# Caldalkalibacillus

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Genus of bacteria

Caldalkalibacillus Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacillati Phylum: Bacillota Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillaceae Genus: Caldalkalibacillus Xue et al. 2006[1] Type species Caldalkalibacillus thermarum Xue et al. 2006 Species C. horti C. mannanilyticus "C. salinus" C. thermarum C. uzonensis Synonyms Thermalkalibacillus Zhao et al. 2006[2]

***Caldalkalibacillus*** is an [aerobic](/source/Aerobic_organism) and [spore](/source/Spore)-forming genus of bacteria from the family [Bacillaceae](/source/Bacillaceae) the stains either Gram-positive or Gram-variable.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The type species of this genus is *Caldalkalibacillus thermarum.*[7]

*Caldalkalibacillus* *mannanilyticus* was previously a species belonging to *[Bacillus](/source/Bacillus)*, a genus that has been recognized as displaying extensive [polyphyly](/source/Polyphyly) and has been restricted by recent phylogenetic studies to only include species closely related to *[Bacillus subtilis](/source/Bacillus_subtilis)* and *[Bacillus cereus](/source/Bacillus_cereus).* [8][9]

The name *Caldalkalibacillus* is derived from the prefix "-caldalkali" (from the Latin adjective *caldus*, which translates to "hot" and the Latin noun *alkali),* and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun *bacillus*, referring to a small rod).[1] Together, *Caldalkalibacillus* translates to bacillus living under hot and alkaline conditions).

## Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures

Members of this genus are [aerobic](/source/Aerobic_organism) and some are motile and endospore-forming. Colonies formed are either yellow or yellowish-white in colour. Temperature range for growth is 20–65°C, with optimum growth temperature for *C. mannanilyticus* around 37°C, whereas *C. thermarum* grows optimally at 60°C. The pH range for growth is 7.5–10, with optimal growth occurring around pH 8.5–9.0.[9]

Four [conserved signature indels](/source/Conserved_signature_indels) (CSIs) were identified through genomic analyses for this genus in the following proteins: [prephenate dehydrogenase](/source/Prephenate_dehydrogenase), isoprenyl transferase, DUF1027 domain-containing protein and [adenine deaminase](/source/Adenine_deaminase), which in most cases are exclusively shared by either all or most members of this genus.[9][3] These CSIs provide a reliable molecular means of distinguishing *Caldalkalibacillus* species from other *Bacillaceae* genera and bacteria.

## Phylogeny

*Caldalkalibacillus*, as of May 2021, contains a total of 3 species with validly published names.[1][10] This branching pattern is also observed in the [Genome Taxonomy Database](/source/Genome_Taxonomy_Database) (GTDB).[11]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[12][13][14] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[15][16][17] Caldalkalibacillales Caldalkalibacillus C. thermarum C. uzonensis Caldalkalibacillaceae Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus Caldalkalibacillus horti Caldalkalibacillales Caldalkalibacillaceae C. thermarum Xue et al. 2006 C. uzonensis Zhao et al. 2008 Caldalkalibacillus JCM‑10596 Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus (Nogi et al. 2005) Gupta et al. 2020 Caldalkalibacillus horti (Yumoto et al. 1998) Li et al. 2024 "Caldalkalibacillus salinus" Ouyang et al. 2022 Caldalkalibacillus_A

