher - 3 3 Marquette - 2 2 Selkirk - 2 2 Brandon - 1 1 Churchill - 1 1 Fort Garry - 1 1 Fort Rouge - 1 1 Killarney - 1 1 Kildonan - 1 1 Lisgar - 1 1 Manitou - 1 1 Portage la Prairie - 1 1 River Heights - 1 1 Souris - 1 1 St. Rose - 1 1 Winnipeg North - 1 1 Winnipeg South - 1 1 Total senators 43 ## The Maritimes regional division The Maritimes regional division was created in 1867. At the time of Confederation the division contained only [Nova Scotia](/source/Nova_Scotia) and [New Brunswick](/source/New_Brunswick). It was expected that [Prince Edward Island](/source/Prince_Edward_Island) would also join; however, it held out until 1873 as it sought equal representation by province rather than by region. At the Quebec Conference of 1864 the Prince Edward Island representatives believed the only safeguard for a small province would be an equal representation in the Senate. Prince Edward Island held out joining Canada until 1873 and ended up accepting the four senate seats. On June 5, 2006, New Brunswick Premier [Bernard Lord](/source/Bernard_Lord) announced his province's support for possible Senate elections to be held during the New Brunswick municipal election cycle, joining Alberta as the only province actively pursuing elected senators. Among his proposal was a plan to divide New Brunswick into five regions or divisions and have each represented by two senators. Another possibility of the proposal was to have senators remain at large for the province. New Brunswick self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total New Brunswick 6 12 18 Fredericton-York-Sunbury 1 - 1 Saint John-Kennebecasis 1 - 1 St. Louis de Kent 1 - 1 Tracadie 1 - 1 St. John - 9 9 L'Acadie - 4 4 Westmorland - 4 4 Fredericton - 3 3 Gloucester - 3 3 Chatham - 2 2 Kent - 2 2 Moncton - 2 2 Northumberland - 2 2 Northumberland-Miramichi - 2 2 Royal - 2 2 Sunbury - 2 2 Victoria - 2 2 Victoria-Carleton - 2 2 Baie-du-Vin - 1 1 Bathurst - 1 1 Beauséjour - 1 1 Charlotte - 1 1 Charlotte County - 1 1 Dorchester - 1 1 Edmundston - 1 1 Grand-Sault - 1 1 Kings and Albert - 1 1 L'Acadie-Acadia - 1 1 Madawaska-Restigouche - 1 1 Milltown - 1 1 Nashwaak Valley - 1 1 Queen's - 1 1 Restigouche-Gloucester - 1 1 Richibucto - 1 1 Riverview - 1 1 Rockwood - 1 1 Rothesay - 1 1 St. John-Albert - 1 1 St. George - 1 1 St. John City - 1 1 St. John (Lancaster) - 1 1 Shediac - 1 1 Southern New Brunswick - 1 1 Village of Cap-Pelé - 1 1 York - 1 1 Total senators 90 Vacant Seats 0 Nova Scotia self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total Nova Scotia 4 14 18 Halifax 1 10 11 Northend Halifax 1 - 1 Stanhope St./Bluenose 1 - 1 South Shore 1 - 1 Amherst - 4 4 Cape Breton - 4 4 Pictou - 4 4 Colchester - 3 3 Lunenburg - 3 3 Antigonish-Guysborough - 2 2 Halifax-Dartmouth - 2 2 King's - 2 2 New Glasgow - 2 2 North Sydney - 2 2 Yarmouth - 2 2 Antigonish - 1 1 Bedford-Halifax - 1 1 Cape Breton-The Sydneys - 1 1 Clare - 1 1 Colchester-Cumberland - 1 1 Colchester-Hants - 1 1 Cumberland - 1 1 Dartmouth/Eastern Shore - 1 1 Digby-Clare - 1 1 Digby County - 1 1 Halifax North - 1 1 Highlands-Canso - 1 1 Inverness-Richmond - 1 1 Liverpool - 1 1 Londonderry - 1 1 Margaree Forks - 1 1 Middleton - 1 1 Milford-Hants - 1 1 Queens-Lunenburg - 1 1 Queens-Shelburne - 1 1 Richmond - 1 1 Richmond West-Cape Breton - 1 1 Shelburne - 1 1 South Western Nova - 1 1 Sydney - 1 1 Sydney Mines - 1 1 The Annapolis Valley - 1 1 The Highlands - 1 1 Victoria - 1 1 Wallace - 1 1 Total senators 94 Vacant Seats 2 Prince Edward Island self-designated divisions Division Current Historical Total Prince Edward Island 2 6 8 Charlottetown 1 3 4 Cavendish 1 - 1 Queen's - 4 4 Prince - 3 3 Cardigan - 2 2 King's - 2 2 Alberton - 1 1 East Prince - 1 1 Hillsborough - 1 1 Montague - 1 1 Mount Stewart - 1 1 Murray Harbour - 1 1 Murray River - 1 1 Park Corner - 1 1 St. Peter's, Kings County - 1 1 Souris - 1 1 Summerside - 1 1 Tignish - 1 1 Total senators 34 Vacant Seats 0 ## Newfoundland and Labrador During the Quebec Conference of 1864 it was determined that