# Callithrix

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Genus of New World monkeys

Not to be confused with *[Callitris](/source/Callitris)* or *[Calytrix](/source/Calytrix)*, two genera of plants native to Australia and New Caledonia.

Callithrix[1][2] Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) CITES Appendix I Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Placentalia Order: Primates Family: Callitrichidae Genus: Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 Type species Simia jacchus Linnaeus, 1758 Species 6; see text Synonyms Anthopithecus F. Cuvier, 1829 Arctopithecus G. Cuvier, 1819 Hapale Illiger, 1811 Hapales F. Cuvier, 1829 Harpale Gray, 1821 Iacchus Spix, 1823 Jacchus É. Geoffroy, 1812 Midas É. Geoffroy, 1828 Ouistitis Burnett, 1826 Sagoin Desmarest, 1804 Sagoinus Kerr, 1792 Sagouin Lacépède, 1799 Saguin Fischer, 1803

***Callithrix*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [New World monkeys](/source/New_World_monkey) of the family [Callitrichidae](/source/Callitrichidae), the family containing [marmosets](/source/Marmoset) and [tamarins](/source/Tamarin). The genus contains the [Atlantic Forest](/source/Atlantic_Forest) marmosets. The name *Callithrix* is derived from the Greek words *kallos*, meaning beautiful, and *thrix*, meaning hair.

## Taxonomy

The genera *[Mico](/source/Mico_(genus))* and *[Callibella](/source/Callibella)* were formerly considered a subgenus of the genus *Callithrix*.[2][3] *Callithrix* differs from *Mico* in dental morphology and geographic distribution; *Callithrix* species are distributed near the Atlantic coast of Brazil, while *Mico* species are distributed further inland.[4] *Callithrix* differs from *Callibella* in these features, as well as in size, with *Callithrix* species being significantly larger.[4] *Callithrix* species differ from the tamarins of the genus *[Saguinus](/source/Saguinus)* in that *Callithrix* has enlarged mandibular [incisor](/source/Incisor) teeth the same size as the [canine teeth](/source/Canine_teeth), which are used for gouging holes in trees to extract [exudates](/source/Exudate).[5]

Some authorities, including Rosenberger (1981), believe that the [pygmy marmoset](/source/Pygmy_marmoset), genus *[Cebuella](/source/Cebuella)*, should be included within *Callithrix* on the basis of genetic studies, although *Cebuella* is significantly smaller than *Callithrix*.[2][4]

In general, *Callithrix* and *Mico* species tend to form larger groups and live within smaller home ranges, thus live in higher population densities, than other callitrichids, but these statistics can vary dramatically among various *Callithrix* species. *C. jacchus* and *C. pencillata* typically have home territories less than 10 [hectares](/source/Hectare), while other *Callithrix* species tend to have larger home territories.[4]

### Species

The genus includes these species:

Genus Callithrix – Erxleben, 1777 – six species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Common marmoset Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) Brazil, in the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia. Size: Habitat: Diet: LC Black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) Brazil from Bahia to Paraná Size: Habitat: Diet: LC Wied's marmoset Callithrix kuhlii Coimbra-Filho, 1985 eastern Brazil Size: Habitat: Diet: VU White-headed marmoset Callithrix geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1812) eastern Brazil Size: Habitat: , Diet: LC Buffy-headed marmoset Callithrix flaviceps (Thomas, 1903) Brazil from southern Espírito Santo and possibly northern Rio de Janeiro and its distribution extends into Minas Gerais Size: Habitat: Diet: CR Buffy-tufted marmoset Callithrix aurita (É. Geoffroy, 1812) southeast Brazil Size: Habitat: Diet: EN

