# Calibanus

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***Calibanus*** was a [genus](/source/Genus) of two species of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant), both evergreen [succulents](/source/Succulent) from dry areas of northeastern Mexico.The genus was subsumed in the genus *[Beaucarnea](/source/Beaucarnea)* in the year 2014.[1][2][3][4] The [APG III classification system](/source/APG_III_system) places *Beaucarnea* in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Asparagaceae](/source/Asparagaceae), subfamily [Convallarioideae](/source/Convallarioideae) (formerly the family Ruscaceae.[5][6]) The now-defunct *Calibanus* was formerly included in the Agavaceae (now [Agavoideae](/source/Agavoideae)) but was separated from them, for it is [polycarpic](/source/Polycarpic) and [dioecious](/source/Dioecious). Its name refers to the monster [Caliban](/source/Caliban), an [antagonist](/source/Antagonist) in Shakespeare's *The Tempest*.

*Calibanus* is [dioecious](/source/Dioecious). It is extremely drought-tolerant, with a slow-growing habit. It has tuberous roots called [caudices](/source/Caudex). The caudex can grow to 1m in diameter, with clumps of green-blue, coarse, grasslike, wiry leaves 50 cm long rising from the center and arching down with age. Clusters of tiny, creamy-white flowers, sometimes tinged with pink or purple, are rigid, about 10–20 cm long. Female plants bear globose, ovoid, 3-angled berries with ellipsoid seeds.[7]

## Species

1. *[Calibanus glassianus](/source/Calibanus_glassianus)* L.Hern. & Zamudio - Guanajuato
1. *[Calibanus hookeri](/source/Calibanus_hookeri)* (Lem.) Trel. - San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo

## References

1. Kew Plants of the World Online [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297730-2](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297730-2)

1. Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea (2014). Rojas-Piña, V., Olson, M.E., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O. & Eguiarte, L.E.. Taxon 63: 1193-1211. [Cited as Beaucarnea.]

1. [Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families](http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=301605)

1. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, México D.F.

1. Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. Continental Publishing, Deurne.

1. Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L.; & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **161** (2): 132–136, [doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x)

1. Hernández Sandoval, L. & S. Zamudio Ruíz. 2003. Two new remarkable Nolinaceae from central Mexico. Brittonia 55(3): 226–232.

- [Bihrmann's Cauduciforms, *Calibanus hookeri*](http://www.bihrmann.com/CAUDICIformS/subs/cal-hoo-sub.asp%5D)
- [Cactus Art Nursery, *Calibanus hookeri*](http://www.cactus-art.biz/schede/CALIBANUS/Calibanus_hookerii/Calibanus_hookerii/Calibanus_hookerii.htm)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Calibanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibanus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibanus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.