Newfoundland and Labrador was a distinct region and that the territory should exist as an exception outside of the equal regional divisions, if it should enter Canada. When Newfoundland and Labrador entered Confederation in 1949 the *[Newfoundland Act](/source/Newfoundland_Act)* confirmed the original terms of union and was given six seats in the Senate. Newfoundland & Labrador Division Current Historical Total Newfoundland and Labrador 4 1 5 North West River, Labrador 1 - 1 Bonavista - 2 2 St. John's - 2 2 St. John's East - 2 2 Avalon - 1 1 Burgeo-Lapoile - 1 1 Burin - 1 1 Bonavista-Twillingate - 1 1 Harbour Main-Bell Island - 1 1 Humber-St. George's-St. Barbe - 1 1 Lewisporte - 1 1 Newfoundland - 1 1 St. Jacques - 1 1 St. John's West - 1 1 The Grand Banks - 1 1 Waterford-Trinity - 1 1 West Coast - 1 1 Total senators 25 Vacant 1 *See [List of Newfoundland and Labrador senators](/source/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_senators)* ## The territories The [Northwest Territories](/source/Northwest_Territories), [Yukon](/source/Yukon) and [Nunavut](/source/Nunavut) are currently represented by one senator each. The Northwest Territories was admitted to Canada in 1870, but did not gain representation in the Senate until 1888. The territory was granted two more seats in 1903. After Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905 the Northwest Territories lost representation in the Senate until 1975 when it regained one seat under the *Constitution Act 1975 (No 2)*. The Yukon was created out of the Northwest Territories in 1898 but did not get representation in the Senate until it was granted one seat under the *Constitution Act 1975 (No 2)*. Nunavut was granted one seat under the *Constitution Act, 1999 (Nunavut)* when the territory was created out of the Northwest Territories in 1999. Canadian territories after 1975 Division senators Northwest Territories 2* Nunavut 1* Yukon 2 Total senators 4/5 Northwest Territories prior to 1905 Division senators Calgary 1 Edmonton 1 Prince Albert 1 Regina 1 Wolseley 1 Total senators 5 **Note:** - * Senator [Willie Adams](/source/Willie_Adams_(politician))' designation changed from "Northwest Territories" to "Nunavut" when Nunavut Territory was created in 1999. - All Northwest Territories senators became part of Alberta and Saskatchewan after 1905. *See [List of Canadian territorial senators](/source/List_of_Canadian_territorial_senators)* [Constitution Act, 1886](/source/Constitution_Act,_1886) ## References 1. *[The Constitution Act, 1867](https://canlii.ca/t/ldsw)*, 30 & 31 Vict., c. 3, s. 22 (U.K.). 1. Parliamentary and Information Research Service (2009-08-10). ["Publication No. 2009-02-E - Reforming the Senate of Canada: Frequently Asked Questions"](http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0902-e.pdf). Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2011-07-05.[dead link] 1. See [list of Canadian constitutional documents](/source/List_of_Canadian_constitutional_documents) for details. 1. Hynes, Aaron (2010). ["Toward a Rational Redistribution of Seats in Canada's Senate"](http://www.revparl.ca/33/4/33n4_10e_A.Hynes.pdf). *Canadian Parliamentary Review*. '***(Winter 2010): 27–31. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2011-09-07.*** ## External links - [THE SENATE OF CANADA: A Legislative and Historical Overview of the Canadian Senate](https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/Sen/committee/381/pub/legislative-e) - [Party Standings in the Canadian Senate](http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/senmemb/senate/ps-E.htm) - [Senators 1867 to date](https://web.archive.org/web/20061217214813/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/Senate/SenIdx.asp?Language=E&Hist=Y) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Canadian Senate divisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Senate_divisions) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Senate_divisions?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.