# CX Draconis

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Binary star system in the constellation Draco

CX Draconis Light curves for CX Draconis. The main plot, from Hipparcos data,[1] shows the long-term variability. The inset plot, from TESS data,[2] shows how the brightness changes of short timescales. Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 Constellation Draco Right ascension 18h 46m 43.089s[3] Declination +52° 59′ 16.65″[3] Apparent magnitude (V) 5.68 to 5.99[4] Characteristics Spectral type B2.5 V + F5 III[5] Variable type γ Cas + rotating ellipsoidal[4] Astrometry Radial velocity (Rv) −2.1±2.3[6] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: 10.965 mas/yr[3] Dec.: −4.920 mas/yr[3] Parallax (π) 2.8262±0.0587 mas[3] Distance 1,150 ± 20 ly (354 ± 7 pc) Orbit[7] Period (P) 6.695957±0.000043 d Semi-major axis (a) ≥ 3.253 million km[8] Eccentricity (e) 0.052±0.006 Inclination (i) 52 to 55° Periastron epoch (T) 2,442,549.48±0.24 HJD Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary) 267.9±6.4° Semi-amplitude (K1) (primary) 33.66±0.86 km/s Semi-amplitude (K2) (secondary) 145.92±0.82 km/s Details Primary Mass 7.3[9] M☉ Surface gravity (log g) 3.71±0.27[10] cgs Temperature 19,580±640[10] K Rotational velocity (v sin i) 163±10[10] km/s Secondary Mass ~1.7[9] M☉ Temperature 6,500[11] K Rotational velocity (v sin i) ~65[11] km/s Other designations CX Dra, BD+52°2280, FK5 1492, GC 25757, HD 174237, HIP 92133, HR 7084, SAO 31165[12] Database references SIMBAD data

**CX Draconis** is an [interacting binary star](/source/Interacting_binary_star) system in the northern [constellation](/source/Constellation) of [Draco](/source/Draco_(constellation)), abbreviated CX Dra. It has the designation HD 174237 in the *[Henry Draper Catalogue](/source/Henry_Draper_Catalogue)*; CX Draconis is the [variable star designation](/source/Variable_star_designation). This is a double-lined [spectroscopic binary](/source/Spectroscopic_binary) system with a near circular orbit.[7] The brightness of the system undergoes long-term irregular fluctuations,[11] ranging from an [apparent visual magnitude](/source/Apparent_visual_magnitude) of 5.68 down to 5.99.[4] Based on [parallax](/source/Stellar_parallax) measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 1,150 [light years](/source/Light_year) from the [Sun](/source/Sun).[3]

In 1921, this target was found to have a varying [radial velocity](/source/Radial_velocity) by [J. S. Plaskett](/source/John_Stanley_Plaskett) and associates.[13][14] It was shown to be a [Be star](/source/Be_star) by [O. C. Mohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orren_Cuthbert_Mohler&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1940,[15] and in 1965 [M. Lacoarret](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Lacoarret&action=edit&redlink=1) studied variations in the [hydrogen alpha](/source/Hydrogen_alpha) emission profiles from the target. This system was discovered to be a [photometric](/source/Photometry_(astronomy)) [variable](/source/Variable_star) by P. Merlin in 1975.[14] [P. Koubský](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Koubsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1) measured the radial velocity variations in 1976,[16] and in 1978 published [orbital elements](/source/Orbital_elements) for this binary system with a [period](/source/Orbital_period) of 6.696 days.[17] He found that the variation in emission lines matched the time scale of the orbit, indicating that this is an interacting binary.[11]

Using observations from the [Einstein Observatory](/source/Einstein_Observatory), in 1984 this system was shown to be an [X-ray source](/source/X-ray_astronomy) by [E. F. Guinan](/source/Edward_Guinan) and associates. This emission may be coming from the cooler secondary that is [phase-locked](/source/Tidally_locked) with the primary and is [magnetically active](/source/Magnetic_activity) due to rapid rotation.[18] In 1992, [J. Horn](/source/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Horn) and associates determined that the secondary component is an [evolved](/source/Stellar_evolution) [F-type](/source/F-type_star) [giant star](/source/Giant_star). Evidence suggests this star is overflowing its [Roche lobe](/source/Roche_lobe) with gas streaming toward the primary.[11]

