# Calotes
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{{Short description|Genus of lizards}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Calotes versicolor (Oriental Garden Lizard).jpg
| image_caption = ''[C. versicolor](/source/Calotes_versicolor)'', male
| taxon = Calotes
| authority = [Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier), 1817[{{ITIS|id=209043|taxon=''Calotes''|access-date=27 September 2023}}]
| subdivision_ranks = [Species](/source/Species)
| subdivision = 29 species, see here
}}
'''''Calotes''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [lizard](/source/lizard)s in the [draconine](/source/Draconinae) [clade](/source/clade) of the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Agamidae](/source/Agamidae). The genus contains 29 [species](/source/species). Some species are known as '''forest lizards''', others as '''"bloodsuckers"''' due to their red heads, and yet others (namely ''[C. versicolor](/source/Calotes_versicolor)'') as '''garden lizards'''. The genus name ''Calotes'' has been derived from the Greek word ''Καλότης (Kalótës)'', meaning ‘beauty’, referring to the beautiful pattern of this genus.[{{cite web | url=http://www.summagallicana.it/Agassiz_nomenclator_zoologicus/Reptilia.htm | title=''Agassiz nomenclator zoologicus nomenclatore zoologico'' |language=it}}]
==Geographic range==
Species in the genus ''Calotes'' are native to [South Asia](/source/South_Asia), southern China, [mainland Southeast Asia](/source/mainland_Southeast_Asia) and [Ambon](/source/Ambon_Island). Additionally, ''C. versicolor'' has been [introduced](/source/Introduced_species) to [Florida](/source/Florida) (USA), [Borneo](/source/Borneo), [Sulawesi](/source/Sulawesi), the [Seychelles](/source/Seychelles), [Mauritius](/source/Mauritius) and [Oman](/source/Oman).[''[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Calotes&species=versicolor Calotes versicolor].'' The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. Retrieved 17 January 2013] The greatest [species richness](/source/species_richness) of the genus is from the [Western Ghats](/source/Western_Ghats), northeast India, [Myanmar](/source/Myanmar), [Bangladesh](/source/Bangladesh) and [Sri Lanka](/source/Sri_Lanka).
==Description==
''Calotes'' is distinguished from related genera in having uniform-sized dorsal scales, and lacking a fold of skin extending between the cheek and shoulder, and in having proportionately stronger limbs than ''[Pseudocalotes](/source/Pseudocalotes)''. Compared to ''[Bronchocela](/source/Bronchocela)'', ''Calotes'' have a proportionately shorter tail and limbs. ''Calotes'' as we know it today was classified by Moody (1980) prior to which all of the above-mentioned genera were included in this genus.
==Taxonomy==
[[File:Green garden lizard (Calotes calotes) male breeding (cropped).jpg|thumb|''[C. calotes](/source/Calotes_calotes)'' male.]]The genus ''Calotes'' is still a heterogeneous group that may be divided into the ''C. versicolor'' and ''C. liocephalus'' groups.[[Smith MA](/source/Malcolm_Arthur_Smith) (1935). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol II.—Sauria''. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 440 pp. + Plate I + 2 maps. (''Calotes'' groups, pp. 182-183)] The former occurs through most of South Asia and further east. All species in this group have their dorsal and lateral scales directed upward. The latter is restricted to the southern Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. All species in this group have their scales directed back, or up and down, or down only. Whether further splitting is necessary or whether the groups constitute [subgenera](/source/subgenera) of a [monophyletic](/source/monophyletic) ''Calotes'' remains to be studied.
==Species==
Listed alphabetically by [specific name](/source/Specific_name_(zoology)).[[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?genus=Calotes&submit=Search ''Calotes'']. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.]
