# Calymene

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Calymene
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Calymene.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calymene
> Source revision: 1351515829
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Extinct genus of trilobites}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [Tremadocian](/source/Tremadocian)-[Pragian](/source/Pragian)<br>~{{fossil range|489|409}}
| image = Calymene clavicula dorsal.jpg
| image_caption = ''Calymene clavicula'' 32mm, Henryhouse Formation, Oklahoma, Cayugan
| taxon = Calymene
| authority = Brongniart, 1822
| type_species = ''[Calymene blumenbachii](/source/Calymene_blumenbachii)''
| type_species_authority = Brongniart, 1822&nbsp;<ref name="Siveter"/>
}}

'''''Calymene''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [trilobite](/source/trilobite)s in the order [Phacopida](/source/Phacopida), suborder [Calymenina](/source/Calymenina), that are found throughout [North America](/source/North_America), [North Africa](/source/North_Africa), and [Europe](/source/Europe) in primarily [Silurian](/source/Silurian) outcrops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21478 |work=The Paleontology Database |title=†''Calymene'' Muenster 1840 (trilobite) |access-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720082301/http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21478 |archive-date=2012-07-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Calymene'' is closely related to ''[Flexicalymene](/source/Flexicalymene)'', and both genera are frequently found enrolled.<ref>{{cite book |editor=John P. Rafferty |year=2010 |title=The Paleozoic Era: Diversification of Plant and Animal Life |series=Geologic History of Earth |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |isbn=978-1-61530-196-6}}</ref>
Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2&nbsp;cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Milson, C. |author2=Rigby, S. |author2-link=Sue Rigby |title=Fossils at a Glance|year=2004|publisher=Blackwell Science Ltd|location=Oxford}}</ref>

The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822).<ref>Brongniart, A.  1822.  Les Trilobites.  pp. 1-65, pls. 1-4 in: Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles.  Paris.  F.-G. Levrault, Libraire.  154 pp.  11 pls.</ref>  A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816)<ref>Desmarest, A-G.  1816.  Calymène.  pp. 49-50 in: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition, Tome 5.</ref> (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.

== Etymology ==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2026}}
'''''Calymene''''' - meaning ''beautiful crescent'' as a reference to the [glabella](/source/Glabella_(trilobite_anatomy)).{{cn|date=February 2026}}

== Known species and locations ==
*†''[Calymene blumenbachii](/source/Calymene_blumenbachii)'', [Dudley](/source/Dudley), [England](/source/England) - Type<ref name="Siveter">{{cite journal |author=Derek J. Siveter |year=1985 |title=The type species of ''Calymene'' (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England |journal=[Palaeontology](/source/Palaeontology_(journal)) |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=783–792 |url=http://cdn.palass.org/publications/palaeontology/volume_28/pdf/vol28_part4_pp783-792.pdf |access-date=2017-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175219/http://cdn.palass.org/publications/palaeontology/volume_28/pdf/vol28_part4_pp783-792.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brongniart |first=Alexandre |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JDuB33bXxMIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Histoire+naturelle+des+Crustac%C3%A9s+fossiles,+sous+les+rapports+zoologique+et+g%C3%A9ologique&ots=HX5NVzqxqs&sig=SJ1qnDihkvJa4BUf4zf8KBm3BPw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Histoire naturelle des crustacés fossiles: sous les rapports zoologiques et géologiques |date=1822 |publisher=Chez. F.-G. Levrault |language=fr}}</ref>
*†''Calymene brevicapitata'', N. and S. [Wales](/source/Wales)
*†''Calymene breviceps'', [Indiana](/source/Indiana) and [Illinois](/source/Illinois)
*†''[Calymene celebra](/source/Calymene_celebra)'', [Illinois](/source/Illinois), [Indiana](/source/Indiana), and [Wisconsin](/source/Wisconsin).<ref>{{cite web|title=''Calymene celebra'' Raymond 1916 (trilobite)|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=189543|publisher=Paleobiology Database|access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alex J. Chestnut |title=Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita |url=http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=wright1239724101 |publisher=OhioLINK ETD Center |access-date=August 21, 2011}}</ref>
*†''Calymene clavicula'', [Oklahoma](/source/Oklahoma)
*†''Calymene daviesii'', [Radnorshire](/source/Radnorshire), [Wales](/source/Wales)
*†''Calymene duplicata'', Wales and [Ireland](/source/Ireland)
*†''Calymene hopkinsoni'', Wales
*†''[Calymene niagarensis](/source/Calymene_niagarensis)'', [New York](/source/New_York_(state))
*†''Calymene parvifrons'', Wales
*†''Calymene senaria'', N. Wales and Ireland
*†''Calymene tristani'', [Cornwall](/source/Cornwall), England
*†''Calymene tuberculata'', [Gotland](/source/Gotland), [Sweden](/source/Sweden)
*†''Calymene vogdesi'', [Ohio](/source/Ohio)
*†''Calymene'' sp. in the [Silurian](/source/Silurian)–[Ordovician](/source/Ordovician) of [Morocco](/source/Morocco)