## Ecology

Exudates, such as gum and sap, fruit, nectar, and fungi make up the bulk of *Callthrix* species' diet, but they also eat animal prey such as [arthropods](/source/Arthropod), young birds, and small [lizards](/source/Lizard) and [frogs](/source/Frog). They are specialized for exploiting exudates by their elongated, chisel-like lower incisors and a wide jaw gape that allows them to gouge bark of trees that produce gums. Their [intestines](/source/Intestine) also have an enlarged, complex [cecum](/source/Cecum) that allows them to digest gums more efficiently than most other animals. The ability of *Callithrix* species to feed on exudates allows them to survive in areas where fruit is highly seasonal or not readily available. Some species, such as *C. jacchus* and *C. pencillata*, have been known to inhabit city parks, backyards, and coconut plantations.[4]

## Breeding

*Callithrix* females generally give birth to two, and sometimes more infants at a time. They can [ovulate](/source/Ovulate) and conceive within 2-4 weeks after giving birth, and ovulation is not inhibited by [lactation](/source/Lactation). [Polygyny](/source/Polygyny_in_animals) is known to occur in several *Callithrix* species. [Infanticide](/source/Infanticide_in_primates) is also known to occur, at least within *C. jacchus*, in which the dominant female kills the offspring of a subordinate female. Females generally reach sexual maturity between 12 and 17 months, and males between 15 and 25 months.[4]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-msw3_1-0)** [Groves, C. P.](/source/Colin_Groves) (2005). [Wilson, D. E.](/source/Don_E._Wilson); Reeder, D. M. (eds.). [*Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference*](http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100183) (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-801-88221-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-801-88221-4). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [62265494](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SAP_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SAP_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SAP_2-2) Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA (2009). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)". In Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, [Strier KB](/source/Karen_B._Strier) (eds.). *South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation*. Springer. pp. 23–54. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-387-78704-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-78704-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Groves, C. P.](/source/Colin_Groves) (2005). [Wilson, D. E.](/source/Don_E._Wilson); Reeder, D. M. (eds.). [*Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference*](http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100182) (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 129–134. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-801-88221-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-801-88221-4). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [62265494](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-perspective_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-perspective_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-perspective_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-perspective_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-perspective_4-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-perspective_4-5) Digby, L.; Ferari, S. & Saltzman, W. (2007). "Callitrchines". In Campbell, C.; et al. (eds.). *Primates in Perspective*. Oxford University Press. pp. 85–106. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-517133-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517133-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pic_5-0)** Rowe, N. (1996). [*The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates*](https://archive.org/details/pictorialguideto0000rowe). Pogonias Press. p. [59](https://archive.org/details/pictorialguideto0000rowe/page/59). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-9648825-0-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9648825-0-7).

v t e Extant species of family Callitrichidae Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Suborder: Haplorhini Callithrix (Atlantic marmosets) Black-tufted marmoset (C. penicillata) Buffy-headed marmoset (C. flaviceps) Buffy-tufted marmoset (C. aurita) Common marmoset (C. jacchus) White-headed marmoset (C. geoffroyi) Wied's marmoset (C. kuhlii) Mico (Amazonian marmosets) Rio Acari marmoset (M. acariensis) Silvery marmoset (M. argentatus) White marmoset (M. leucippe) Emilia's marmoset (M. emiliae) Black-headed marmoset (M. nigriceps) Marca's marmoset (M. marcai) Schneider's marmoset (M. schneideri) Black-tailed marmoset (M. melanurus) Santarem marmoset (M. humeralifer) Maués marmoset (M. mauesi) Munduruku marmoset (M. munduruku) Gold-and-white marmoset (M. chrysoleucos) Hershkovitz's marmoset (M. intermedia) Satéré marmoset (M. saterei) Rondon's marmoset (M. rondoni) Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset (M. humilis) Cebuella Eastern pygmy marmoset (C. niveiventris) Western pygmy marmoset (C. pygmaea) Leontopithecus (lion tamarins) Black lion tamarin (L. chrysopygus) Golden lion tamarin (L. rosalia) Golden-headed lion tamarin (L. chrysomelas) Superagui lion tamarin (L. caissara) Leontocebus (saddle-back tamarins) Andean saddle-back tamarin (L. leucogenys) Black-mantled tamarin (L. nigricollis) Brown-mantled tamarin (L. fuscicollis) Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin (L. cruzlimai) Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin (L. nigrifrons) Golden-mantled tamarin (S. tripartitus) Illiger's saddle-back tamarin (L. illigeri) Lesson's saddle-back tamarin (L. fuscus) Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin (L. lagonotus) Weddell's saddle-back tamarin (L. weddelli) Saguinus (tamarins) Subgenus Saguinus: Golden-handed tamarin (S. midas) Black tamarin (S. niger) Eastern black-handed tamarin (S. ursula) Pied tamarin (S. bicolor) Martins's tamarin (S. martinsi) Cotton-top tamarin (S. oedipus) Geoffroy's tamarin (S. geoffroyi) White-footed tamarin (S. leucopus) Subgenus Tamarinus: Moustached tamarin (S. mystax) White-lipped tamarin (S. labiatus) Emperor tamarin (S. imperator) Mottle-faced tamarin (S. inustus) Callimico Goeldi's marmoset (C. goeldii) Category