* [[File:Calotes ceylonensis at Kandalama.jpg|thumb|''[C. ceylonensis](/source/Calotes_ceylonensis)'']]''[Calotes bachae](/source/Calotes_bachae)'' {{small|[Hartmann](/source/species%3ATimo_Hartmann) et al., 2013}}[[Hartmann T](/source/species%3ATimo_Hartmann), [Geissler P](/source/species%3APeter_Geissler), [Poyarkov NA Jr](/source/species%3ANikolay_Andreevich_Poyarkov_Jr.), [Ihlow F](/source/species%3AFlora_Ihlow), [Galoyan EA](/source/species%3AEduard_Artashesovich_Galoyan), [Rödder D](/source/species%3ADennis_R%C3%B6dder), [Böhme W](/source/Wolfgang_B%C3%B6hme_(zoologist)) (2013). "A new species of the genus ''Calotes'' Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from southern Vietnam". ''Zootaxa'' '''3599''' (3): 246–260.]
* ''[Calotes bhutanensis](/source/Calotes_bhutanensis)'' {{small|[Biswas](/source/species%3ASayantan_Biswas), 1975}}
* ''[Calotes calotes](/source/Calotes_calotes)'' {{small|([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), 1758)}} – common green forest lizard
* ''[Calotes ceylonensis](/source/Calotes_ceylonensis)'' {{small|([F. Müller](/source/Fritz_M%C3%BCller_(doctor)), 1887)}} – painted-lip lizard, Ceylon bloodsucker
* ''[Calotes chincollium](/source/Calotes_chincollium)'' {{small|[Vindum](/source/species%3AJens_V._Vindum), 2003}}
* ''[Calotes desilvai](/source/Calotes_desilvai)'' {{small|[Bahir](/source/species%3AMohomed_M._Bahir) & [Maduwage](/source/species%3AKalana_Maduwage), 2005}} - Morningside lizard, Ceylon black-band whistling lizard
* ''[Calotes emma](/source/Calotes_emma)'' {{small|[Gray](/source/John_Edward_Gray), 1845}} – Emma Gray's forest lizard, forest crested lizard
** ''[Calotes emma alticristatus](/source/Calotes_emma_alticristatus)'' {{small|[K.P. Schmidt](/source/Karl_Patterson_Schmidt), 1925}}
** ''Calotes emma emma'' {{small|Gray, 1845}}
* ''[Calotes farooqi](/source/Calotes_farooqi)'' {{small|[Auffenberg](/source/Walter_Auffenberg) & [Rehman](/source/species%3AHafizur_Rehman), 1995}} – Farooq's garden lizard[[File:Calotes mystaceus 275810202 (cropped).jpg|thumb|''[C. mystaceus](/source/Calotes_mystaceus)'']]
* ''[Calotes geissleri](/source/Calotes_geissleri)'' {{small|[Wagner](/source/species%3APhilipp_Wagner), [Ihlow](/source/species%3AFlora_Ihlow), Hartmann, [Flecks](/source/species%3AMorris_Flecks), [Schmitz](/source/species%3AAndreas_Schmitz) & [Böhme](/source/Wolfgang_B%C3%B6hme_(zoologist)), 2021}}
* ''[Calotes goetzi](/source/Calotes_goetzi)'' {{small|Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & Böhme, 2021}}
* ''[Calotes grandisquamis](/source/Calotes_grandisquamis)'' {{small|[Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1864}} – large-scaled forest lizard
* ''[Calotes htunwini](/source/Calotes_htunwini)'' {{small|[Zug](/source/species%3AGeorge_Robert_Zug) & Vindum, 2006}}
* ''[Calotes irawadi](/source/Calotes_irawadi)'' {{small|Zug, [Brown](/source/species%3AHerrick_H.K._Brown), [Schulte](/source/species%3AJames_A._Schulte_II) & Vindum, 2006}}
* [[File:Calotes nemoricola Wayanad.jpg|thumb|''[C. nemoricola](/source/Calotes_nemoricola)'']]''[Calotes jerdoni](/source/Calotes_jerdoni)'' {{small|Günther, 1870}} – Jerdon's forest lizard
* ''[Calotes liocephalus](/source/Calotes_liocephalus)'' {{small|Günther, 1872}} – spineless forest lizard, crestless lizard, lionhead agama
* ''[Calotes liolepis](/source/Calotes_liolepis)'' {{small|([Boulenger](/source/George_Albert_Boulenger), 1885)}} – whistling lizard, Sri Lanka agama