Models indicate that the main source of the H-alpha emission is located mid-way between the two stars, with other emission lines originating from an [accretion disk](/source/Accretion_disk) orbiting the primary. The circumstellar environment is changing in cycles lasting hundreds of days.[7] Infrared emission to the northeast of the system suggests it may be undergoing systematic mass loss.[19]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CDS_1-0)** EAS (1997), ["The HIPPARCOS and TYCHO catalogues"](https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/ftp-index?/ftp/cats/more/HIP/cdroms/cats), *Astrometric and Photometric Star Catalogues Derived from the ESA Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission*, ESA SP Series, **1200**, Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications Division, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1997ESASP1200.....E](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ESASP1200.....E), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9290923997](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9290923997), retrieved 15 October 2022.{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MAST_2-0)** [*MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes*](https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html), Space Telescope Science Institute, retrieved 8 December 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_3-4) [Brown, A. G. A.](/source/Anthony_Brown_(scientist)); et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). ["*Gaia* Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties"](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039657). *[Astronomy & Astrophysics](/source/Astronomy_%26_Astrophysics)*. **649**: A1. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2012.01533](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01533). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021A&A...649A...1G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A&A...649A...1G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202039657](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039657). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [227254300](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:227254300). (Erratum: [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039657e)). [Gaia EDR3 record for this source](https://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?Gaia%20EDR3%202742288759677191168) at [VizieR](/source/VizieR).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Samus_et_al_2017_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Samus_et_al_2017_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Samus_et_al_2017_4-2) Samus, N. N.; et al. (2017), "General Catalogue of Variable Stars", *[Astronomy Reports](/source/Astronomy_Reports)*, 5.1, **61** (1): 80–88, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017ARep...61...80S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ARep...61...80S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1134/S1063772917010085](https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1063772917010085), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [125853869](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:125853869).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Berdyugin_Piirola_2002_5-0)** Berdyugin, A.; Piirola, V. (October 2002), "Polarization variability in the interacting Be binary CX Draconis", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **394**: 181–186, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002A&A...394..181B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002A&A...394..181B), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20021109](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20021109).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Gontcharov_2006_6-0)** Gontcharov, G. A. (November 2006), "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos stars in a common system", *Astronomy Letters*, **32** (11): 759–771, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1606.08053](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08053), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2006AstL...32..759G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AstL...32..759G), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1134/S1063773706110065](https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1063773706110065), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119231169](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119231169).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Richards_et_al_2000_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Richards_et_al_2000_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Richards_et_al_2000_7-2) Richards, Mercedes T.; Koubský, Pavel; Šimon, Vojtěch; Peters, Geraldine J.; Hirata, Ryuko; Škoda, Petr; Masuda, Seiji (March 2000), "A Multiwavelength Study of Spectral Variations in the CX Draconis Binary", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **531** (2): 1003–1027, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000ApJ...531.1003R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...531.1003R), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/308491](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F308491), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [122795224](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122795224).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Abt_et_al_1990_8-0)** Abt, Helmut A.; Gomez, Ana E.; Levy, Saul G. (October 1990), "The Frequency and Formation Mechanism of B2--B5 Main-Sequence Binaries", *Astrophysical Journal Supplement*, **74**: 551, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1990ApJS...74..551A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990ApJS...74..551A), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/191508](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F191508).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Harmanec_et_al_2014_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Harmanec_et_al_2014_9-1) Harmanec, P.; Koubský, P.; Nemravová, J.; Royer, F.; Briot, D.; North, P.; Lampens, P.; Frémat, Y.; Yang, S.; Božić, H.; Kotková, L.; Škoda, P.; Šlechta, M.; Korčáková, D.; Wolf, M.; Zasche, P. (January 2015), "Properties and nature of Be stars 30. Reliable physical properties of a semi-detached B9.5e+G8III binary BR CMi = HD 61273 compared to those of other well studied semi-detached emission-line binaries", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **573**, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1411.5651](https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.5651), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015A&A...573A.107H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A&A...573A.107H), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201424640](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201424640), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [118456434](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118456434), A107.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Zorec_et_al_2016_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Zorec_et_al_2016_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Zorec_et_al_2016_10-2) Zorec, J.; et al. (November 2016), ["Critical study of the distribution of rotational velocities of Be stars. I. Deconvolution methods, effects due to gravity darkening, macroturbulence, and binarity"](http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/85970/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1) (PDF), *Astronomy & Astrophysics*, **595**: 26, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016A&A...595A.132Z](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016A&A...595A.132Z), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201628760](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201628760).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Horn_et_al_1992_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Horn_et_al_1992_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Horn_et_al_1992_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Horn_et_al_1992_11-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Horn_et_al_1992_11-4) Horn, J.; Hubert, A. M.; Hubert, H.; Koubsky, P.; Bailloux, N. (June 1992), "CX Draconis : the orbit parameters for both components", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **259**: L5–L8, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1992A&A...259L...5H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992A&A...259L...5H).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_12-0)** ["CX Dra"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=CX+Dra). *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*. [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg). Retrieved 14 February 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Plaskett_et_al_1921_13-0)** Plaskett, J. S.; Harper, W. E.; Young, R. K.; Plaskett, H. H. (1921), "Eighty-eight spectroscopic binaries", *Publications of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Victoria*, **1**: 287–306, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1921PDAO....1..287P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1921PDAO....1..287P).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Merlin_1975_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Merlin_1975_14-1) Merlin, P. (February 1975), "Variations photométriques de l'étoile B à émission HD 174237", *Astronomy and Astrophysics* (in French), **39**: 139–141, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1975A&A....39..139M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975A&A....39..139M).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Mohler_1940_15-0)** Mohler, Orren C. (September 1940), "Six New BE Stars", *Astrophysical Journal*, **92**: 315, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1940ApJ....92..315M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940ApJ....92..315M), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/144221](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F144221).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Koubsky_1976_16-0)** Koubský, P. (October 1976), "HD 174237 (MWC 608)", *Information Bulletin on Variable Stars*, **1188** (1): 1, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1976IBVS.1188....1K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976IBVS.1188....1K).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Koubsky_1978_17-0)** Koubský, P. (1978), "Properties and Nature of Be and Shell Stars. 9. Periodic Radial-velocity Changes of HD 174237", *Bulletin of the Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia*, **29**: 288, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1978BAICz..29..288K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978BAICz..29..288K).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Guinan_et_al_1984_18-0)** Guinan, E. F.; Koch, R. H.; Plavec, M. J. (July 1984), "Einstein observations of selected close binaries and shell stars", *Astrophysical Journal*, **282**: 667–674, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1984ApJ...282..667G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...282..667G), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/162246](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F162246).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Mayer_et_al_2016_19-0)** Mayer, A.; Deschamps, R.; Jorissen, A. (March 2016), "Search for systemic mass loss in Algols with bow shocks", *Astronomy & Astrophysics*, **587**: A30, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1601.00218](https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.00218), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016A&A...587A..30M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016A&A...587A..30M), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201526623](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201526623), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [54596624](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54596624), A30.