v t e Haplorhini Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Haplorhini †"Omomyidae" Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius Microchoerinae Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex "Anaptomorphinae" Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina "Omomyinae" Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius Tarkadectinae Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops Tarsiiformes †Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"? Tarsiidae Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis? Simiiformes see below↓ Simiiformes Simiiformes †Altiatlasius? †Amamria †Aseanpithecus †Nosmips? †Phileosimias? †Afrotarsiidae? Afrasia Afrotarsius †Eosimiidae Bahinia Eosimias Phenacopithecus †Amphipithecidae Amphipithecus Bugtipithecus? Ganlea Krabia Myanmarpithecus Pondaungia Siamopithecus †Parapithecoidea Arsinoea Biretia Proteopithecidae Proteopithecus Serapia Parapithecidae Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus Platyrrhini †Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico Aotidae Aotus †Tremacebus Pitheciidae †Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix Atelidae Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia Cebidae †Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus Callitrichidae Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus Catarrhini see below↓ Catarrhini Catarrhini †Micropithecus †Saadanius †Oligopithecidae Catopithecus Oligopithecus Talahpithecus †Propliopithecidae Aegyptopithecus Propliopithecus †Pliopithecoidea Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi Pliopithecidae Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus Dionysopithecidae Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus Crouzeliidae Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates Cercopithecoidea †Alophe †Victoriapithecidae Noropithecus Nsungwepithecus? Prohylobates? Victoriapithecus Zaltanpithecus Colobinae †Cercopithecoides Colobus †Dolichopithecus †Kuseracolobus †Libypithecus †Mesopithecus †Microcolobus Nasalis †Paracolobus †Parapresbytis Piliocolobus Presbytis Procolobus Pygathrix †Rhinocolobus Rhinopithecus †Sawecolobus Semnopithecus Simias Trachypithecus Cercopithecinae Cercopithecini Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus Papionini Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus Hominoidea see below↓ Hominoidea Hominoidea †Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Masripithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus †Dendropithecidae Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus Hylobatidae †Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus Hominidae †Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus Ponginae †Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus Homininae †Dryopithecini Anoiapithecus Danuvius Dryopithecus Hispanopithecus? Pierolapithecus? Rudapithecus Gorillini †Chororapithecus? Gorilla †Nakalipithecus? Hominini Pan Hominina †Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers Callithrix Wikidata: Q1064620 Wikispecies: Callithrix ADW: Callithrix BOLD: 53193 EoL: 41549 EPPO: 1KLLTG GBIF: 2436453 ITIS: 572807 MSW: 12100182 Open Tree of Life: 1015231 Paleobiology Database: 92611 ZooBank: 86F7B298-95E6-402C-ACBD-0D0BD695A54D

Authority control databases National United States Other Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Callithrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callithrix) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callithrix?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.