# Caldesia

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{{Short description|Genus of aquatic plants}}
{{automatic taxobox
|image = Caldesia parnassiifolia3.jpg
|image_caption = ''Caldesia parnassifolia''
|taxon = Caldesia
|authority = [Parl.](/source/Filippo_Parlatore)
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Caldesia''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of aquatic plants.  It includes three living [species](/source/species) widespread across [Europe](/source/Europe), [Asia](/source/Asia), [Africa](/source/Africa) and [Australia](/source/Australia).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=301593|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|website=apps.kew.org|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=caldesia+parnassifolia Altervista Flora Italiana, Mestolaccia minore, Parnassus Leaved Water Plantain, ''Caldesia parnassifolia'']</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=105055|title=Caldesia in Flora of China @ efloras.org|website=www.efloras.org|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref> The genus "has an extensive [Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) through [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) fossil record in [Eurasia](/source/Eurasia),"<ref>{{cite journal | last=Haggard | first=Kristina K. |author2=Tiffney, Bruce H. | year=1997 | title=The Flora of the Early Miocene Brandon Lignite, Vermont, USA. VIII. ''Caldesia'' (Alismataceae) | journal=American Journal of Botany | volume=84 | issue=2 | pages=239–252 | doi=10.2307/2446086 | publisher=American Journal of Botany, Vol. 84, No. 2 | jstor=2446086 | doi-access=free | pmid=21712204 }}</ref> and has been found in fossil strata of the [United States](/source/United_States) ([Idaho](/source/Idaho) and [Vermont](/source/Vermont)) as well. Ten fossil species have been described for the genus.

==Taxonomy==
The genus name of ''Caldesia'' is in honour of Ludovico (Luigi) Caldesi (1821 - 1884), an Italian politician and botanist.<ref>{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen |trans-title=Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2022 | isbn=978-3-946292-41-8 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2022|format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2022 |access-date=January 27, 2022}}</ref>

The genus was [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) by [Filippo Parlatore](/source/Filippo_Parlatore) in Fl. Ital. Vol.3 on page 598 in 1860.

==Description== 
Leaves all basal, floating or aerial, ovate to elliptical, cordate or subcordate. Flowers hermaphrodite, in racemes or panicles. Stamens 6(-11). Carpels few or numerous in a single whorl, free, each with 1 ovule; styles subventral. Fruitlets drupaceous, with woody endocarp and spongy exocarp, swollen, with a short subventral beak, smooth or with tubercles or spines.

==Selected species==
* ''[Caldesia brandoniana](/source/Caldesia_brandoniana)''&nbsp;†
* ''[Caldesia grandis](/source/Caldesia_grandis)'' <small>Sam.</small> - [Assam](/source/Assam), [Bangladesh](/source/Bangladesh), southern [China](/source/China)
* ''[Caldesia oligococca](/source/Caldesia_oligococca)'' <small>(F.Muell.) Buchanan</small>
**''Caldesia oligococca ''var''. acanthocarpa'' <small>(F.Muell.) Hartog</small> - [Queensland](/source/Queensland), [Northern Territory](/source/Northern_Territory) (of [Australia](/source/Australia))
**''Caldesia oligococca ''var''. echinata'' <small>Hartog</small> - western [Africa](/source/Africa) from [Mali](/source/Mali) to [Chad](/source/Chad), plus [India](/source/India), [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan), [Sri Lanka](/source/Sri_Lanka), [Thailand](/source/Thailand), [Vietnam](/source/Vietnam), [Java](/source/Java) 
**''Caldesia oligococca ''var''. oligococca'' - [Timor](/source/Timor), [Queensland](/source/Queensland)
* ''[Caldesia parnassifolia](/source/Caldesia_parnassifolia)'' <small>(L.) Parl.</small> (synonym: ''Caldesia reniformis'' <small>(D.Don) Makino)</small> - widespread across [Europe](/source/Europe), [Asia](/source/Asia), [Africa](/source/Africa), [Queensland](/source/Queensland)

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2673201}}

Category:Alismataceae
Category:Alismataceae genera
Category:Freshwater plants

{{alismatales-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Caldesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldesia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldesia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.