## Further reading

- Pustylnik, I.; Kalv, P.; Harvig, V.; Aas, T. (2007), "On Quasi-Periodic Intrinsic Light Variability in a Close Spectroscopic Binary CX DRA", *Odessa Astronomical Publications*, **20**: 186, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007OAP....20..186P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007OAP....20..186P).

- Berdyugin, A.; Piirola, V. (October 2002), "Polarization variability in the interacting Be binary CX Draconis", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **394**: 181–186, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002A&A...394..181B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002A&A...394..181B), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20021109](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20021109).

- Skoda, Petr; Koubsky, Pavel (2000), Smith, M. A.; Henrichs, H. F.; Fabregat, J. (eds.), ["IUE Spectra of Be Star CX Dra: Evidence for Winds"](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/C43B07F8914B2D2B299445329B6398F7/S0252921100056542a.pdf) (PDF), *The Be Phenomenon in Early-Type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175*, ASP Conference Series, vol. 214, p. 573, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000ASPC..214..573S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ASPC..214..573S), retrieved 15 February 2023.

- Iwamatsu, H.; Hirata, R.; Masuda, S. (2000), Smith, Myron A.; Henrichs, Huib F. (eds.), "Origin of Circumstellar Matter in the Spectroscopic Binary CX Dra", *The Be Phenomenon in Early-Type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175*, ASP Conference Proceedings, vol. 214, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, p. 701, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000ASPC..214..701I](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ASPC..214..701I), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-58381-045-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58381-045-5).{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN))

- Koubský, P.; Richards, M. T.; Šimon, V. (February 1998), Dusek, J.; Zejda, M. (eds.), "Circumstellar Matter in the Interacting Binary CX Draconis", *Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Variable Star Research. 7th - 9th November 1997. Brno, Czech Republic*, p. 64, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1998stel.conf...64K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998stel.conf...64K), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [80-85882-09-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-85882-09-4).{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN))

- Koubsky, P.; Harmanec, P.; Bozic, H.; Rercy, J. R.; Ziznovsky, J.; Huang, L.; Richards, M. T.; Hadrava, P.; Simon, V. (1998), "Spectroscopy and Photometry of the Interacting Binary CX Draconis - Evidence for Circumstellar Mater", *Hvar Observatory Bulletin*, **22** (1): 17–36, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1998HvaOB..22...17K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998HvaOB..22...17K).

- Simon, V. (April 1996), "The interacting binary CX Draconis: new orbital elements and evidence for mass transfer.", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **308**: 799–808, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996A&A...308..799S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A&A...308..799S).

- Koubský, P.; Horn, J.; Harmanec, P.; Peters, G. J.; Polidan, R. S. (1990), İbanoğlu, C (ed.), "Interacting Binary CX Draconis", *Active Close Binaries*, NATO ASI Series, vol. 319, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 237–238, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/978-94-009-0679-2_18](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-0679-2_18), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-94-010-6790-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-010-6790-4).{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN))

- Magalashvili, N. L.; Kumsishvili, Ya. I. (1986), "Photometric observations of the emission B star CX Dra (HD 174237)", *Byulleten Abastumanskaya Astrofizicheskaya Observatoriya*, **61**: 79–82, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1986AbaOB..61...79M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986AbaOB..61...79M).

