# CD34

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Protein found in humans

CD34 Identifiers Aliases CD34, entrez:947, CD34 molecule External IDs OMIM: 142230; MGI: 88329; HomoloGene: 1343; GeneCards: CD34; OMA:CD34 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q32.2 Start 207,880,972 bp[1] End 207,911,402 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 H6|1 98.38 cM Start 194,621,127 bp[2] End 194,643,587 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in apex of heart right auricle of heart gastric mucosa subcutaneous adipose tissue Descending thoracic aorta left uterine tube right lobe of thyroid gland tibial nerve body of uterus right coronary artery Top expressed in vasculature of trunk efferent ductule ankle lip left lung lobe uterus carotid body dermis cervix skin of abdomen More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function transcription factor binding sulfate binding carbohydrate binding Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane membrane plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane extracellular region cell surface basal plasma membrane glomerular endothelium fenestra apical plasma membrane intercellular bridge perinuclear region of cytoplasm lysosome external side of plasma membrane cell periphery Biological process extracellular exosome assembly stem cell proliferation positive regulation of interleukin-10 production cell motility negative regulation of blood coagulation metanephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation paracrine signaling hematopoietic stem cell proliferation positive regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production negative regulation of gene expression positive regulation of angiogenesis regulation of blood pressure vascular wound healing positive regulation of gene expression glomerular filtration negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process cell adhesion endothelial cell proliferation mesangial cell-matrix adhesion tissue homeostasis positive regulation of vasculogenesis endothelium development regulation of immune response negative regulation of cellular response to heat positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production glomerular endothelium development negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production cell-matrix adhesion cell population proliferation positive regulation of odontogenesis negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia leukocyte migration signal transduction transdifferentiation negative regulation of neuron death cell-cell adhesion hemopoiesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 947 12490 Ensembl ENSG00000174059 ENSMUSG00000016494 UniProt P28906 Q64314 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001025109 NM_001773 NM_001111059 NM_133654 RefSeq (protein) NP_001020280 NP_001764 NP_001104529 NP_598415 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 207.88 – 207.91 Mb Chr 1: 194.62 – 194.64 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**CD34** is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein [protein](/source/Protein) encoded by the CD34 gene in humans, mice, rats and other species.[5][6][7]

CD34 derives its name from the [cluster of differentiation](/source/Cluster_of_differentiation) protocol that identifies cell surface antigens. CD34 was first described as a cell surface [glycoprotein](/source/Glycoprotein) on [hematopoietic stem cells](/source/Hematopoietic_stem_cell) and functions as a [cell-cell adhesion](/source/Cell_adhesion) factor.[8][9][10][11] It may also mediate the attachment of hematopoietic [stem cells](/source/Stem_cells) to [bone marrow](/source/Bone_marrow) extracellular matrix or directly to [stromal cells](/source/Stromal_cell). Clinically, it is associated with the selection and enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplants. Due to these historical and clinical associations, CD34 expression is almost ubiquitously related to hematopoietic cells; however, it is actually found on many other cell types as well.[12]

## Function

The CD34 protein is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane [sialomucin](/source/Mucin) proteins that show expression on early [haematopoietic](/source/Haematopoietic) and vascular-associated progenitor cells.[13] However, little is known about its exact function.[14]

CD34 is also an important adhesion molecule and is required for [T cells](/source/T_cell) to enter [lymph nodes](/source/Lymph_node). It is expressed on lymph node [endothelia](/source/Endothelium), whereas the [L-selectin](/source/L-selectin) to which it binds is on the T cell.[15][16] Conversely, under other circumstances CD34 has been shown to act as molecular "Teflon" and block mast cell, eosinophil and dendritic cell precursor adhesion, and to facilitate opening of vascular lumina.[17][18] Finally, recent data suggest CD34 may also play a more selective role in chemokine-dependent migration of eosinophils and dendritic cell precursors.[19][20] Regardless of its mode of action, under all circumstances CD34, and its relatives podocalyxin and endoglycan, facilitates cell migration.[13][19]

## Tissue distribution

CD34 is expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells and [endothelial cells](/source/Endothelial_cells) of blood vessels. Thus, it has been used as a marker for capillaries and blood vessels. One of the most densely vascular organs is the kidney, wherein networks of capillaries are intertwined with renal tubules. In kidney sections, these networks of capillaries have been visualized by confocal microscopy of fluorescently labelled anti-CD34 antibodies.[21] The presence of CD34 on non-hematopoietic cells in various tissues has been linked to progenitor and adult stem cell phenotypes.[12]

