# CEERS-2112

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Most distant barred spiral galaxy observed to date

CEERS-2112 Observation data (J2000 epoch) Constellation Boötes[1] Right ascension 14h 19m 55.18s Declination +52° 59′ 31.1″ Redshift 3.03 Heliocentric radial velocity 986,317 km/h (612,869 mph) Galactocentric velocity 986,440 km/h (612,950 mph) Distance 11.7 billion ly (3.6 billion pc) (light travel distance) ~20 billion ly (6.1 billion pc) (comoving distance) Characteristics Type SBbc Mass 3.9×109 M☉ Size 30 kly (9.2 kpc) Apparent size (V) 0.009 x 0.005 moa Other designations CANDELS J141955.18+525931.0, SYM2017 30172

**CEERS-2112** is the most distant [barred spiral galaxy](/source/Barred_spiral_galaxy) observed as of 2023.[2] The light observed from the galaxy was emitted when the [universe](/source/Universe) was only 2.1 billion years old. It was determined to be similar in mass to the [Milky Way](/source/Milky_Way).

## Observations

The galaxy is located in the [Extended Groth Strip](/source/Extended_Groth_Strip) cosmological field and it was identified as a barred spiral galaxy thanks to the observations of the [NIRCam](/source/NIRCam) instrument onboard the [James Webb Space Telescope](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope). These observations were made in June 2022 as part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science ([CEERS](/source/CEERS)) survey and are publicly available for the general community.

## Morphology

CEERS-2112 is a barred spiral galaxy, resembling the structure of the Milky Way. It presents a concentration of stars moving on very elliptical orbits in its central region, which appears as an elongated structure (stellar bar), from which two faint spiral arms develop. In the local Universe,[3] about 70% of galaxies show this appearance, which is quite rare in the early Universe,[4] where the percentage diminishes to about 5% at redshift z > 2.

## Stellar mass

The galaxy has a stellar mass of 3.9 billion times that of the [Sun](/source/Sun), comparable with that of the Milky Way 11.7 billion years ago.[5][6]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-DJM-2008_1-0)** Staff (2008). ["Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates"](http://djm.cc/constellation.html). *DJM.cc*. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Costantin, L.; et al. (2023). ["A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06636-x). *[Nature](/source/Nature_(journal))*. **623** (7987): 499–501. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2311.04283](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.04283). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023Natur.623..499C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023Natur.623..499C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41586-023-06636-x](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-023-06636-x). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [265048621](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:265048621).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Marinova, I.; Jogee, S. (2007). ["Characterizing Bars at z~0 in the Optical and NIR: Implications for the Evolution of Barred Disks with Redshift"](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/512355). *[The Astrophysical Journal](/source/The_Astrophysical_Journal)*. **659** (2): 1176–1197. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0608039](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0608039). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007ApJ...659.1176M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...659.1176M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/512355](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F512355). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [16789909](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16789909).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Le Conte; et al. (2023). "A JWST investigation into the bar fraction at redshifts 1 < z < 3". *[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society](/source/Monthly_Notices_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society)*. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2309.10038](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.10038).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Papovich, C.; et al. (2015). ["ZFOURGE/CANDELS: On the Evolution of M* Galaxy Progenitors from z = 3 to 0.5"](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/803/1/26). *[The Astrophysical Journal](/source/The_Astrophysical_Journal)*. **803** (1): 26–49. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1412.3806](https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3806). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015ApJ...803...26P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...803...26P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/803/1/26](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F803%2F1%2F26). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [3960409](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3960409).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Sotillo-Ramos, D.; et al. (2022). ["The merger and assembly histories of Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies with TNG50: disc survival through mergers"](https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/516/4/5404/6702434). *[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society](/source/Monthly_Notices_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society)*. **516** (4): 5404–5427. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2211.00036](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.00036). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/stac2586](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstac2586).