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LPSN_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LPSN_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-LPSN_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-LPSN_1-3) A.C. Parte; et al. ["Caldalkalibacillus"](https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/caldalkalibacillus). [List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature](/source/List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature) (LPSN). Retrieved 2025-02-28.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-UniProt_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-UniProt_2-1) ["Caldalkalibacillus"](https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/379065). *www.uniprot.org*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_3-1) Parker, Charles Thomas; Osier, Nicole Danielle; Garrity, George M (2009). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M. (eds.). "Nomenclature Abstract for Caldalkalibacillus Xue et al. 2006 emend. Zhao et al. 2008". *The NamesforLife Abstracts*. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1601/nm.10093](https://doi.org/10.1601%2Fnm.10093).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Schagerl, Michael (2016). *Soda Lakes of East Africa*. Springer. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783319286228](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319286228).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Falkiewicz-Dulik, Michalina; Janda, Katarzyna; Wypych, George (2015). *Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization*. Elsevier. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781927885024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781927885024).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Vos, Paul; Garrity, George; Jones, Dorothy; Krieg, Noel R.; Ludwig, Wolfgang; Rainey, Fred A.; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. (2011). *Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 3: The Firmicutes*. Springer Science & Business Media. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780387684895](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780387684895).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:4_7-0)** ["Genus: Caldalkalibacillus"](https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/caldalkalibacillus). *lpsn.dsmz.de*. Retrieved 2021-05-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:0_8-0)** Patel, Sudip; Gupta, Radhey S. (2020-01-01). ["A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov"](https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijsem.0.003775). *International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology*. **70** (1): 406–438. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1099/ijsem.0.003775](https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijsem.0.003775). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1466-5026](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1466-5026).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_9-2) Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip; Saini, Navneet; Chen, Shu (2020-11-01). ["Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species"](https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijsem.0.004475). *International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology*. **70** (11): 5753–5798. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1099/ijsem.0.004475](https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijsem.0.004475). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1466-5026](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1466-5026).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NCBI_10-0)** C.L. Schoch; et al. ["Caldalkalibacillus"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=379065&lvl=3&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock). [National Center for Biotechnology Information](/source/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information) (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-02-28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["GTDB - Tree"](https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/tree?r=d__Bacteria). *gtdb.ecogenomic.org*. Retrieved 2021-05-28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["The LTP"](https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP). Retrieved 10 December 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["LTP_all tree in newick format"](https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree). Retrieved 10 December 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["LTP_10_2024 Release Notes"](https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-about_15-0)** ["GTDB release 09-RS220"](https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C). *[Genome Taxonomy Database](/source/Genome_Taxonomy_Database)*. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-tree_16-0)** ["bac120_r220.sp_labels"](https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree). *[Genome Taxonomy Database](/source/Genome_Taxonomy_Database)*. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-taxon_history_17-0)** ["Taxon History"](https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/). *[Genome Taxonomy Database](/source/Genome_Taxonomy_Database)*. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

## Further reading

- Zhao, W; Zhang, CL; Romanek, CS; Wiegel, J (May 2008). ["Description of Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis sp. nov. and emended description of the genus Caldalkalibacillus"](https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.65363-0). *International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology*. **58** (Pt 5): 1106–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1099/ijs.0.65363-0](https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.65363-0). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [18450697](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18450697).

- Kalamorz, F.; Keis, S.; McMillan, D. G. G.; Olsson, K.; Stanton, J.-A.; Stockwell, P.; Black, M. A.; Klingeman, D. M.; Land, M. L.; Han, C. S.; Martin, S. L.; Becher, S. A.; Peddie, C. J.; Morgan, H. W.; Matthies, D.; Preiss, L.; Meier, T.; Brown, S. D.; Cook, G. M. (17 June 2011). ["Draft Genome Sequence of the Thermoalkaliphilic Caldalkalibacillus thermarum Strain TA2.A1"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3147688). *Journal of Bacteriology*. **193** (16): 4290–4291. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/JB.05035-11](https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJB.05035-11). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3147688](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3147688). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [21685297](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21685297).

- Bertrand, Jean-Claude; Caumette, Pierre; Lebaron, Philippe; Matheron, Robert; Normand, Philippe; Sime-Ngando, Télesphore (2015). *Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications: Microbial Ecology*. Springer. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789401791182](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789401791182).

Taxon identifiers Caldalkalibacillus Wikidata: Q26219531 Wikispecies: Caldalkalibacillus CoL: 3F4K GBIF: 3227812 IRMNG: 1005369 ITIS: 956876 LPSN: caldalkalibacillus.html NCBI: 379065 Open Tree of Life: 62573 SeqCode Registry: 4411 WoRMS: 394096

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