It is important to mention that Long-Term Haematopoietic Stem Cells (LT-HSCs) in mice and humans are the haematopoietic cells with the greatest self-renewal capacity and were shown to be CD34+ and CD38− cell fraction within the lineage-depleted cell population (LIn−).[22][23] Human HSCs express the CD34 marker.[22][24] Later studies have reported that low rhodamine retention identifies LT-HSCs within the Lin−CD34+CD38− population.[25][26][27]

CD34 is expressed in roughly 20% of murine haematopoietic stem cells,[28] and can be stimulated and reversed.[29]

## Clinical applications

CD34+ is often used clinically to quantify the number of haemopoietic stem cells for use in haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is generally a useful marker for cell dosing although there is some evidence that the CD34+ quantification may not be reliable in some circumstances.[30] CD34+ cells may be isolated from [blood](/source/Blood) samples using [immunomagnetic](/source/Magnetic-activated_cell_sorting) techniques and used for CD34+ transplants, which have lower rates of [graft-versus-host disease](/source/Graft-versus-host_disease).[31]

Antibodies are used to quantify and purify [hematopoietic](/source/Hematopoietic) [progenitor](/source/Progenitor) stem cells for research and for clinical bone marrow transplantation. However, counting CD34+ mononuclear cells may overestimate [myeloid](/source/Myeloid) blasts in bone marrow smears due to [hematogones](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hematogones&action=edit&redlink=1) (B lymphocyte precursors) and CD34+ [megakaryocytes](/source/Megakaryocytes).

Cells observed as CD34+ and CD38- are of an [undifferentiated](/source/Cellular_differentiation), primitive form; i.e., they are [multipotent hematopoietic stem cells](/source/Multipotent_hematopoietic_stem_cell). Thus, because of their CD34+ expression, such undifferentiated cells can be sorted out.

In tumors, CD34 is found in [alveolar soft part sarcoma](/source/Alveolar_soft_part_sarcoma), [preB-ALL](/source/PreB-ALL) (positive in 75%), [AML](/source/Acute_myelogenous_leukemia) (40%), [AML-M7](/source/AML-M7) (most), [dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans](/source/Dermatofibrosarcoma_protuberans), gastrointestinal [stromal tumors](/source/Stromal_tumor), [giant cell fibroblastoma](/source/Giant_cell_fibroblastoma), [granulocytic sarcoma](/source/Granulocytic_sarcoma), [Kaposi’s sarcoma](/source/Kaposi%E2%80%99s_sarcoma), [liposarcoma](/source/Liposarcoma), [malignant fibrous histiocytoma](/source/Malignant_fibrous_histiocytoma), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, meningeal [hemangiopericytomas](/source/Hemangiopericytoma), [meningiomas](/source/Meningioma), [neurofibromas](/source/Neurofibroma), [schwannomas](/source/Schwannoma), and [papillary thyroid carcinoma](/source/Papillary_thyroid_carcinoma).

A negative CD34 may exclude [Ewing's sarcoma](/source/Ewing's_sarcoma)/PNET, [myofibrosarcoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myofibrosarcoma&action=edit&redlink=1) of the breast, and [inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors](/source/Inflammatory_myofibroblastic_tumor) of the stomach.

Injection of CD34+ [hematopoietic](/source/Hematopoietic) stem cells has been clinically applied to treat various diseases including spinal cord injury,[32] liver cirrhosis[33] and peripheral vascular disease.[34]

## Interactions

CD34 has been shown to [interact](/source/Protein-protein_interaction) with [CRKL](/source/CRKL).[35] It also [interacts](/source/Protein-protein_interaction) with [L-selectin](/source/L-selectin), important in [inflammation](/source/Inflammation). CD34- has been related to hair follicles' melanocyte regeneration and CD34+ with neuronal regeneration.

## See also

- [Cluster of differentiation](/source/Cluster_of_differentiation)

- [List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions](/source/List_of_histologic_stains_that_aid_in_diagnosis_of_cutaneous_conditions)

