# Calanus sinicus
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{{Short description|Species of crustacean}}
{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Calanus sinicus
| authority = Brodsky, 1962
}}
'''''Calanus sinicus''''' is a [copepod](/source/copepod) found in the northwest Pacific.
==Description==
The female ''C. sinicus'' generally ranges from about {{convert|2.1|to|3.6|mm|in}}. The male generally ranges between about {{convert|2|and|3.5|mm|in}}.[{{cite web|author1=Razouls C.|author2=de Bovée F.|author3=Kouwenberg J.|author4=Desreumaux N.|url=https://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=511|title=Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods|year=2018|access-date=27 July 2018|publisher=Sorbonne Université, CNRS}}]
==Ecology==
===Life cycle and reproduction===
''C. sinicus'' reproduces throughout the year.[{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=C.|last2=Uye|first2=S.|last3=Onbé|first3=T.|title=Geographic distribution, seasonal life cycle, biomass and production of a planktonic copepod ''Calarms sinicus'' in the Inland Sea of Japan and its neighboring Pacific Ocean|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1993|pages=1229–1246|issn=0142-7873|doi=10.1093/plankt/15.11.1229}}] There are generally two peaks in reproduction. In the southern [Yellow Sea](/source/Yellow_Sea), these peaks occur from May to July and from November to January. These peaks occur when the temperatures throughout the water column fall into its preferred temperature range of {{convert|10|to|23|C|F}}.[{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Rong|last2=Zuo|first2=Tao|last3=Wang|first3=Ke|title=The Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water—an oversummering site for ''Calanus sinicus'' (Copepoda, Crustacea)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|volume=25|issue=2|year=2003|pages=169–183|issn=1464-3774|doi=10.1093/plankt/25.2.169|doi-access=free}}] It is likely that there are two different reproductive strategies carried out during spring and autumn. In the first reproductive period, during spring, the average prosome length is high, which allows it to produce more eggs around the time of the phytoplankton bloom. During autumn, on the other hand, accumulated energy is likely used to finance reproduction.[{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=G.-T.|last2=Sun|first2=Song|last3=Zhang|first3=Fang|title=Seasonal variation of reproduction rates and body size of ''Calanus sinicus'' in the Southern Yellow Sea, China|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|volume=27|issue=2|year=2004|pages=135–143|issn=1464-3774|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbh164|doi-access=}}] Spawning occurs at the surface during the night and dawn, with peak spawning occurring during the latter. The depth at which eggs are found varies seasonally; a study in the Sea of Japan found that eggs generally occurred at about {{convert|12|m|ft}} in depth in August and September, about {{convert|25|m|ft}} in November, about {{convert|30|m|ft}} in June, and about {{convert|41|m|ft}} in March.[{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=C.|last2=Uye|first2=S.|last3=Onbé|first3=T.|title=Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod ''Calanus sinicus'' in the Inland Sea of Japan: III. Early summer and overall seasonal pattern|journal=Marine Biology|volume=117|issue=2|year=1993|pages=289–299|issn=0025-3162|doi=10.1007/BF00345674}}] The depth at which eggs are found may be related to the avoidance of cannibalism by late copepodite stages and adults, as, in some cases, a lack of overlap between the vertical distribution of eggs and potential cannibals has been observed. The eggs hatch into nauplii in about one day.[{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=C.|last2=Uye|first2=S.|last3=Onbé|first3=T.|title=Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod ''Calanus sinicus'' in the Inland Sea of Japan: II. Late fall and early spring|journal=Marine Biology|volume=113|issue=3|year=1992|pages=391–400|issn=0025-3162|doi=10.1007/BF00349164}}]
From August onwards, the population declines and its distribution shrinks. During this time, it is found in cooler waters; it oversummers, for example, in the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water, where temperatures are usually below {{convert|10|C|F}}. Adults, stage V copepodites, and some stage IV copepodites are found in the colder bottom waters, whereas copepodite stages I through III are found in the middle layer, where temperatures are between about {{convert|10|and|20|C|F}}.[{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=C.|last2=Sun|first2=S.|last3=Wang|first3=R.|last4=Wang|first4=X.|title=Feeding and respiration rates of a planktonic copepod (''Calanus sinicus'') oversummering in Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Waters|journal=Marine Biology|volume=145|issue=1|year=2004|issn=0025-3162|doi=10.1007/s00227-004-1306-x}}]
==Relationship with humans==
''C. sinicus'' is an important food of [anchovies](/source/anchovy), [sandeel](/source/sandeel)s, and [sardine](/source/sardine)s, which are important commercially.[{{cite journal|last1=Uye|first1=S|title=Why does ''Calanus sinicus'' prosper in the shelf ecosystem of the Northwest Pacific Ocean?|journal=ICES Journal of Marine Science|volume=57|issue=6|year=2000|pages=1850–1855|issn=1054-3139|doi=10.1006/jmsc.2000.0965|doi-access=free}}]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6552371}}
Category:Calanoida
Category:Crustaceans described in 1962
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Calanus sinicus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanus_sinicus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanus_sinicus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.