# Céu (programming language)

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Céu Developer Francisco Sant'Anna First appeared April 3, 2014 Stable release v0.30 / March 21, 2018 Website www.ceu-lang.org Influenced by C

**Céu** is a synchronous reactive language intended for front-end applications that aims to be a safer alternative to C and C++.[1] Céu supports synchronous [concurrency](/source/Concurrent_computing) with shared memory and [deterministic](/source/Determinism) execution and has a small [memory footprint](/source/Memory_footprint).[2]

## History

Early versions of Céu were developed in 2011 by Francisco Sant'Anna during his research at the [Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro](/source/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro).[3]

## Examples

### Hello World

A "Hello World!" program that repeats every 250 milliseconds is:

loop do
    await 250ms;
    _printf("Hello World!\n");
end

[4]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Sant'Anna, Francisco (2023-02-12), [*fsantanna/ceu*](https://github.com/fsantanna/ceu), retrieved 2025-06-05

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ceu_2-0)** ["Home"](http://www.ceu-lang.org/). *ceu-lang.org*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Céu - Programming language"](https://pldb.io/concepts/ceu.html). *pldb.io*. Retrieved 2025-06-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Céu Tutorial"](http://www.ceu-lang.org/tutorial.html#sec_hello_world). *www.ceu-lang.org*. Retrieved 2025-06-05.

## Sources

- Sant'anna, Francisco; Rodriguez, Noemi; Ierusalimschy, R. (2018). ["CÉU: EMBEDDED, SAFE, AND REACTIVE PROGRAMMING"](https://doi.org/10.17771%2FPUCRIO.DIMCC.25258). *Monografias Em Ciência da Computação*. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.17771/PUCRIO.DIMCC.25258](https://doi.org/10.17771%2FPUCRIO.DIMCC.25258). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [58256421](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58256421).

- Lima, Guilherme F.; Santos, Rodrigo C. M.; Ierusalimschy, Roberto; Haeusler, Edward H.; Sant’Anna, Francisco (1 August 2019). "A memory-bounded, deterministic and terminating semantics for the synchronous programming language Céu". *Journal of Systems Architecture*. **97**: 239–257. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.sysarc.2019.01.014](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sysarc.2019.01.014). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1383-7621](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1383-7621).

- Sant' Anna, Francisco; Ierusalimschy, Roberto; Rodriguez, Noemi (16 March 2015). "Structured synchronous reactive programming with Céu". *Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Modularity*. pp. 29–40. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1145/2724525.2724571](https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2724525.2724571). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781450332491](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450332491). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [9834676](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9834676).

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