* ''[Calotes manamendrai](/source/Calotes_manamendrai)'' {{small|([Amarasinghe](/source/species%3AA.A._Thasun_Amarasinghe) & [Karunarathna](/source/species%3AD.M.S._Suranjan_Karunarathna), 2014)}} – Manamendra-Arachchi's whistling lizard
* ''[Calotes maria](/source/Calotes_maria)'' {{small|Gray, 1845}} – Khasi Hills forest lizard
* ''[Calotes medogensis](/source/Calotes_medogensis)'' {{small|([Zhao](/source/Zhao_Ermi) & [S.-Q. Li](/source/species%3ASheng-Quan_Li), 1984)}} – Medog bloodsucker
* ''[Calotes minor](/source/Calotes_minor)'' {{small|([Hardwicke](/source/Thomas_Hardwicke) & Gray, 1827)}} – Hardwicke's bloodsucker
* ''[Calotes mystaceus](/source/Calotes_mystaceus)'' {{small|([A.M.C. Duméril](/source/Andr%C3%A9_Marie_Constant_Dum%C3%A9ril) & [Bibron](/source/Gabriel_Bibron), 1837)}} – Indo-Chinese forest lizard, blue-crested lizard
* ''[Calotes nemoricola](/source/Calotes_nemoricola)'' {{small|[Jerdon](/source/Thomas_C._Jerdon), 1853}} – Nilgiri forest lizard[[File:Male Calotes versicolor.jpg|thumb|''[C. versicolor](/source/Oriental_garden_lizard)'' male.]]
* ''[Calotes nigrilabris](/source/Calotes_nigrilabris)'' {{small|([W. Peters](/source/Wilhelm_Peters), 1860)}} – black-cheek lizard
* ''[Calotes nigriplicatus](/source/Calotes_nigriplicatus)'' {{small|[Hallermann](/source/species%3AJakob_Hallermann), 2000}}
* ''[Calotes paulus](/source/Calotes_paulus)'' {{small|([M.A. Smith](/source/Malcolm_Arthur_Smith), 1935)}} – small forest lizard
* ''[Calotes pethiyagodai](/source/Calotes_pethiyagodai)'' {{small|(Amarasinghe, Karunarathna & Hallermann, 2014)}}
* ''[Calotes sinyik](/source/Calotes_sinyik)'' {{small|Patel et al. 2024}}[{{Cite journal |last=Patel |first=Harshil |last2=Thackeray |first2=Tejas |last3=Sheth |first3=Chintan |last4=Khandekar |first4=Akshay |last5=Agarwal |first5=Ishan |date=2024-10-15 |title=A new small-sized Calotes Cuvier (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) from the Subansiri river basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5523.2.1 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=5523 |issue=2 |pages=151–170 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5523.2.1 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}]
* ''[Calotes versicolor](/source/Calotes_versicolor)'' {{small|([Daudin](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marie_Daudin), 1802)}} – Oriental garden lizard, changeable lizard, eastern garden lizard
* ''[Calotes vindumbarbatus](/source/Calotes_vindumbarbatus)'' {{small|Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & Böhme, 2021}}
* ''[Calotes wangi](/source/Calotes_wangi)'' {{small|[Huang](/source/species%3AYong_Huang), [H.-Y. Li](/source/species%3AHong-Yu_Li), [Wang](/source/species%3AYi-Lin_Wang), [M.-J. Li](/source/species%3AMao-Jin_Li), [Hou](/source/species%3AMian_Hou) & [Cai](/source/species%3ABo_Cai), 2024}}
* ''[Calotes zolaiking](/source/Calotes_zolaiking)'' {{small|[Giri](/source/species%3AVarad_B._Giri), [Chaitanya](/source/species%3AR._Chaitanya), [Mahony](/source/species%3AStephen_Mahony), [Lalrounga](/source/species%3ASamuel_Lalrounga), [Lalrinchhana](/source/species%3AC._Lalrinchhana), [A. Das](/source/species%3AAbhijit_Das), [Sarkar](/source/species%3AVivek_Sarkar), [Karanth](/source/species%3AK._Praveen_Karanth) & [Deepak](/source/species%3AVeerappan_Deepak), 2019}} – Mizoram montane forest lizard