## References

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Tamari R, Oran B, Hilden P, Maloy M, Kongtim P, Papadopoulos EB, et al. (May 2018). ["Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Comparison of Outcomes between CD34+ Selected and Unmodified Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6529210). *Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation*. **24** (5): 1079–1087. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbmt.2018.01.001). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6529210](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6529210). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29325829](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29325829).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Srivastava_2010_32-0)** Srivastava A, Bapat M, Ranade S, Srinivasan V, Murugan P, Manjunath S, Thamaraikannan P, Abraham S (2010). ["Autologous Multiple Injections of in Vitro Expanded Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cells For Cervical Level Spinal Cord Injury - A Case Report"](http://www.pubstemcell.com/monthly/006030700113.htm). *Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Terai_2006_33-0)** Terai S, Ishikawa T, Omori K, Aoyama K, Marumoto Y, Urata Y, et al. (October 2006). "Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy". *Stem Cells*. **24** (10): 2292–2298. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1634/stemcells.2005-0542](https://doi.org/10.1634%2Fstemcells.2005-0542). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16778155](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16778155). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [5649484](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5649484).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid21671823_34-0)** Subrammaniyan R, Amalorpavanathan J, Shankar R, Rajkumar M, Baskar S, Manjunath SR, et al. (September 2011). "Application of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in six patients with advanced chronic critical limb ischemia as a result of diabetes: our experience". *Cytotherapy*. **13** (8): 993–999. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3109/14653249.2011.579961](https://doi.org/10.3109%2F14653249.2011.579961). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [21671823](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21671823). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [27251276](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27251276).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid11389015_35-0)** Felschow DM, McVeigh ML, Hoehn GT, Civin CI, Fackler MJ (June 2001). ["The adapter protein CrkL associates with CD34"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V97.12.3768). *Blood*. **97** (12): 3768–3775. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V97.12.3768](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V97.12.3768). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11389015](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11389015).

## Further reading

- Bellini A, Mattoli S (September 2007). ["The role of the fibrocyte, a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor, in reactive and reparative fibroses"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Flabinvest.3700654). *Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology*. **87** (9): 858–870. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/labinvest.3700654](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Flabinvest.3700654). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [17607298](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17607298).

- Simmons DL, Satterthwaite AB, Tenen DG, Seed B (January 1992). ["Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding CD34, a sialomucin of human hematopoietic stem cells"](http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1370171). *Journal of Immunology*. **148** (1): 267–271. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4049/jimmunol.148.1.267](https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.148.1.267). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1370171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1370171).

- Satterthwaite AB, Burn TC, Le Beau MM, Tenen DG (April 1992). "Structure of the gene encoding CD34, a human hematopoietic stem cell antigen". *Genomics*. **12** (4): 788–794. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/0888-7543(92)90310-O](https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0888-7543%2892%2990310-O). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1374051](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1374051).

- Fina L, Molgaard HV, Robertson D, Bradley NJ, Monaghan P, Delia D, et al. (June 1990). ["Expression of the CD34 gene in vascular endothelial cells"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V75.12.2417.2417). *Blood*. **75** (12): 2417–2426. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V75.12.2417.2417](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V75.12.2417.2417). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1693532](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1693532).

- Fackler MJ, Civin CI, Sutherland DR, Baker MA, May WS (July 1990). ["Activated protein kinase C directly phosphorylates the CD34 antigen on hematopoietic cells"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2938556-4). *The Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **265** (19): 11056–11061. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38556-4](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2938556-4). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1694174](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1694174).

- Sutherland DR, Watt SM, Dowden G, Karhi K, Baker MA, Greaves MF, Smart JE (December 1988). "Structural and partial amino acid sequence analysis of the human hemopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34". *Leukemia*. **2** (12): 793–803. [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [2462139](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2462139).

- Nakamura Y, Komano H, Nakauchi H (February 1993). "Two alternative forms of cDNA encoding CD34". *Experimental Hematology*. **21** (2): 236–242. [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7678811](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7678811). [INIST](/source/Institut_de_l'information_scientifique_et_technique) [4784611](https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4784611).

- Huyhn A, Dommergues M, Izac B, Croisille L, Katz A, Vainchenker W, Coulombel L (December 1995). ["Characterization of hematopoietic progenitors from human yolk sacs and embryos"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V86.12.4474.bloodjournal86124474). *Blood*. **86** (12): 4474–4485. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V86.12.4474.bloodjournal86124474](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V86.12.4474.bloodjournal86124474). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8541536](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8541536).

- Tavian M, Coulombel L, Luton D, Clemente HS, Dieterlen-Lièvre F, Péault B (January 1996). ["Aorta-associated CD34+ hematopoietic cells in the early human embryo"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V87.1.67.67). *Blood*. **87** (1): 67–72. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V87.1.67.67](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V87.1.67.67). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8547678](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8547678).

- Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M, Bonaldo MF, Chiapelli B, Chissoe S, et al. (September 1996). ["Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags"](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6.9.807). *Genome Research*. **6** (9): 807–828. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gr.6.9.807](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6.9.807). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8889549](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8889549).

- Uchida N, Yang Z, Combs J, Pourquié O, Nguyen M, Ramanathan R, et al. (April 1997). ["The characterization, molecular cloning, and expression of a novel hematopoietic cell antigen from CD34+ human bone marrow cells"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V89.8.2706). *Blood*. **89** (8): 2706–2716. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V89.8.2706](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V89.8.2706). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9108388](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9108388).

- Ruiz ME, Cicala C, Arthos J, Kinter A, Catanzaro AT, Adelsberger J, et al. (October 1998). "Peripheral blood-derived CD34+ progenitor cells: CXC chemokine receptor 4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 expression and infection by HIV". *Journal of Immunology*. **161** (8): 4169–4176. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.4169](https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.161.8.4169). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9780190](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9780190).