- Harmanec, P.; Horn, J.; Koubsky, P.; Ziznovsky, J. (March 1981), "Call for Systematic Photoelectric Observations of CX Dra", *Information Bulletin on Variable Stars*, **1931**: 1, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1981IBVS.1931....1H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981IBVS.1931....1H).

- Koubský, P.; Harmanec, P.; Horn, J.; Jerzykiewicz, M.; Papoušek, J.; Kříž, S.; Pavlovski, K.; Ždárský, F. (1980), "Properties and Nature of Be and Shell Stars. 10. Light and Colour Variations of CX Dra", *Bulletin of the Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia*, **31** (2): 75–84, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1980BAICz..31...75K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980BAICz..31...75K).

- Koubský, P.; Harmanec, P.; Horn, J.; Jerzykiewicz, M.; Kríz, S.; Pavlovski, K.; Zdárský, F. (1980), ["UBV photometry of CX Cra. Search for rapid variations"](https://dml.cz/bitstream/handle/10338.dmlcz/142453/ActaCarolinae_021-1980-2_6.pdf) (PDF), *Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Mathematica et Physica*, **21** (2): 33–54, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1980AcMPh..21...33K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980AcMPh..21...33K), retrieved 15 February 2023.

v t e Constellation of Draco List of stars in Draco Draco in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Thuban) β (Rastaban) γ (Eltanin) δ (Altais) ε (Tyl) ζ (Aldhibah) η (Athebyne) θ ι (Edasich) κ λ (Giausar) μ (Alrakis) ν (Kuma) ξ (Grumium) ο π ρ σ (Alsafi) τ υ φ χ ψ1 (Dziban) ψ2 ω Flamsteed 4 6 7 (Tianyi) 8 (Taiyi) 10 (i) 15 (A) 18 (g) 19 (h) 26 36 39 (b) 42 (Fafnir) 45 (d) 50 59 64 (e) 68 Variable TW YY AG BY CL CM CX DO EK HP V581 HR 3751 4126 4934 5811 6237 6518 6618 (Alruba) 6817 7137 7783 HD 109246 (Funi) 101364 128717 147379 156279 158259 176693 191939 Other 2MASS 1237+6526 2MASS J17554042+6551277 G 240-72 GD 356 Gliese 420 Gliese 625 Gliese 687 GRW +70 8247 Kepler-4 Kepler-10 Kepler-12 Kepler-90 Kepler-296 KOI-256 LP 71-82 Qatar-1 SDSS J1240+6710 Struve 2398 TOI-1136 WD 1856+534 WISE 1647+5632 WISE 1841+7000 Exoplanets HD 139357 b HD 167042 b ι Dra b (Hypatia) Kepler-4b Kepler-10b c Kepler-12b Kepler-90e f g h i Kepler-296b c d e f TOI-1452 b TrES-2b Star clusters LAMOST 1 Nebulae Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6742 Galaxies NGC 3147 3197 3735 4121 4125 4221 4236 4319 4331 4332 4363 4441 4513 4545 4589 5678 5777 5866 5866B 5879 5905 5907 5949 5963 5965 5982 5985 6090 6248 6285 6286 6338 6340 6365 6373 6394 6412 6503 6505 6566 6621 6622 6670 6676 6786 6789 Other 1ES 1927+654 1ES 1959+650 3C 249.1 3C 305 3C 319 3C 343 3C 343.1 3C 351 3C 356 3C 371 3C 380 3C 390.3 3C 401 4C +72.26 4C 73.08 8C 1241+735 Abell 2218 BCG Bean galaxy Beaver galaxy BZQ J1727+5510 Draco Dwarf Draco II GB 1508+5714 Goldfish galaxy H1821+643 HFLS3 IERS B1946+708 IRAS F17179+5444 IRAS 18580+6527 J120011.1+680924.8 KKR 25 Markarian 817 Markarian 876 Original TRG PGC 39058 Porphyrion QSO B1823+568 RGZ J172749.5+534647 S5 1803+784 S5 2007+777 SDSS J1715+6008 Tadpole Galaxy UGC 9391 UGC 9405 UGC 11241 UGC 11411 WISEA J145223.62+611707.5 WN B1851+5707 Galaxy clusters Abell 2218 CL1358+62 Draco Supercluster NGC 5866 Group Astronomical events SN 2003jb SN 2005B SN 2016aps Swift J1644+57 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [CX Draconis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CX_Draconis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CX_Draconis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.