=== Reassigned species ===
Since the genus  ''Calymene'' was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera:<ref name='Treatise'>{{cite book|last= Moore|first= R. C.|year= 1959|title= Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha|publisher= Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press|series= Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology|volume= Part O.|pages=1–560|location= Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas|isbn= 0-8137-3015-5}}</ref>{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
* ''C. aculeata'' = ''[Parasolenopleura aculeata](/source/Parasolenopleura)''
* ''C. aequalis'' = ''[Archegonus aequalis](/source/Archegonus)''
* ''C. anchiops'' = ''[Anchiopella anchiops](/source/Anchiopella)''
* ''C. arachnoides'' = ''[Asteropyge arachnoides](/source/Asteropyge)''
* ''C. arago'' = ''[Colpocoryphe arago](/source/Colpocoryphe)''
* ''C. articulata'' = ''[Crotalocephalus articulatus](/source/Crotalocephalus)''
* ''C. baylei'' = ''[Metacalymene baylei](/source/Metacalymene)''
* ''C. bellatula'' = ''[Cybele bellatula](/source/Cybele_(trilobite))''
* ''C. bufo rana'' = ''[Phacops rana](/source/Phacops_rana)''
* ''C. calicephala'' = ''[Orimops calicephala](/source/Orimops)''
* ''C. canaliculata'' = ''[Solenopleura canaliculata](/source/Solenopleura)''<ref name=Esteve>{{cite journal|last= Esteve|first= Jorge|year= 2015|title= Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3|journal= Annales de Paléontologie|doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001|volume=101|issue= 3|pages=185–192|bibcode= 2015AnPal.101..185E}}</ref>
* ''C. cambrensis'' = ''[Flexicalymene cambrensis](/source/Flexicalymene)''
* ''C. caractaci'' = ''[Flexicalymene caractaci](/source/Flexicalymene)''
* ''C. clavifrons'' = ''[Cyrtometopus clavifrons](/source/Cyrtometopus)''
* ''C. concinna'' = ''[Proetus concinnus](/source/Proetus_(trilobite))''
* ''C. diademata'' = ''[Diacalymene diademata](/source/Diacalymene)''
* ''C. downingiae'' = ''[Acaste downingiae](/source/Acaste_(trilobite))''
* ''C. frontiloba'' = ''[Pliomera fischeri](/source/Pliomera)''
* ''C. granulata'' = ''[Phacops granulatus](/source/Phacops)''
* ''C. holometopa'' = ''[Solenopleura holometopa](/source/Solenopleura)''<ref name=Esteve />
* ''C. marginata'' = ''[Perliproetus marginata](/source/Perliproetus)''
* ''C. odini'' = ''[Chasmops odini](/source/Chasmops)''
* ''C. ornata'' = ''[Ceraurinella ornata](/source/Ceraurinella)''<ref>{{cite journal|first= Helje|last= Pärnaste|year= 2004|title= Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus ''Reraspis'' with the description of the earliest representative|journal= Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol.|volume= 53|issue= 2|pages= 125–138|doi= 10.3176/geol.2004.2.03|s2cid= 55808470|url= http://www.gi.ee/pdfid/10912.pdf}}</ref>
* ''C. papillata'' = ''[Papillicalymene papillata](/source/Papillicalymene)''
* ''C. platycephala'' = ''[Platycoryphe platycephala](/source/Platycoryphe)''
* ''C. polytoma'' = ''[Pliomera fischeri](/source/Pliomera)''
* ''C. sclerops'' = ''[Pterygometopus sclerops](/source/Pterygometopus)''
* ''C. sinensis'' = ''[Blackwelderia sinensis](/source/Blackwelderia)''
* ''C. speciosa'' = ''[Parapilekia speciosa](/source/Parapilekia)''
* ''C. stenometopa'' = ''[Acrocephalites stenometopus](/source/Acrocephalites)''
* ''C. stokesii'' = [Phacopidae](/source/Phacopidae), generic assignment uncertain<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Ramskjöld|first1= L.|last2= Werdelin|first2= L.|year= 1991|title= The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites|journal= Cladistics|volume= 7|pages= 29–74|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x|doi-access= free}}</ref>
* ''C. tingi'' = ''[Calymenesun tingi](/source/Calymenesun)''
* ''C. tournemini'' = ''[Placoparia tournemini](/source/Placoparia)''
* ''C. tristani'' = ''[Synhomalonotus tristani](/source/Synhomalonotus)''
* ''C. unicornis'' = ''[Reedocalymene unicornis](/source/Reedocalymene)''
* ''C. variolaris'' = ''[Balizoma variolaris](/source/Balizoma)''
* ''C. verrucosa'' = ''[Atractopyge verrucosa](/source/Atractopyge)''
* ''C. volborthi'' = ''[Ptychometopus volborthi](/source/Ptychometopus)''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Calymene|''Calymene''}}
* {{cite book |author=Henry Woodward |year=1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/acataloguebriti00woodgoog |title=A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of Each Genus and Order |publisher=[Taylor and Francis](/source/Taylor_and_Francis) |pages=[https://archive.org/details/acataloguebriti00woodgoog/page/n44 28]–29|author-link=Henry Woodward (geologist) }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2581412}}

Category:Calymenidae
Category:Silurian trilobites of Europe
Category:Silurian trilobites of North America
Category:Early Ordovician first appearances
Category:Early Devonian genus extinctions
Category:Phacopida genera
Category:Tremadocian
Category:Floian
Category:Dapingian
Category:Darriwilian
Category:Sandbian
Category:Katian
Category:Hirnantian
Category:Rhuddanian
Category:Aeronian
Category:Telychian
Category:Sheinwoodian
Category:Homerian
Category:Gorstian
Category:Ludfordian
Category:Pridoli life
Category:Lochkovian life
Category:Pragian life
Category:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Paleozoic life of Ontario
Category:Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
Category:Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia
Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1822

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Calymene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calymene) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calymene?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.