- Kees UR, Ford J (February 1999). ["Synergistic action of stem-cell factor and interleukin-7 in a human immature T-cell line"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2326741). *Immunology*. **96** (2): 202–206. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00674.x](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2567.1999.00674.x). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2326741](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2326741). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10233696](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10233696).

- Bistrup A, Bhakta S, Lee JK, Belov YY, Gunn MD, Zuo FR, et al. (May 1999). ["Sulfotransferases of two specificities function in the reconstitution of high endothelial cell ligands for L-selectin"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2133194). *The Journal of Cell Biology*. **145** (4): 899–910. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1083/jcb.145.4.899](https://doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.145.4.899). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2133194](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2133194). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10330415](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10330415).

- Lataillade JJ, Clay D, Dupuy C, Rigal S, Jasmin C, Bourin P, Le Bousse-Kerdilès MC (February 2000). "Chemokine SDF-1 enhances circulating CD34(+) cell proliferation in synergy with cytokines: possible role in progenitor survival". *Blood*. **95** (3): 756–768. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V95.3.756](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V95.3.756). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10648383](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10648383).[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

- Felschow DM, McVeigh ML, Hoehn GT, Civin CI, Fackler MJ (June 2001). ["The adapter protein CrkL associates with CD34"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V97.12.3768). *Blood*. **97** (12): 3768–3775. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V97.12.3768](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V97.12.3768). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11389015](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11389015).

- Dobo I, Robillard N, Pineau D, Geneviève F, Piard N, Rapp MJ, et al. (November 2001). "Use of pathology-specific peripheral blood CD34 thresholds to predict leukapheresis CD34 content with optimal accuracy: a bicentric analysis of 299 leukaphereses". *Annals of Hematology*. **80** (11): 639–646. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s002770100365](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002770100365). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11757722](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11757722). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [23018429](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23018429).

- Hogan CJ, Shpall EJ, Keller G (January 2002). ["Differential long-term and multilineage engraftment potential from subfractions of human CD34+ cord blood cells transplanted into NOD/SCID mice"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC117574). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **99** (1): 413–418. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002PNAS...99..413H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...99..413H). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.012336799](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.012336799). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3057551](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3057551). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [117574](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC117574). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11782553](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11782553). [INIST](/source/Institut_de_l'information_scientifique_et_technique) [13429907](https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13429907).

- Krauter J, Hartl M, Hambach L, Kohlenberg A, Gunsilius E, Ganser A, Heil G (December 2001). "Receptor-mediated endocytosis of CD34 on hematopoietic cells after stimulation with the monoclonal antibody anti-HPCA-1". *Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research*. **10** (6): 863–871. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1089/152581601317210953](https://doi.org/10.1089%2F152581601317210953). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11798512](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11798512).

- Okuno Y, Iwasaki H, Huettner CS, Radomska HS, Gonzalez DA, Tenen DG, Akashi K (April 2002). ["Differential regulation of the human and murine CD34 genes in hematopoietic stem cells"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122934). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **99** (9): 6246–6251. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002PNAS...99.6246O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...99.6246O). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.092027799](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.092027799). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3058657](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3058657). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [122934](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122934). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11983914](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11983914).

- Hotfilder M, Röttgers S, Rosemann A, Jürgens H, Harbott J, Vormoor J (July 2002). ["Immature CD34+CD19- progenitor/stem cells in TEL/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia are genetically and functionally normal"](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V100.2.640). *Blood*. **100** (2): 640–646. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1182/blood.V100.2.640](https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V100.2.640). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12091359](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12091359).

## External links

- [Antigens,+CD34](https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Antigens%2C+CD34) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine [Medical Subject Headings](/source/Medical_Subject_Headings) (MeSH)

- [Mouse CD Antigen Chart](http://www.ebioscience.com/resources/mouse-cd-chart.htm)

- [Human CD Antigen Chart](http://www.ebioscience.com/resources/human-cd-chart.htm)

- Human [*CD34*](https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=CD34) genome location and [*CD34*](https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=CD34) gene details page in the [UCSC Genome Browser](/source/UCSC_Genome_Browser).

v t e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation) 1–50 CD1 a-c 1A 1B 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50 51–100 CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100 101–150 CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150 151–200 CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200 201–250 CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 CD248 CD249 251–300 CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299 301–350 CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD327 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350 351–371 CD351 CD352 CD353 CD354 CD355 CD357 CD358 CD360 CD361 CD362 CD363 CD364 CD365 CD366 CD367 CD368 CD369 CD370 CD371 Category Commons

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [CD34](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.