## External links

- CEERS public webpage: [https://ceers.github.io](https://ceers.github.io)

- The Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (CEERS datasets): [https://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/ceers](https://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/ceers)

v t e Constellation of Boötes Boötes in Chinese astronomy Boötes Void List of stars in Boötes Stars Bayer α (Arcturus) β (Nekkar) γ (Seginus) δ (Qigong) ε (Izar, Pulcherrima) ζ η (Muphrid) θ ι κ λ (Xuange) μ1 (Alkalurops) μ2 ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ (Kalasungsang) σ (Genghe) τ (Tepiamenit) υ φ χ ψ ω Flamsteed 1 2 3 6 (e) 7 9 10 11 12 (d) 13 14 15 18 20 22 (f) 24 (g) 26 31 32 33 34 (Alrumh) 38 (Merga) 39 40 44 (Quadrans) 45 (c) 46 (b) 47 (k) 50 Variable R S T RX ZZ AB BL BP BX BY CE CH CI CN CP CR CX CY (101 Vir) DE EK HN HP HD 118508 118889 122563 125040 125351 (A) 125658 126128 126129 126141 126200 126271 127304 127334 127726 128093 128198 129132 129357 130084 130603 130917 131040 131473 131496 (Arcalís) 132029 132406 132563 134064 134335 135438 135530 135944 141399 Other 2MASS J15031961+2525196 CFBDSIR 1458+10 Gliese 526 HAT-P-4 LHS 2924 PSR J1544+4937 SDSS J1416+1348 SDSS J1433+1011 TVLM 513-46546 WASP-14 WD 1425+540 ZTF J153932.16+502738.8 Exoplanets HAT-P-4b HD 128311 b c HD 132406 b HD 136418 b (Awasis) τ Boötis b TOI-1853 b WASP-14b Star clusters NGC 5466 Galaxies NGC 5008 5248 5251 5416 5490 5500 5504 5508 5514 5523 5529 5532 5533 5535 5539 5541 5544 5545 5548 5557 5559 5562 5579 5582 5591 5601 5603 5609 5613 5614 5615 5624 5629 5630 5641 5642 5653 5665 5676 5681 5682 5683 5698 5714 5722 5752 5753 5754 5755 5772 5778 5784 5790 5820 5821 5829 5837 5857 5875 5876 5886 5888 5896 5929 5930 5966 Numbered I II III Other 3C 295 3C 299 3C 300 3C 303 3C 315 4C 19.44 4C +26.42 7C 1354+2552 Abell 2009 BCG Arp 302 B2 1420+32 B2 1441+26 CEERS-2112 CEERS-93316 CEERS2-588 CLASS B1359+154 Cloverleaf quasar DDO 190 EGS-zs8-1 EGS-z11-R0 EGSY8p7 H1426+428 IC 4397 IC 4461 IC 4462 IC 4481 IC 4516 IRAS 13349+2438 IRAS 14394+5332 IRAS 15206+3342 LEDA 2108986 MACS 1423-z7p64 MACS J1447.4+0827 BCG Maisie's Galaxy Markarian 463 Markarian 471 Markarian 478 MS 1455.0+2232 BCG MS 1512-cB58 NVSS J141343+433945 OQ 172 OQ 530 PG 1411+442 PG 1543+489 PGC 93125 PGC 1470080 PKS 1345+125 PKS 1413+135 QSO B1422+202 RBS 1467 RGZ J145001.5+144747 RGZ J145039.8+441829 SBS 1415+437 SDSS J135646.10+102609.0 SDSS J1430+2303 Teacup galaxy UGC 8669 UGC 9128 UGC 9425 UGC 9684 UGC 9796 ULAS J1342+0928 VV 191 Galaxy clusters Abell 1795 Abell 1991 BoRG-58 IDCS J1426.5+3508 Astronomical events GRB 990123 GRB 080319B SCP 06F6 SN 2003fg SN 2005bc SN 2020tlf Category

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