Two species formerly treated as members of the genus ''Calotes'' were separated into a new genus, ''[Monilesaurus](/source/Monilesaurus)'', in 2018.[{{cite journal|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4482.3.1|pmid=30313808|title=A systematic revision of ''Calotes'' Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4482|issue=3|pages=401–450|year=2018|last1=Pal|first1=Saunak|author1-link=species:Saunak Pal|last2=Vijayakumar|first2=S.P.|author2-link=species:Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar|last3=Shanker|first3=Kartik|author3-link=species:Kartik Shanker|last4=Jayarajan|first4=Aditi|author4-link=species:Aditi Jayarajan|last5=Deepak|first5=V.|author5-link=species:Veerappan Deepak}}]
* ''[Monilesaurus ellioti](/source/Monilesaurus_ellioti)'' {{small|Günther, 1864}} – Elliot's forest lizard
* ''[Monilesaurus rouxii](/source/Monilesaurus_rouxii)'' {{small|A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1837}} – Roux's forest lizard, Roux's forest Calotes
''[Nota bene](/source/Nota_bene)'': A [binomial authority](/source/Binomial_nomenclature) in parentheses or a [trinomial authority](/source/Trinomen) in parentheses indicates that the species or the [subspecies](/source/subspecies) was originally described in a genus other than ''Calotes''.
==Gallery==
File:Calotes bachae 183517348 (cropped 2).jpg|''[C. bachae](/source/Calotes_bachae)''
File:Calotes emma 3420729.jpg|''[C. emma](/source/Calotes_emma)''
File:Large-scaled forest lizard IMG 1023.jpg|''[C. grandisquamis](/source/Calotes_grandisquamis)''
File:Calotes jerdoni P1130608 02.jpg|[''C. jerdoni''](/source/Calotes_jerdoni)
File:Calotes nigrilabris 60068657 (cropped).jpg|''[C. nigrilabris](/source/Calotes_nigrilabris)''
File:Oriocalotes paulus.jpg|''[C. paulus](/source/Small_forest_lizard)''
File:Calotes female.jpg|A female ''Calotes'' at Pune, India.
File:Garden Lizard India vs.jpg|A garden lizard, South India.
==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
*[HALLERMANN J](/source/species%3AJakob_Hallermann), [BÖHME W](/source/Wolfgang_B%C3%B6hme_(zoologist)) (2000). "A review of the genus ''Pseudocalotes'' (Squamata: Agamidae), with description of a new species from West Malaysia". ''Amphibia-Reptilia'' '''21''': 193–210.
*HALLERMANN J (2005). "A taxonomic review of the genus ''Bronchocela'' (Squamata: Agamidae), with description of a new species from Vietnam". ''Russian Journal of Herpetology'' '''12''' (3): 167–182.
*[MOODY SM](/source/species%3AScott_Michael_Moody) (1980). ''Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeographical relationships of the genera in the family Agamidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia)''. PhD dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 373 pp.
*[ZUG GR](/source/species%3AGeorge_Robert_Zug), [BROWN HHK](/source/species%3AHerrick_H.K._Brown), [SCHULTE JA II](/source/species%3AJames_A._Schulte_II), [VINDUM JV](/source/species%3AJens_V._Vindum) (2006). "Systematics of the Garden Lizards, ''Calotes versicolor'' Group (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae), in Myanmar: Central Dry Zone Populations". ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series'' '''57''' (2): 35–68.
{{Refend}}
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1875940}}
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Category:Calotes
Category:Lizard genera
Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Calotes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotes) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotes?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.